Oscar Brown Jr. | |
|---|---|
 Brown performing on theCBS public affairs TV showLook Up and Live, 1965 | |
| Born | (1926-10-10)October 10, 1926 Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Died | May 29, 2005(2005-05-29) (aged 78) Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
| Occupations |
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| Years active | 1960–2005 |
| Children |
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| Parent | |
| Family | Grant Wilson Baker (musician) |
| Musical career | |
| Genres | Jazz |
| Instrument | Vocals |
| Labels | |
Musical artist | |
Oscar Brown Jr. (October 10, 1926 – May 29, 2005) was an American singer, songwriter, playwright, poet, actor, andcivil rights activist (Brown was African-American). Aside from his career, Brown ran unsuccessfully for office in both theIllinoisstate legislature and theU.S. Congress. Brown wrote many songs (125 have been published), 12 albums, and more than a dozen musical plays.
Brown was born inChicago,Illinois,[1] to Helen (née Clark) andOscar Brown Sr., an attorney[1] and real estate broker. His acting debut came on the Chicago radio showSecret City at the age of 15.[1] After graduating fromEnglewood High School, Brown attended first theUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison and thenLincoln University in Pennsylvania, but he dropped out of college and never returned.[2]
During Brown's twenties, he worked as the "world's first Black newscaster" forNegro Newsfront, a Chicago radio program that he co-produced withVernon Jarrett.[3] He worked briefly in real estate andpublic relations before running for political offices: for the Illinois Legislature in 1948 through the Progressive Party, and for the U. S. House of Representatives as a Republican in 1952. During this period, 1946 to 1956, he was a member of theCommunist Party USA; he quit when he decided that he was "just too black to be red". Later he served two years in the U. S. Army.[4]
Brown was a contributor to the weeklyWMAQ Chicago radio seriesDestination Freedom (written byRichard Durham) both during its early years (1948–1949) and in the 1950 revival.[5]
Brown's father intended for him to follow in his footsteps and become a practicing lawyer.[6] While Brown did help his father at his practice, he ventured off into other careers such as advertising and served in the US Army in the mid-1950s. He also wrote songs.
In the early 1950s, Brown was hired as a copy-writer[1] by a small Chicago advertising company on Rush Street, Gershuny and Associates, owned by Sam Gershuny and Sheldon Sosna. At that time, Rush Street was totally segregated, and Sam and Shelly took him to Adolf's, an upscale Italian restaurant. As soon as they walked in, the owner sent a busboy to inform that the boss "did not want to serve Negroes in his restaurant". However, they refused to leave until he finally decided to serve them. They repeated this activity in many restaurants on Rush Street. A fraternity brother of Gershuny and Sosna owned a string of hotels and approached them about advertising his hotels, by sponsoring two hours of the news in the morning on a black radio station. They decided to make Oscar Brown Jr. thedisc jockey for the segment, from 5:30 to 7:30 in the morning. Unfortunately, they discovered Oscar not arriving on time. Also, Brown would make politically controversial comments about the on-goingKorean War. As a result, he was released from the job.
WhenMahalia Jackson recorded one of his songs, "Brown Baby", he began to focus on a career as a songwriter.[1] His first major contribution to a recorded work was a collaboration withMax Roach,We Insist! (1960),[6] which was an early record celebrating the black freedom movement in the United States.Columbia Records signed Brown as a solo artist, who was by now in his mid-thirties and married with five children.[7]
In January 1961, Brown released his first LP,Sin & Soul,[1] recorded from June 20 to October 23, 1960.[2] Printed on the cover of the album were personal reviews by well-known celebrities and jazz musicians of the time, includingSteve Allen, Lorraine Hansberry,Nat Hentoff, Dorothy Killgallen,Max Roach andNina Simone (Simone would later cover his "Work Song" and Steve Allen would later hire him for hisJazz Scene USA television program). The album is regarded as a "true classic"[8] for openly tackling the experiences of African Americans with songs such as "Bid 'Em In" and "Afro Blue".Sin & Soul is also significant because Brown took several popular jazz instrumentals and combined them with self-penned lyrics on songs such as "Dat Dere", "Afro Blue" and "Work Song".[1] This began a trend that would continue with several other major jazz vocalists. Several of the tracks fromSin & Soul were embraced by the 1960sMod movement, such as "Humdrum Blues",[9] "Work Song" andHerbie Hancock's, "Watermelon Man".[1]Sin & Soul was followed byBetween Heaven and Hell (1962).[1] The success ofSin & Soul meant that much more money was spent on production, andQuincy Jones andRalph Burns were bought in to handle the arrangements.
However, Brown was soon to fall down the pecking order at Columbia following a rearrangement of the management at the company. His third album was notable for the lack of any self-composed songs, and Columbia was having a hard time packaging him as an artist. They were unsure whether Brown was suited to middle-of-the-road/easy listening nightclubs or alternatively should be presented as a jazz artist. Brown was given much more creative freedom for his fourth album,Tells It Like It Is (1963), and he was back to his creative best, composing songs such as "The Snake",[1] which became aNorthern soul classic when it was covered byAl Wilson, and has featured on several adverts. Despite this return to form, and having been told by the new head of Columbia, that he was high on the company's priorities, his contract at Columbia was not renewed.
Brown attempted to mount a major musical stage show in New York City calledKicks & Co. in 1961.[1] HostDave Garroway turned over an entire broadcast of theToday show to Brown to perform numbers from the show and try to raise the necessary funds to launch it on the stage.Kicks & Co. is set on an all-African-American college campus in the American South during the early days of attempteddesegregation. The character Mr. Kicks is an emissary ofSatan, sent to try to derail these efforts in which the play's protagonist, Ernest Black, has become involved. This was the first of several theatrical endeavors by Brown, and like all of them, the public was not won over sufficiently to allow financial success, despite acclaim by some critics. His longest-running relative success, thanks to the participation ofMuhammad Ali, wasBuck White.[10] Another notable musical show,Joy, saw two incarnations (in 1966 and 1969) and again addressed social issues. Appearing with Brown were his wife, Jean Pace, and the Brazilian singer/accordionistSivuca.RCA released the original cast recording around 1970; it is long out of print. In 1962, Brown worked on the Westinghouse syndicated television programJazz Scene USA, produced bySteve Allen. Brown was the show's presenter and it featured a new musical guest each week.[11] Brown sang the theme for the 1970 drama seriesBird of the Iron Feather, the first all-Black televisionsoap opera.[12]
Brown was married to Jean Pace, the elder sister of actressJudy Pace. He was the father of seven children. His son Oscar "BoBo" Brown III was a bassist and musical arranger who died in a car crash in August 1996. His daughter,Maggie, is a singer. A Chicago musical review referred to the trio as "The First Family of Swing". They were joined by the youngest daughter, Africa Pace Brown, in an effort to popularize his music. Brown's first son, Napoleon "David" Brown, inspired the song "Brown Baby" and helped his father promotional appearances and business. The remaining family members consist of Donna Brown Kane, Joan Olivia Brown, and Iantha Brown Casen, who participated in some of her father's production.
On May 29, 2005, Oscar Brown died in his hometown of Chicago fromosteomyelitis at the age of 78.[13]
Brown founded the Oscar Brown Jr. H.I.P. Legacy Foundation to continue his humanitarian work. He participated in an anti-apartheid protest rally in Compton College in 1976.[14]
Brown wrote thevocalese lyrics to theDuke Pearson melody "Jeannine" as sung byEddie Jefferson on the albumThe Main Man recorded in October 1974[15] and covered byThe Manhattan Transfer on their 1984 albumBop Doo-Wopp. "Somebody Buy Me a Drink", a track fromSin & Soul, was covered byDavid Johansen and the Harry Smiths on their eponymous first album. "Hymn to Friday" fromBetween Heaven and Hell is played on jazz radio stations such asWDCB. PianistWynton Kelly recorded "Strongman" with his trio in the late 1950s.Nina Simone popularized Brown's lyrics to "Work Song", "Afro Blue", and "Bid 'Em In".[16]
Brown's lyrics to "Afro Blue" have been performed byDianne Reeves,Dee Dee Bridgewater, andLizz Wright. VocalistKarrin Allyson cited Brown as an inspiration and has performed his compositions on several of her albums. Brown was scheduled to contribute lyrics to Allyson's 2006 albumFootprints before his death; instead, she recorded his songs "A Tree and Me" and "But I Was Cool" as a tribute.[17]
Brown was the subject of a 2006 tribute album by cabaret singer Linda Kosut, entitled.Long As You're Living - The Songs & Poetry of Oscar Brown Jr.[18]
