| Osan Air Base | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NearPyeongtaek,Gyeonggi Province in South Korea | |||||||||
 US Air ForceF-16C Fighting Falcon andA-10A Thunderbolt II aircraft of the51st Fighter Wing flying over Osan Air Base in June 2009. | |||||||||
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| Site information | |||||||||
| Type | US/ROK Air Force base | ||||||||
| Operator | US Air Force Republic of Korea Air Force | ||||||||
| Controlled by | Pacific Air Forces (PACAF) Republic of Korea Air Force | ||||||||
| Condition | Operational | ||||||||
| Website | www | ||||||||
| Location | |||||||||
  Osan AB  Osan AB  Osan AB  Osan AB | |||||||||
| Coordinates | 37°05′26″N127°01′47″E / 37.09056°N 127.02972°E /37.09056; 127.02972 (Osan AB) | ||||||||
| Site history | |||||||||
| Built | 1951 (1951) (as Osan-Ni Air Base or K55) | ||||||||
| In use | 1951 – present | ||||||||
| Garrison information | |||||||||
| Current commander | Colonel Joshua Wood. | ||||||||
| Garrison | 51st Fighter Wing (Host) | ||||||||
| Airfield information | |||||||||
| Identifiers | IATA:OSN,ICAO:RKSO,WMO: 471220 | ||||||||
| Elevation | 12 metres (39 ft)AMSL | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Source:DAFIF[1][2] | |||||||||
Osan Air Base (IATA:OSN,ICAO:RKSO) (K-55;Korean:오산공군기지;Hanja:烏山空軍基地) is aUnited States Air Force (USAF) andRepublic of Korea Air Force (ROKAF) base located nearSongtan station in the city ofPyeongtaek,South Korea, 64 km (40 mi) south ofSeoul. Despite its name, Osan AB is not withinOsan City, which is 7.5 km (4.7 mi) to the north. The base is the home of the headquarters forSeventh Air Force,Pacific Air Forces'51st Fighter Wing, and a number of tenant units. The base is also the headquarters of theRepublic of Korea Air Force (ROKAF) Operations Command. Osan Air Base is also the departure and arrival point for U.S. government-contracted "Patriot Express" flights bringing service members and their family members to South Korea fromSeattle-Tacoma International Airport in theU.S. state ofWashington,Misawa Air Base andYokota Air Base inJapan.[3]
As the most forward deployed permanently based wing in the Air Force, and equipped with A-10 Thunderbolt IIs and F-16 Fighting Falcons (about 48 aircraft),[4] the 51st Fighter Wing is charged with executing combat operations, receiving follow-on forces and defending the base from attack. As the air component toUnited States Forces Korea and Combined Forces Command, 7th Air Force provides the command and control structures and personnel necessary to deliver precise, persistent, combined air and space power in defense of theRepublic of Korea.
Osan Air Base is one of two major U.S. Air Force installations operated by U.S. Forces Korea, the other beingKunsan Air Base.
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Osan Air Base is one of two major airfields operated by the USAF in the Republic of Korea and the only base on the peninsula entirely planned and built from scratch by Aviation Engineers (SCARWAF) units attached to the USAF during theKorean War.
In the spring of 1951, theKorean People's Army and ChinesePeople's Volunteer Army were driven back north of the38th parallel, and resulted in the return ofFifth Air Force tactical fighter units to peninsula. Aviation engineers, meanwhile, surveyed locations in South Korea to build an air base capable of supporting jet fighters. They decided upon the area southwest of Osan-Ni. Established in November 1951, the base originally was named Osan-Ni AB. The name "Osan-Ni" was chosen for practical reasons – it was the only village shown on most military maps of the time, and it was easy to pronounce.
The 839th Aviation Engineer Battalion began construction of base support facilities and infrastructure early in 1952. On July 9, 1952, the 839th, joined by the 840th and 841st Engineer battalions (Reserve engineer units called up for active duty, the 840th from Tennessee and the 841st from Florida), all part of the 934th Engineer Aviation Group, started work to lay the airfield's runway, taxiway and parking ramps. Monsoon rains, though, impeded initial efforts to fill the rice paddies and begin airfield construction. The delay forced engineers to work 24 hours a day, seven days a week beginning in August. They completed laying a 9,000-foot (2,700 m), 8-inch-thick (200 mm) concrete runway in2+1⁄2 months. With the taxiway also completed, and parking ramps nearing completion, the18th Fighter-Bomber Wing and one of itsF-51 Mustang combat squadrons arrived on December 26, 1952. With the wing's other two squadrons arriving shortly thereafter, the wing converted to theF-86F Sabre.
In February 1953, the 18th FBW began flying air superiority missions from Osan-Ni AB which continued through the remainder of the Korean War.
With theKorean Armistice Agreement signed on July 27, 1953, the 18th FBW remained at Osan-Ni AB for defensive purposes until November 1954. Meanwhile, plans called for HQ Fifth Air Force (Advance) to move fromSeoul National University toYongsan Garrison in Seoul. This plan was changed, and in January 1954, the headquarters relocated to Osan-Ni AB, and established the base as the major hub of operations for U.S. air power in South Korea.
As the Armistice took hold, the USAF redeployed all but one tactical fighter wing from the peninsula, and in November 1954, after Fifth Air Force relocated toTokyo, the 314th Air Division replaced its former advanced headquarters at Osan-Ni AB. The58th Fighter-Bomber Wing moved fromDaegu AB to Osan-Ni AB in March 1955, and became the only permanently assigned tactical fighter wing in South Korea. On September 18, 1956, the base was redesignated Osan AB, its current name.
In July 1958, the U.S. Air Force inactivated the 58th Fighter-Bomber Wing. At this time, the Eisenhower Administration promulgated a nuclear deterrence strategy. Osan AB thus became the main base of operations for air-to-groundMatador tactical missiles when the310th Tactical Missile Squadron and 58th Support Squadron were activated under the 58th Tactical Missile Group.
Concurrently, Fifth Air Force complemented this strategy by instituting rotational deployments of fighter aircraft units to Osan and Kunsan ABs from its Far East bases and the U.S. to bolster the defense of the South Korea as it steadily trained and equipped the ROKAF. Although the Matador missiles were relocated in 1962, fighter deployments continued throughout the 1960s.
Other than a major reconstruction of the runway in 1959, the base still retained its Korean War-vintage facilities and infrastructure. There was no money spent on improving the facilities. The U.S. focused onCuba due to theCuban Missile Crisis and on Europe as the most important part of theCold War. Korea was forgotten. On base the barracks were still the corrugated iron barracks of the Korean War and the base simply stagnated with the6314th Air Base Wing in charge of not only Osan, but also Kunsan as well. This condition changed modestly beginning in 1968.
Starting in September 1964, Osan AB was home to Det 4,36th Air Rescue Squadron of theMilitary Air Transport Service (MATS). The unit flew theHH-43B Huskies. Two HH-43Bs were assigned to Osan AB (aircraft 60-251 and 60-252) as of September 1964 under theAir Rescue Service (ARS) based in the Pacific Air Force (PACAF) region. Det 4, 36 ARS (MATS) became Det 9, Provisional Air Rescue Component (PARC) on 25 July 1965 and remained with this designator until 8 January 1966.
MATS was redesignated as theMilitary Airlift Command (MAC) in 1969 and in December 1969, the designator changed to Det 4, PARRC (MAC). The unit designator of Det 9, 41st Air Rescue and Recovery Wing (MAC) was also maintained from February 1969 through June 1970.
The North Korean seizure of theUSSPueblo on January 23, 1968, precipitated deployment of 1,000 Air Force personnel, on temporary duty status, to Osan AB in support ofOperation Combat Fox. Airmen stationed at bases in the US, and Asia (including South Vietnam) began arriving on January 25, within 48 hours of the attack. Many found that they would have temporary quarters in Korean War vintage tents in below zero weather conditions without cold weather clothing. The developing crisis underscored the importance of the installation at Osan, and led to the infusion of funds for improving existing facilities and the construction of new structures including aircraft shelters and control tower. Security was upgraded in support of the increased tactical operations at the base. From January to March, over 6,500,000 pounds of cargo was shipped by rail to Osan. Conventional munitions transported in converted coal cars, arrived 24 hours a day.
On 22 March the318th Fighter Interceptor Squadron deployed to Osan AB fromMcChord AFB,Washington. This marked the first time in history thatAerospace Defense Command (ADC)F-106 fighter interceptors had flown to a critical overseas area, using in-flight refueling along with tactical air units.
Although thePueblo crisis subsided with the crew's release on December 23, 1968, fighter unit deployments occurred on a regular basis. On April 15, 1969, the North Koreans again triggered a period of tension when itshot down a U.S. NavyEC-121 Warning Star flying in international airspace over theSea of Japan. F-106s from the95th Fighter Interceptor Squadron, deployed to Osan AB from 15 November 1969 – 1 May 1970. Attached toFifth Air Force ADVON, 15 November 1969 – 1 May 1970.
The response by the U.S. resulted in another increase of fighter forces on the peninsula, and eventually set the stage for return of permanently assigned fighter units to South Korea.
Throughout this period, the U.S. Air Force was deeply committed to theVietnam War.
At Osan, the major USAF units were 6145th Air Force Advisory Group acting as a training/logistical support unit to the ROKAF; the314th Air Division; and the 6314th Support Wing. The 611th Military Airlift Command Support Squadron (611th MASS) atKimpo Air Base would later move to Osan.
However, as the U.S. withdrew incrementally fromSouth Vietnam andThailand, Pacific Air Forces repositioned its force structure which led to substantial changes for the USAF in South Korea. On March 15, 1971, the 3rd Tactical Fighter Wing was activated at Kunsan AB. At Osan AB, PACAF activated the 51st Air Base Wing to assume host-unit responsibilities at Osan AB on November 1, 1971. Two weeks later, on November 13, 1971, the 3rd TFW's36th Tactical Fighter Squadron moved to Osan AB.
Total withdrawal of U.S. forces from South Vietnam by March 1973 resulted in another important change for Osan AB. On September 30, 1974, the 51st ABW was redesignated as the 51st Composite Wing (Tactical), and assigned the 36th TFS with itsF-4D/E Phantom IIs and the19th Tactical Air Support Squadron with itsOV-10As.
With Osan AB serving as the nucleus for more than 20 USAF activities in South Korea, it experienced a period of facility and infrastructure changes during the 1970s. Although many of the Korean War vintage structures remained, new dormitories were built, and a new headquarters complex completed in 1974 for the 314th AD and 51st CW(T) replaced 71Quonset huts that were destroyed by fire three years earlier. In 1979 and 1980, construction of on-base family housing and additional community-support facilities gave the base a sign of stability.
Establishment of the Combined Forces Command in 1978 further set the future of Osan AB. The evolving role of USAF's CFC mission in South Korea led to activation of Headquarters Seventh Air Force on September 8, 1986. It replaced the 314th AD as the U.S. Air Force component command.
Construction on Osan AB during the 1980s was dictated largely by mission changes and enhancements, and the threat from North Korea. Introduction of theF-16 Fighting Falcon in 1988 led to construction of hardened aircraft shelters, a new on-base munitions storage area, and upgrades to unaccompanied personnel housing.
The presence ofU-2 reconnaissance aircraft was classified until 1978, though the planes could be seen at takeoff and landing.
While the face of Osan AB slowly changed in replacing its 40-year-old Korean War-vintage structures, the base experienced a lengthy period with little or no military construction program projects. However, other funding sources allowed base officials to add community-type facilities. Arrival of the25th Fighter Squadron and itsA/OA-10s in October 1993 and twoMIM-104 Patriot batteries in May 1994 also necessitated some new construction. Other than these events, base officials primarily concentrated on improvements in facility protection due to the threat from North Korea's reliance on medium-rangeSCUD missiles. Annual runway repairs furthermore only attested to the aging of Osan AB as the base witnessed only modest changes in its structural appearance during the 1990s.
It was not until 1998 that HQ PACAF renewed emphasis on improving the base's support structure. Increasing infrastructure failures seriously detracted the 51st Fighter Wing from conducting its deterrence mission. HQ PACAF subsequently provided the base with funds under the "Fix Korea Initiative." More than $200 million was invested in upgrading or replacing the water, sewage and electrical distribution systems over the following six years. Additionally, mid- and long-range plans for the base foresaw a dramatic facelift of Osan AB that included new on-base family housing, new community-support facilities, and replacement of many industrial structures that supported the 51st FW mission.
As South Korea's military grew and matured into a formidable force by the late 1990s, political and military leaders from both countries reexamined the role of U.S. forces based on the peninsula. A major change in U.S. strategic policy coinciding with the9/11 terrorist attacks required a "transformation" of global U.S. military commitments and basing. The military had to adapt from a fixed, in-garrison-type force to a mobile, responsive force. For its part, U.S. Forces in Korea studied how technological advances in weaponry could mitigate a reduction in personnel while the ROK military forces carried out an increasing role to protect its sovereignty. The result of this effort led to the landmark agreement known as the Land Partnership Plan in 2002 and the Security Policy Initiative in 2003 between the U.S. and the South Korean governments. These decisions reflected a realignment in the roles and missions of USFK that forecast a significant reshaping and growth at Osan AB through 2011. The607th Combat Operations Squadron was dissolved.
In December 2009, South Korea'sJoongAng Daily newspaper reported that theRQ-170 Sentinel was to replace U-2s operating from Osan Air Base in 2010.[5]
In 2012, a bronze bust of GeneralJames Van Fleet's son, James Van Fleet Jr., was erected to honor all US Airmen who died during the Korean War. Van Fleet Jr. had died in 1952 during a bombing mission nearHaeju (now inNorth Korea).[6]
On December 1, 2014, a lockdown in the high school and middle school occurred as an active shooter drill went off.[7]
On May 28, 2015, the USAF said that as many as 22 people were inadvertently exposed toanthrax during a laboratory training exercise.[8]
In August 2025, US PresidentDonald Trump expressed interest in buying the base land rather than leasing it.[9]
Kunsan has provided support forF-51D Mustang,F-86 Sabre,F-84 Thunderjet,F-4 Phantom II,F-106 Delta Dart,OV-10 Bronco,A-10 Thunderbolt II, andF-16 Fighting Falcon operations.
Flying and notable non-flying units based at Osan Air Base.[10]
Units marked GSU are Geographically Separate Units, which although based at Osan, are subordinate to a parent unit based at another location.
Pacific Air Forces (PACAF)
| Air Combat Command (ACC)
Air Mobility Command (AMC)
United States Army[edit]US Army Pacific (USARPAC)
|
Most U.S. military members assigned to Osan AB serve a 1-year unaccompanied tour. If they elect to participate in theKorea Assignment Incentive Program, their tour is extended by one year, they receive a taxable bonus of $300 per month, but they lose the ability to have assignment preference due to a short tour and lose short tour credit. Roughly five percent of the military authorizations at Osan AB are designated as command-sponsored two-year accompanied tours, typically for senior ranking personnel and/or jobs which requires a tour longer than 12 months, due to military necessity. If an individual is placed in one they may bring their families at government expense. Housing on-base, even for command sponsored families, is still limited despite an aggressive family housing construction program. Those authorized to live off-base will receive anoverseas housing allowance. There is an elementary school, named Osan American Elementary School; a middle school, named Osan Middle School as well as high school, known as Osan American High School the middle and high school are now conjoined). These schools are for command-sponsored children of military members. Contractors (even command sponsored) should be prepared to pay upwards of $25,000 a year for this privilege.
Some families choose to come without command sponsorship; these family members may use the facilities (including schools) on a space available basis. If family members come, they will be able to receive the local OHA rate, whether or not the servicemember makes the list to move off base and regardless of rank. The government will not pay for their transportation to Korea, in most cases.
Under normal circumstances, unaccompanied airmen live in one of the manydormitories on-base and eat in the dining facility, thereby receiving a meal deduction from their basic allowance for subsistence. Airmen receivecost of living adjustments (COLA) if living off base, and partial COLA if living in the dorms, which varies by rank, living situation, and dependents.E-5s and above may live off-base if NCO or officer dormitory space is not available; in some cases this has also been extended to higher ranking junior enlisted airmen (E-4s), depending on dormitory occupancy availability and policies in place at the time. The compact nature of Osan AB lends itself to walking and bicycling.
For single and unaccompanied airmen, one of the attractions of a one-year assignment to Osan AB is the opportunity to follow their Osan tour with an assignment at the base of their choice, called a "follow-on assignment." If a position is open at the desired location, unaccompanied airmen in Korea (or other unaccompanied locations) have priority over other airmen in filling that position. This benefit is not available to those serving accompanied tours with family, or to those who extend their tours; those airmen must use the normal assignment selection process for their next assignment.
There are many bars and clubs off base, mostly in the Shinjang-dong district and many base members spend much leisure time at them. If the bars do not abide by certain standards, the Osan Military Beverage Control Board may place them off limits to military members. This is usually done when the bar is involved in certain unlawful activities, particularly prostitution.
Town Patrol,[11] a section of the 51st Security Forces Squadron, patrols the area immediately outside the base alongside aKorean Augmentation To the United States Army and in cooperation with theKorean National Police, to ensure the safety of military members and enforce military law and regulations upon U.S. military members.[12] On July 5, 2012, however, the Town Patrol caused a controversy by handcuffing three Pyeongtaek citizens in a dispute over illegal parking near the base.[13] After inciting protests from civic groups, three members of the Osan Town Patrol were suspended from their duties,Gen. James D. Thurman, Commander of USFK, made a public apology for the incident.[14]
All facilities acceptUS dollars and some acceptSouth Korean won; AAFES BX/Shoppettes and theDECACommissary are the two notable exceptions that will only accept US dollars. With the exception of theUS Post Office, pennies (1 cent pieces) are not circulated. All transactions are rounded up or down to the nearest nickel when giving change.
In the BX Mall | At the Clubs (There are two enlisted clubs:
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Department of Defense Education Activity (DoDEA) facilities include:
Osan Air Base is prominently featured in the 2011 military thrillerThunder in the Morning Calm byDon Brown.[17] The Osan AB is also mentioned inThe Interview (2014).
This article incorporatespublic domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency
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