Osaka is the capital and largest city of Osaka Prefecture, and thethird-largest city in Japan, with other major cities includingSakai,Higashiōsaka, andHirakata.[4] Osaka Prefecture is located on the western coast of theKii Peninsula, forming the western is open toOsaka Bay. Osaka Prefecture is the third-most-populous prefecture, but by geographic area the second-smallest; at 4,600 inhabitants per square kilometre (12,000/sq mi) it is the second-mostdensely populated, below onlyTokyo. Osaka Prefecture is one of Japan's two "urban prefectures" using the designationfu (府) rather than the standardken for prefectures, along with Kyoto Prefecture. Osaka Prefecture forms the center of theKeihanshin metropolitan area, the second-most-populatedurban region in Japan after theGreater Tokyo area and one of the world's most productive regions byGDP.
Prior to the Meiji Restoration, the modern-day area of Osaka Prefecture was split betweenKawachi,Izumi,[6][7] andSettsu provinces.[8]
Osaka Prefecture was created on June 21, 1868, at the very beginning of theMeiji era.[9] During the instigation ofFuhanken Sanchisei in 1868, the prefecture received its suffixfu, designating it as a prefecture.
On September 1, 1956, the city ofOsaka was promoted to acity designated by government ordinance and thereby divided into 24wards.[10]Sakai became the second city in the prefecture to be promoted to a city designated by government ordinance on April 1, 2006, and was divided into seven wards.[11]
In 2000,Fusae Ota became Japan's first female governor when she replacedKnock Yokoyama, who resigned after prosecution forsexual harassment.[12]Tōru Hashimoto, previously famous as a counselor on television, was elected in 2008 at the age of 38, becoming the youngest governor in Japan.[13]
On June 18, 2018, anearthquake struck the northern region of the prefecture. It killed 4 people and caused minor damage acrossGreater Osaka.[14]
In 2010, theOsaka Restoration Association was created with backing by Governor Tōru Hashimoto, with hopes of reforming Osaka Prefecture into the Osaka Metropolis and merging with the City of Osaka.[13] In the 2011 local elections, the association was able to win the majority of the prefectural seats and Hashimoto was elected as mayor of Osaka.
Areferendum on the issue was held in 2015 and was defeated with 50.38% of voters opposed to the plan.[13] A second referendum in 2020 was rejected by 50.6% of voters.[15]
Osaka Prefecture neighbors the prefectures ofHyōgo andKyoto in the north,Nara in the east andWakayama in the south. TheYodo and Yamato Rivers flow through the prefecture.
Prior to the construction ofKansai International Airport, Osaka was the smallest prefecture in Japan. The artificial island on which the airport was built added enough area to make it slightly larger thanKagawa Prefecture.[16][17]
After the modern reactivation ofdistricts in 1878/79, Osaka, includingSakai which was only merged into Osaka in 1881, consisted of 5 urban districts(-ku) and 27 rural districts(-gun), excluding 15 districts in Yamato Province which was later separated from Osaka asNara Prefecture in 1887. When the prefectures were subdivided into modern municipalities in 1889, the five urban districts were turned into two district-independent cities: Osaka City and Sakai City, and Osaka's [rural] districts were subdivided into 12 towns and 310 villages. After Osaka City had absorbed many surrounding municipalities in the interwar/Taishō period, the number of municipalities in Osaka had already dropped to 149 by 1953. The Great Shōwa mergers of the 1950s reduced the total to 47 by 1961, including 26 cities by then. The current total of 43 was reached during the Great Heisei mergers in 2005.
The gross prefecture product of Osaka for the fiscal year 2004 was ¥38.7 trillion, second after Tokyo with an increase of 0.9% from the previous year. This represented approximately 48% of the Kinki region. The per capita income was ¥3.0 million, seventh in the nation.[19] Commercial sales the same year was ¥60.1 trillion.[20]
Overshadowed by such globally renowned electronics giants asPanasonic andSharp, the other side of Osaka's economy can be characterized by its Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) activities. The number of SMEs based in Osaka in 2006 was 330,737, accounting for 99.6% of the total number of businesses in the prefecture.[21] While this proportion is similar to other prefectures (the average nationwide was 99.7%), the manufactured output of the SMEs amounted to 65.4% of the total within the prefecture, a rate significantly higher than Tokyo's 55.5%, orKanagawa's 38.4%.[22] One model from Osaka of serving the public interest and restimulating the regional economy, combined with industry-education cooperation efforts, is the Astro-Technology SOHLA,[23] with its artificial satellite project.[24] Having originally started from a gathering ofHigashiosaka based SMEs, Astro-Technology SOHLA has not only grown into a Kansai region-wide group but has also won support from the government, through technology and material support from Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA),[25] and financial support from NEDO.[26][27]
TheOsaka Securities Exchange, specializing in derivatives such as Nikkei 225 Futures, is based in Osaka.
There are many electrical, chemical, pharmaceutical, heavy industry, food, and housing companies in Osaka Prefecture.
According to the 2005 Population Census of Japan, Osaka prefecture has a population of 8,817,166, an increase of 12,085, or 0.14%, since the Census of year 2000.[28]
As of 2022 this prefecture has about 93,000ethnic Korean persons, the largest such population of any prefecture in Japan.[29]Osaka City. As of 2013 most ethnic Korean children attend ordinary Japanese public schools, although some Korean schools operated by theChongryon and classes for ethnic Koreans had opened in the prefecture. During theJapanese rule of Korea many ethnic Koreans came to the Osaka area to look for work. Many people fromJeju came to the Osaka area after a 1922 ferry line between Osaka and Jeju opened. DuringWorld War II Japanese authorities forced additional ethnic Koreans to move to the Osaka area.[30]
Public elementary and junior high schools in the prefecture are operated by the municipalities. Public high schools are operated by theOsaka Prefectural Board of Education.
The fourlicense plates in Osaka: 大阪 (Ōsaka) in Northern Osaka なにわ (Naniwa) in Osaka City, namedNaniwa as Imperial capital in antiquity 和泉 (Izumi) in Southern Osaka≈Izumi Province+Southern Kawachi 堺 (Sakai) in Sakai City
The symbol of Osaka Prefecture, called thesennari byōtan or "thousand gourds", was originally the crest ofToyotomi Hideyoshi, the feudal lord ofOsaka Castle.
^"Japan Advertising Council". Archived fromthe original on 2007-03-01. Retrieved2007-03-14. For details on the campaign featuring SOHLA, navigate through the Japanese page to the 2003 campaign listing, at entry "東大阪の人工衛星" (Higashiosaka's Satellite)[1]Archived 2007-03-12 at theWayback Machine
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