Substance that increases appetite
Anorexigenic , orappetite stimulant , is adrug ,hormone , orcompound that increasesappetite and may inducehyperphagia . This can be amedication or a naturally occurringneuropeptide hormone, such asghrelin ,orexin orneuropeptide Y ,[ 1] [ 2] hunger and therefore enhancesfood consumption . Usually appetite enhancement is considered an undesirableside effect of certaindrugs as it leads to unwantedweight gain ,[ 3] [ 4] [ 5] cystic fibrosis ,anorexia ,old age ,cancer orAIDS .[ 6] [ 7] [ 8] [ 9] [ 10] tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs),tetracyclic antidepressants , natural or syntheticcannabinoids , first-generationantihistamines , mostantipsychotics and manysteroid hormones . In theUnited States , no hormone or drug has currently beenapproved by theFDA specifically as an orexigenic, with the exception ofdronabinol , which received approval forHIV/AIDS -inducedanorexia only.
List of orexigenics [ edit ] 5-HT2C receptor antagonists /inverse agonists —mirtazapine ,olanzapine ,quetiapine ,amitriptyline ,cyproheptadine ,lurasidone H1 receptor antagonists /inverse agonists —mirtazapine ,olanzapine ,quetiapine ,amitriptyline ,cyproheptadine ,pizotifen Dopamine antagonists —haloperidol ,chlorpromazine ,olanzapine ,risperidone ,quetiapine Adrenergic antagonists :Paradoxically,β-adrenergic agonists are also listed.[ 11] Notephedra /clenbuterol (which is anappetite suppressant ), butsalbutamol ,flerobuterol ,Zilpaterol , and related drugs.
α2Adrenergic agonists —clonidine CB1 receptor agonists (cannabinoids —THC/dronabinol (a component ofCannabis nabilone Corticosteroids —dexamethasone ,prednisone ,hydrocortisone Certainpregnene steroids —megestrol acetate ,medroxyprogesterone acetate Anabolic steroids —oxandrolone ,boldenone undecylenate ,testosterone Other steroids such asPrednisolone Sulfonylurea antidiabetic drugs such asglibenclamide ,chlorpropamide andtolbutamide Mood stabilizers such aslithium Some anti-epileptic drugs such asvalproate ,carbamazepine andgabapentin [ 12] α2 δVDCC ligands —gabapentin ,pregabalin [ 13] Ghrelin receptor agonists such asanamorelin ,GHRP-6 ,ibutamoren ,ipamorelin , andpralmorelin MC4 receptor antagonistsInsulin Sugars , such asfructose [ 14] Alcohol beverages[ 15] Benzodiazepines , such asdiazepam [ 16] ^ Diepvens K, Häberer D, Westerterp-Plantenga M (Mar 2008). "Different proteins and biopeptides differently affect satiety and anorexigenic/orexigenic hormones in healthy humans".Int J Obes (Lond) .32 (3):510– 8.doi :10.1038/sj.ijo.0803758 .PMID 18345020 . ^ Akimoto S, Miyasaka K (July 2010)."Age-associated changes of hunger-regulating peptides" .Geriatrics & Gerontology International . 10 Suppl 1: S107–19.doi :10.1111/j.1447-0594.2010.00587.x PMID 20590826 .S2CID 33227343 . ^ Purnell JQ, Weyer C (2003). "Weight effect of current and experimental drugs for diabetes mellitus: from promotion to alleviation of obesity".Treatments in Endocrinology .2 (1):33– 47.doi :10.2165/00024677-200302010-00004 .PMID 15871553 .S2CID 8088326 . ^ Hermansen K, Mortensen LS (2007). "Bodyweight changes associated with antihyperglycaemic agents in type 2 diabetes mellitus".Drug Safety .30 (12):1127– 42.doi :10.2165/00002018-200730120-00005 .PMID 18035865 .S2CID 19877584 . ^ Maayan L, Correll CU (July 2010)."Management of antipsychotic-related weight gain" .Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics .10 (7):1175– 200.doi :10.1586/ern.10.85 .PMC 3501406 PMID 20586697 . ^ Strasser F, Bruera ED (June 2002). "Update on anorexia and cachexia".Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America .16 (3):589– 617.doi :10.1016/s0889-8588(02)00011-4 .PMID 12170570 . ^ Nasr SZ, Drury D (March 2008)."use in cystic fibrosis" (PDF) .Pediatric Pulmonology .43 (3):209– 19.doi :10.1002/ppul.20766 .hdl :2027.42/57930 PMID 18219690 .S2CID 43667706 . ^ Morley JE (2007). "Weight loss in older persons: new therapeutic approaches".Current Pharmaceutical Design .13 (35):3637– 47.doi :10.2174/138161207782794149 .PMID 18220800 . ^ Fox CB, Treadway AK, Blaszczyk AT, Sleeper RB (April 2009). "Megestrol acetate and mirtazapine for the treatment of unplanned weight loss in the elderly".Pharmacotherapy .29 (4):383– 97.doi :10.1592/phco.29.4.383 .PMID 19323618 .S2CID 6695434 . ^ Holmes S (July 2009). "A difficult clinical problem: diagnosis, impact and clinical management of cachexia in palliative care".International Journal of Palliative Nursing .15 (7): 320,322– 6.doi :10.12968/ijpn.2009.15.7.43421 .PMID 19648846 . ^ Lang F, Perrier E, Pellet J. [Noradrenergic hypothesis in anorexia nervosa: prospective study using beta-stimulant therapy]. Ann Med Psychol (Paris). 1983;141(8):918-25. ^ Ness-Abramof R, Apovian CM (Aug 2005). "Drug-induced weight gain".Drugs of Today .41 (8):547– 55.doi :10.1358/dot.2005.41.8.893630 .PMID 16234878 .S2CID 34960274 . ^ LYRICA (pregabalin), CV. Full Prescribing Information, Section 5.7 (Weight Gain). Pfizer, Inc. Revised June, 2013.[1] ^ "Fructose Metabolism: Relation to Food Intake & Metabolic Dysfunction" .themedicalbiochemistrypage.org . Retrieved14 April 2018 .^ Caton SJ, Nolan LJ, Hetherington MM (2015). "Alcohol, Appetite and Loss of Restraint".Curr Obes Rep .4 (1):99– 105.doi :10.1007/s13679-014-0130-y .PMID 26627094 .S2CID 36018101 . ^ Cooper, S. J. (2005). "Palatability-dependent appetite and benzodiazepines: new directions from the pharmacology of GABA(A) receptor subtypes".Appetite .44 (2):133– 150.doi :10.1016/j.appet.2005.01.003 .PMID 15808888 .S2CID 1394424 .
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