| Overview | |
|---|---|
| Reporting mark | OSL |
| Locale | Idaho,Montana,Oregon,Utah &Wyoming |
| Dates of operation | April 14, 1881–1987 |
| Technical | |
| Track gauge | 4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)standard gauge |
| Length | 321 miles (517 km) |
TheOregon Short Line Railroad (reporting markOSL) was a railroad inWyoming,Idaho,Utah,Montana andOregon in the United States. The line was organized as theOregon Short Line Railway in 1881 as a subsidiary of theUnion Pacific Railway. The Union Pacific intended the line to be the shortest route ("the short line") from Wyoming to Oregon and thePacific Northwest. Construction was begun in 1881 atGranger, Wyoming, and completed in 1884 atHuntington, Oregon. In 1889 the line merged with theUtah & Northern Railway and a handful of smaller railroads to become theOregon Short Line and Utah Northern Railway. Following the bankruptcy of Union Pacific in 1897, the line was taken into receivership and reorganized as the Oregon Short Line Railroad ("OSL"). The OSL became a part of the Union Pacific System in the Harriman reorganization of 1898.[1]
The Oregon Short Line Railway was organized on April 14, 1881. The line started from the Union Pacific main line inGranger, Wyoming, and reachedMontpelier, Idaho, on August 5, 1882, and then toMcCammon, Idaho, in the Fall of 1882. Between McCammon andPocatello, Idaho, the line was shared with fellow Union Pacific subsidiary Utah & Northern's grade byadding a third rail to the3 ft (914 mm)narrow gauge track to accommodate the4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)standard gauge cars. The line from Pocatello to Huntington, Oregon, was completed in late 1884.[2] Access toPortland, Oregon, was on track leased from theOregon Railway and Navigation Company.[3]
The line was essential because the Union Pacific main line ended in Utah where it met theCentral Pacific Railroad, which by that time was part of theSouthern Pacific Railroad. The Southern Pacific had built tracks as far east asEl Paso, Texas, and would, in 1883, become a transcontinental railroad in its own right. The Southern Pacific then started routing traffic to the southern line, cutting off the Union Pacific, which needed other access to the Pacific coast. The Oregon Short Line also was meant to halt the OR&N's continued eastward expansion at the Idaho-Oregon border.[citation needed]
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On July 27, 1889, the Oregon Short Line Railway merged with Utah & Northern Railway and several other smaller railroads to form the Oregon Short Line and Utah Northern Railway. The corporate boards had voted for this in Boston. Those other companies in the merger included four in Utah (theUtah Central Railway, theUtah & Nevada Railway, the Salt Lake & Western Railway, and the Ogden & Syracuse Railway), one in Idaho (the Idaho Central Railway), and one in Nevada with a proposed line (the Nevada Pacific Railway).[4]
In 1890 the company finished converting the original Utah & Northern line from3 ft (914 mm)narrow gauge to4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm)standard gauge, a process that U&N had started as early as 1885. On October 13, 1893, the OSL&UN went into receivership with the rest of the Union Pacific holdings. The Oregon Short Line Railroad was incorporated in February 1897 and purchased the property of the OSL&UN later that month. On March 15, the OSL took possession of the line and started operating.
The OSL was independent for a short period of time until October 1898 when the newly reformed Union Pacific Railroad took control of a majority of the board of directors. During the early part of the 20th century the railroad publicized tours ofYellowstone National Park by way of a spur constructed fromIdaho Falls, Idaho, toWest Yellowstone, Montana.
In 1938, Union Pacific began consolidating operations and leased for operation a number of its subsidiaries including the Oregon Short Line. The railroad operated under the lease until December 30, 1987, when the OSL was fully merged into the Union Pacific Railroad.
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