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TheOtí language, also known asChavante orEuchavante, is alanguage isolate once spoken in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, between thePeixe andPardo rivers.[2] The language became extinct at the beginning of the 20th century. Only a few wordlists are preserved,[3] and Campbell leaves it unclassified due to a paucity of information.[4]
Greenberg classified Oti as aMacro-Ge language, but he provided almost no supporting data and has not been followed by other researchers.[5][6]
The Oti were largely exterminated in the late 19th century out of fear that they wereKaingang.[7] Nimuendajú estimated that there were some 50 Oti in 1890.[8] By 1903, there were only 8, divided between two locations, one a few kilometers east ofIndiana and east ofPresidente Prudente, between the Peixe andParanapanema rivers, and one inPlatina, some 50 km northwest ofOurinhos. The traditional Oti lands up to 1870 had been located between these two places.[9] In 1988, the last Oti died.[10]
Some Otí words given by Nikulin (2020),[6]: 78–79 cited from Quadros (1892),[12] Borba (1908: 73–76),[13] and Nimuendajú in Ihering (1912: 8).[1] For the original word lists by Quadros (1892) and Borba (1908), see the correspondingPortuguese article.
Portuguese gloss (original)
English gloss (translated)
Otí
cabeça
head
ursube; ufúbe
cabelo
hair
eteche; naôdj
olho
eye
acli, athli
orelha
ear
aconxe; acóti; kō's(h)a
nariz
nose
assondlaibe; sonduái
dente
tooth
vê; ûa
boca
mouth
afót
peito
chest
instúa
mão
hand
insua
pé
foot
jube; fum
sangue
blood
astaete
água
water
ocochia; kos(h)îa; diélsede
fogo
fire
iná; achô; úgide
árvore
tree
tajane
terra
earth
biroa
pedra
stone
rátcha
chuva
rain
chanin; béia
sente-se!
sit down!
roiábe
deite fora! (?)
throw it away! (?)
bója
These wordlists are also reproduced in Ihering (1903).[14]
^abIhering, H. von.A ethnographia do Brazil meridional. Extracto de lasActas del XVII° Congreso Internacional de Americanistas, pág. 250 y siguientes. Buenos Aires: Imprenta de Coni Hermanos, 1912.
^Lyle Campbell, 1997.American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. Oxford: Oxford University Press.ISBN0195094271
† indicates anextinct language,italics indicates independent status of a language,bold indicates that a language family has at least 6 members, * indicates moribund status
