Otog Banner 鄂托克旗 •ᠣᠲᠣᠭ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ
Banner
A public square inQipanjing
Otog in Ordos City
Ordos City in Inner Mongolia
Otog Location of the seat in Inner Mongolia Show map of Inner Mongolia Otog Otog (China) Show map of China
Coordinates:39°05′23″N107°58′34″E / 39.0897°N 107.9762°E /39.0897; 107.9762
Country	China
Autonomous region	Inner Mongolia
Prefecture-level city	Ordos
Banner seat	Ulan [zh]
Area
• Total	20,064 km2 (7,747 sq mi)
Elevation	1,367 m (4,485 ft)
Population  (2020)[1]
• Total	162,726
• Density	8.1103/km2 (21.006/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+8 (China Standard)
Website	www.eq.gov.cn

Otog Banner (Mongolian:ᠣᠲᠣᠭ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ;Chinese:鄂托克旗) is a banner of southwesternInner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration ofOrdos City, and bordersOtog Front Banner to the southwest andUxin Banner to the southeast.

Evidence of human habitation in present-day Otog Banner dates back to theNeolithic era, when the area was inhabited by the Hetao people (Chinese:河套人;pinyin:Hétào rén).^[2]

According to thebanner's government, the area was ruled over by theShang Dynasty during its existence.^[2] During this time, the area was inhabited by theTufang [zh], theGuifang, and other fang-countries, in addition to theNorthern Qiang [zh] andXunyu nomads.^[2]

During theWestern Zhou period of theZhou dynasty, the area around Otog Banner was home to nomadic tribes such asXianyun, who were part of theBeidi.^[2] During theSpring and Autumn period, theQuyan [zh] and other nomadic tribes lived on the southwestern edge of present-day Otog Banner.^[2] During theWarring States period, theLinhu [zh] and theLoufan [zh] lived in the area.^[2]

Following the Zhou dynasty, the area was inhabited by theXiongnu.^[2]

In 215 BCE, the area was incorporated into theQin dynasty as part ofBeidi Commandery.^[2] The area was reorganized in 127 BCE as part ofShuofang Commandery, with present-day Otog Banner occupying its subdivisions ofLinrong County [zh] andXiudu County [zh].^[2] In 50 CE, the southern Xiongnu and other tribes occupied the area, and present-day Otog Banner fell under the jurisdiction of XiongnuRight Tuqi-prince [zh].^[2]

During theJin Dynasty and theSixteen Kingdoms period, the area belonged to both theFormer Zhao andLater Zhao.^[2] During this time, the area was administered asShuozhou [zh].^[2]

In 407 CE,Helian Bobo established theGreat Xia, which administered present-day Otog Banner.^[2] In 427 CE, theNorthern Wei dynasty occupied the entirety of present-dayOrdos, and administered the area of present-day Otog Banner asXi'an Prefecture [zh].^[2]

From 605 CE to 607 CE, the area was administered underLingwu Commandery [zh] andYanchuan Commandery [zh].^[2]

By the beginning of theTang dynasty, the area was split between sixTurkicprefectures:Lu Prefecture [zh],Li Prefecture (Chinese:丽州;pinyin:Lì Zhōu),She Prefecture (Chinese:舍州;pinyin:Shě Zhōu),Sai Prefecture (Chinese:塞州;pinyin:Sāi Zhōu),Yi Prefecture [zh], andQi Prefecture [zh].^[2] It was later reorganized asKuang Prefecture [zh] andChang Prefecture [zh].^[2]

In the 738 CE, the Tang dynasty took control, and organized the area under theYou Prefecture, with present-day Otog Banner belonging to its subdivisions ofYan'en County (Chinese:延恩县;pinyin:Yán'ēn Xiàn),Guiren County (Chinese:归仁县;pinyin:Guīrén Xiàn), andHuaide County (Chinese:怀德三县;pinyin:Huáidé Xiàn).^[2]

During theFive Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period which followed the Tang dynasty, the area belonged toDingnan Jiedushi andLingwu Jiedushi [zh].^[2]

In 1038, the area of present-day Otog Banner became part of theWestern Xia.^[2]

In 1226,Genghis Khan personally conquered the Western Xia, and rested his troops in the western portion of present-day Otog Banner.^[2] The following year, when the Western Xia was destroyed, the area became part of theMongol Empire.^[2]

In theYuan Dynasty, all but the western portion of the area belonged toNingxiafu Circuit [zh], while the rest became the fiefdom ofChaghan Nur (Chinese:察罕脑尔;pinyin:Cháhǎn Nǎo'ěr).^[2]

In 1376, present-day Otog Banner was put under control ofNingxia Wei [zh] andDongsheng Wei [zh], as part of theShaanxi Provincial Command and Envoy Division [zh] of theMing dynasty.^[2] In 1462, Mongols resettled in Ordos, and in 1500,Dayan Khan restored the Wanhu organization, bringing the area under the control ofBars Bolud Jinong.^[2] The area would continue to be ruled by his descendants, includingBaisanggu'er [zh].^[2] The Ming dynasty retook control of the area in 1635, following Mongol surrender.^[2]

TheQing dynasty assumed control of the area in 1649, and re-organized the area of present-day Ordos under six differentbanners.^[2] The area near present-day Otog Banner was governed by the descendants of Baisanggu'er as part of theOrdos Right Middle Banner [zh].^[2]

The Ordos Right Wing Middle Banner survived into theRepublic of China, although it underwent various administrative changes: in 1930,Woye County (Chinese:沃野县;pinyin:Wòyě Xiàn) was established within the banner, and the banner'syamen was abolished in 1936.^[2] TheTaolimin Office [zh] took over the area in 1941, amid theJapanese invasion of China, but by 1942, the area was torn between three different governing systems.^[2]

On August 23, 1949, thePeople's Liberation Army took control of present-day Otog Banner, and by September 7, a provisionalCommunist Party government was established.^[2] Otog Banner was established in February 1950.^[2] In 1980,Otog Front Banner was split from Otog Banner, and in 1997, part of Otog Banner was transferred toWuhai.^[2]

Otog Banner is made up of 4towns and 2sums.^[3]

Otog Banner is located in the southwest of Inner Mongolia and the west of Ordos City's administration, with a latitude range of 38° 18' to 40° 11' N and a longitude range of 106° 41' to 108° 54', spanning 209 kilometres (130 mi) north to south and 188 kilometres (117 mi) west to east. Its total area is 20,064 square kilometres (7,747 sq mi).

Otog Banner has amonsoon-influenced, continentalcold desert climate (KöppenBWk), with long, cold and very dry winters, and hot, slightly wetter summers. The monthly daily average temperature ranges from −9.6 °C (14.7 °F) in January to 22.9 °C (73.2 °F) in July, and the annual mean is 7.5 °C (45.5 °F). Only during the summer months does significant rainfall occur, and there is an average of 264.4 millimetres (10.41 in) of precipitation annually. There are 3,000 hours of sunshine and 122 frost-free days per year.^[4]

As of 2019, Otog Banner had agross domestic product (GDP) of 36.036 billionrenminbi (RMB), a 8.4% increase from the previous year.^{[7]: 20–93} Otog Banner's economy is largely industrial: thebanner'sprimary sector accounts for 2.60% of its GDP, thesecondary sector accounts for 73.10% of its GDP, and thetertiary sector accounts for 24.30%.^{[7]: 20–93}

Theper capitadisposable income for residents of Otog Banner is 37,973 RMB as of 2019, a 7.4% increase from the previous year.^{[7]: 20–93}Urban residents of Otog Banner average a disposable income of 48,994 RMB,^{[7]: 20–93} which ranks 4th among the 101county-level divisions ofInner Mongolia which reported this data in 2019.^{[7]: 20–5}Rural residents average 20,244 RMB of disposable income,^{[7]: 20–93} which ranks 24th among the 90 county-level divisions of Inner Mongolia which reported this data in 2019.^{[7]: 20–6}

As of 2019, Otog Banner has eight primary schools and six regular secondary schools.^{[7]: 20–93}

As of 2019, Otog Banner has twotheaters, and onestadium.^{[7]: 20–93}

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• Banners of Inner Mongolia
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