| Orioles | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Black-naped oriole (Oriolus chinensis) | |
Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Order: | Passeriformes |
| Family: | Oriolidae |
| Genus: | Oriolus Linnaeus, 1766 |
| Type species | |
| Oriolus galbula[1] Linnaeus, 1766 | |
| Synonyms | |
| |
Orioles are colourfulOld Worldpasserine birds in thegenusOriolus, thetype genus of thecorvoideanfamilyOriolidae. They are not closely related to theNew World orioles, which areicterids (family Icteridae) that belong to thesuperfamilyPasseroidea.
The genusOriolus was erected in 1766 by the Swedish naturalistCarl Linnaeus in the12th edition of hisSystema Naturae.[2] Thetype species is, bytautonomy,Oriolus galbula Linnaeus, 1766. This is ajunior synonym ofCoracias oriolus Linnaeus, 1758, theEurasian golden oriole.[3] In 1760, French ornithologistMathurin Jacques Brisson in hisOrnithologie usedOriolus as a subdivision of the genusTurdus,[4] but theInternational Commission on Zoological Nomenclature ruled in 1955 that "Oriolus Brisson, 1760" should be suppressed.[5] Linnaeus added more than a dozen additional genera when he updated his 10th edition, but he generally based new genera on those that had been introduced by Brisson in hisOrnithologie.Oriolus is now the only genus for which Linnaeus's 12th edition is cited as the original publication.[6][7] The name is derived from the old French wordoriol, which is echoic in origin, derived from the call of the bird,[8] but some authors have suggested origins in classical Latinaureolus meaning "golden". Various forms of "oriole" have existed inRomance languages since the 12th and 13th centuries.[9]
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| Relatedness of species within the genus: Two forms that have not been included in the sequencing and analysis areO. crassirostris, which is expected to be close toO. brachyrhynchus, andO. tenuirostris, which is expected to be close toO. diffusus[10] |
The genus contains 32species:[7]
| Image | Common Name | Scientific name | Distribution |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brown oriole | Oriolus szalayi | New Guinea | |
| Dusky-brown oriole | Oriolus phaeochromus | North Maluku | |
| Grey-collared oriole | Oriolus forsteni | Seram | |
| Black-eared oriole | Oriolus bouroensis | Buru Island | |
| Tanimbar oriole | Oriolus decipiens | Tanimbar Islands | |
| Timor oriole | Oriolus melanotis | Timor, Rote and Semau Islands | |
| Wetar oriole | Oriolus finschi | Wetar and Atauro Islands | |
 | Olive-backed oriole | Oriolus sagittatus | eastern Australia and south-central New Guinea. |
 | Green oriole | Oriolus flavocinctus | Australia and New Guinea |
 | Dark-throated oriole | Oriolus xanthonotus | Southeast Asia through Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Bangka, Java and southwestern Borneo |
| Ventriloquial oriole | Oriolus consobrinus | Borneo and the Philippines | |
| Philippine oriole | Oriolus steerii | the Philippines | |
| White-lored oriole | Oriolus albiloris | Luzon Island (the Philippines) | |
| Isabela oriole | Oriolus isabellae | Luzon | |
 | Eurasian golden oriole | Oriolus oriolus | Europe and western Asia, and spends the winter season in central and southern Africa |
 | Indian golden oriole | Oriolus kundoo | Indian subcontinent and Central Asia |
.jpg) | African golden oriole | Oriolus auratus | Africa south of the Sahara desert |
.jpg) | Slender-billed oriole | Oriolus tenuirostris | eastern Himalayas to Southeast Asia |
 | Black-naped oriole | Oriolus chinensis | eastern Siberia, Ussuriland, northeastern China, Korea and northern Vietnam |
 | Green-headed oriole | Oriolus chlorocephalus | eastern Africa |
| São Tomé oriole | Oriolus crassirostris | island of São Tomé | |
_(cropped).jpg) | Western oriole | Oriolus brachyrynchus | African tropical rainforest |
| Ethiopian oriole | Oriolus monacha | north-eastern Africa | |
| Mountain oriole | Oriolus percivali | Albertine Rift montane forests, Uganda and Kenya | |
 | Black-headed oriole | Oriolus larvatus | Africa |
| Black-winged oriole | Oriolus nigripennis | African tropical rainforest | |
 | Black-hooded oriole | Oriolus xanthornus | tropical southern Asia from India and Sri Lanka east to Indonesia |
| Black oriole | Oriolus hosii | Sarawak in Borneo | |
.jpg) | Black-and-crimson oriole | Oriolus consanguineus | Indonesia and Malaysia |
| Javan oriole | Oriolus cruentus | Indonesia | |
_-_cropped.jpg) | Maroon oriole | Oriolus traillii | Southeast Asia |
.jpg) | Silver oriole | Oriolus mellianus | southern China and winters in mainland Southeast Asia |
Formerly, some authorities also considered these species (or subspecies) as species within the genusOriolus:
The orioles are a mainlytropical group, although one species, the Eurasian golden oriole, breeds intemperate regions.
