Movatterモバイル変換

Osbornodon

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Genus of canid

Osbornodon Temporal range:Early Oligocene–Early Miocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Fossil skull cast ofO. iamonensis,Florida Museum of Natural History
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Family:	Canidae
Subfamily:	†Hesperocyoninae
Genus:	†Osbornodon Wang, 1994
Type species
†Osbornodon fricki
Species
See text

Approximate range ofOsbornodon based on fossil distribution

Osbornodon ("Osborn's tooth") is an extinct genus ofcanid that were endemic toNorth America and which lived from theOligocene to theEarly Miocene, 33.9—15.97Ma (AEO), existing for approximately18 million years.^[1] It was the last surviving genus of thehesperocyonine subfamily, the oldest subfamily of canids.^[2] The genus is named forHenry Fairfield Osborn.^[3]

Species

[edit]

Seven known species ofOsbornodon existed:

Osbornodon brachypusCope 1881
Osbornodon frickiWang 1994 (18 Ma)
Osbornodon iamonensisSellards 1916 (21 Ma)
Osbornodon renjieiWang 1994 (33 Ma)
Osbornodon sesnoniMacdonald 1967 (32 Ma)
Osbornodon scitulusHay 1924
Osbornodon wangiHayes 2000

The earlier species were about the size of a small fox, and had teeth suggesting an omnivorous orhypocarnivorous diet. Later species were larger and more actively predaceous. The last species,O. fricki, was about the size of a large wolf.^[2]

References

[edit]

^Paleobiology Database:Osbornodon.
^^a ^bWang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H. (2008).Dogs, Their Fossil Relatives and Evolutionary History. Columbia. p. 31.ISBN 978-0-231-13528-3.
^Wang, Xiaoming; Tedford, Richard H.; Antón, Mauricio (2010). "3. Diversity: Who is Who in the Dog Family".Dogs: their fossil relatives and evolutionary history. New York: Columbia University Press.ISBN 978-0-231-13529-0.

R. M. Nowak. 1991. Walker's Mammals of the World. Maryland, Johns Hopkins University Press (edited volume) II

ExtinctCanidae

KingdomAnimalia
PhylumChordata
ClassMammalia
Order:Carnivora
Suborder:Caniformia

Canidae

†Prohesperocyon

†Hesperocyoninae

Hesperocyon Mesocyon Cynodesmus Sunkahetanka Philotrox Enhydrocyon Paraenhydrocyon Caedocyon Ectopocynus
Osbornodon	O. brachypus O. fricki O. iamonensis O. renjiei O. sesnoni O. scitulus O. wangi

†Borophaginae

Phlaocyonini

Cynarctoides
Phlaocyon	P. achoros P. annectens P. latidens P. leucosteus P. mariae P. marslandensis P. minor P. multicuspus P. taylori P. yatkolai

Borophagini

Cynarctina

Paracynarctus
Cynarctus

Aelurodontina

Tomarctus
Aelurodon

Borophagina

Paratomarctus Carpocyon Protepicyon Epicyon
Borophagus	B. diversidens B. dudleyi B. hilli B. littoralis B. orc B. parvus B. pugnator B. secundus

Caninae	see below↓

Caninae

†Leptocyon
†Metalopex

Urocyon	†U. citrinus †U. galushai †U. minicephalus †U. progressus †U. webbi

Vulpini

†Ferrucyon †Prototocyon
Nyctereutes (raccoon dogs)	†N. abdeslami †N. donnezani †N. lockwoodi †N. megamastoides †N. sinensis †N. tingi †N. vinetorum
Vulpes (true foxes)	†V. hassani †V. odessana †V. praeglacialis †V. qiuzhudingi †V. riffautae †V. rooki †V. skinneri †V. stenognathus

Canini(true dogs)

†Canis gezi
†Nurocyon

Cerdocyonina
(zorro)

†Protocyon †Theriodictis
Speothos	†Pleistocene bush dog (S. pacivorus)
†Dusicyon	Falkland Islands wolf (D. australis) D. avus D. cultridens
Lycalopex (South American foxes)	†L. cultridens (?) †L. ensenadensis

Canina(wolf-like canids)	see below↓

Falkland Islands wolf (Dusicyon australis)

Canina(wolf-like canids)

Canina

†Eucyon	E. davisi E. debonisi E. ferox E. intrepidus E. khoikhoi E. kuta E. marinae E. minor E. monticinensis E. skinneri E. wokari E. zhoui
Lycaon	†L. magnus †L. sekowei
Dhole (Cuon alpinus)	†C. a. antiquus †C. a. caucasicus †European dhole (C. a. europaeus) †Tien Shan dhole (C. a. hesperius)

Canis

Coyote (C. latrans)	†Pleistocene coyote (C. l. orcutti)
Red wolf (C. rufus)	†Florida black wolf (C. r. floridanus) †Gregory's wolf (C. r. gregoryi)

Wolf (C. lupus)

†Prehistoric

†Recently
extinct

Sicilian wolf (C. l. cristaldii) Hokkaido wolf (C. l. hattai) Japanese wolf (C. l. hodophilax) Austro-Hungarian wolf
Synonymized underC. l. arctos:Bernard's wolf (C. l. bernardi)
Synonymized underC. l. occidentalis:Kenai Peninsula wolf (C. l. alces) Manitoba wolf (C. l. griseoalbus)
Synonymized underC. l. nubilus:Newfoundland wolf (C. l. beothucus) Cascade mountain wolf (C. l. fuscus) Mogollon mountain wolf (C. l. mogollonensis) Texas wolf (C. l. monstrabilis) Southern Rocky Mountain wolf (C. l. youngi)