Breathing mask that covers the mouth and the nose only
BIBS mask for oxygen provision in a hyperbaric chamberSealing to the front of the lower jaw
Anorinasal mask,oro-nasal mask ororal-nasal mask[1] is abreathing mask that covers the mouth and the nose only. It may be a complete independent item, as anoxygen mask, or on someanaesthetic apparatuses, or it may be fitted as a component inside afullface mask onunderwater breathing apparatus, agas mask or an industrialrespirator to reduce the amount ofdead space. It may be designed for its lower edge to seal on the front of the lower jaw or to go under the chin.
An orinasal mask may carry afilter for ambient air, or be supplied from a user-carried breathing gas supply or a remote gas supply using a supply hose.Another application is the resuscitationpocket mask, which is used as aninfection barrier between the rescuer and a non-breathing casualty forexpired air resuscitation.
Simple orinasal face mask for oxygen therapy at normal atmospheric pressureCPR pocket maskBag valve mask. Part 1 is the flexible mask to seal over the patients face, part 2 has a filter and valve to prevent backflow into the bag itself (prevents patient deprivation and bag contamination) and part 3 is the soft bag element which is squeezed to expel air to the patient
Hyperbaric oxygen provision: Thebuilt-in breathing systems (BIBS) used for providing oxygen fortreatment andaccelerated decompression inhyperbaric chambers usually uses an orinasal mask fitted with supply and exhaustregulators, that effectively isolate the high oxygen concentration breathing gas supply from the lower oxygen concentration chamber atmosphere to reduce the fire risk associated with high partial pressures of oxygen.[1][2]
Industrial particulate removal: Adust mask is a flexible pad held over the nose and mouth by elastic or rubber straps to protect against dusts encountered during construction or cleaning activities, such as dusts from drywall, brick, wood, fiberglass, silica (from ceramic or glass production), or sweeping. A dust mask can also be worn to protect against allergens.
Industrial gas and vapour removal: An air purifyingrespirator is a device designed to protect the wearer from inhaling hazardous atmospheres, including particulate matter such as dusts and airborne microorganisms, and hazardous fumes, vapours and gases by filtering a contaminated atmosphere.
Anaesthesia masks: Ananaesthetic machine is a medical device used to generate and mix a fresh gas flow of medical gases and inhalational anaesthetic agents for the purpose of inducing and maintaining anaesthesia. For some applications an orinasal mask may be used to deliver the gas. The machine is commonly used together with a mechanical ventilator, breathing system, suction equipment, and patient monitoring devices.
CPRpocket masks: A pocket mask, or CPR mask, is a device used to safely deliver rescue breaths during a cardiac or respiratory arrest. The specific term "Pocket Mask" is the trademarked name for the product manufactured by Laerdal Medical AS.
Bag-valve resuscitation masks: Abag valve mask, manual resuscitator or self-inflating bag, is a hand-held device commonly used to providepositive pressure ventilation to patients who are not breathing or not breathing adequately. The device is a required part ofresuscitation kits for trained professionals in out-of-hospital settings (such asambulance crews) and is also frequently used inhospitals as part of standard equipment found on acrash cart, in emergency rooms or other critical care settings. One version is self-filling withair, although additionaloxygen can be added but is not necessary for the device to function.
Oxygen masks: An oxygen mask provides a method to transferbreathing oxygen gas from a storage tank to thelungs, usually for medical treatment. Several models are in use depending on how much oxygen is needed
Where an orinasal mask is used as an internal component of a fullface mask, helmet or hood, its function is generally to reduce dead space, allowing effective use of demand supplied gas or a breath driven rebreather loop. They are not necessary if the breathing gas supply is abundantly in excess of physiological requirements in a free-flow or powered rebreather loop. They also function to minimise contact of high humidity exhaled gas with the internal surfaces of the viewports, and thereby reduce condensation on the viewports in cold conditions, which adversely affects the user's view of the surroundings.[3][4][5]
Lightweight demand diving helmets andfull-face masks: The orinasal mask is a standard component on demand controlled underwater breathing apparatus using a large internal volume, as it is effective at reducing dead space.[5]
Military gas masks:Gas masks may use an orinasal mask inside to reduce dead space and fogging of the viewports.
Firefighting and rescue breathing apparatus:Self-contained breathing apparatus often uses a full-face mask to protect the user's eyes from smoke or other contaminants. The orinasal mask is also used to minimise dead space and fogging in this application.[3]
The construction of an orinasal mask depends on the application. In the most basic cases a disposable mask may be made of porous paper or non-woven fabric held in place by two elasticated webbing straps around the back of the head. For more critical applications and where re-use is intended, soft flexible polymers or elastomers are generally used for the seal. The straps may be synthetic rubber or elasticated woven webbing, and the frame may be moulded plastic, to which accessories such as filters and valves can be fitted. Orinasal masks which are fitted inside full-face masks or helmets are generally made of synthetic elastomers, commonly silicone rubber, and are often a replaceable item.
