Italian order
TheOrder of the Crown of Italy (Italian :Ordine della Corona d'Italia OCI ) was founded as a national order in 1868 by KingVittorio Emanuele II , to commemoratethe unification of Italy in 1861.[ 1] Order of Merit of Savoy and is still conferred on new knights by the current disputed head of the house,Emanuele Filiberto, Prince of Venice .
The order has been suppressed by law since thefoundation of the Republic in 1946. However,Umberto II did not abdicate his position asfons honorum [ 2]
The various degrees of the order, with corresponding ribbons, were as follows:
Ribbon Class (English) Class (Italian) Manner of wear Knight Grand Cross Cavaliere di Gran Croce decorati del Grande Cordone Badge on sash on right shoulder, plus star on left chest Grand Officer Grande Ufficiale dell'Ordine della Corona d'Italia Star on left chest Commander Commendatore dell'Ordine della Corona d'Italia Badge on necklet Officer Ufficiale dell'Ordine della Corona d'Italia Badge on ribbon with rosette on left chest Knight Cavaliere dell'Ordine della Corona d'Italia Badge on ribbon on left chest
Medals Kingdom of Italy Knight Officer Commander Grand Officer Knight Grand Cross Italian Republic and Savoy House Knight Officer Commander Grand Officer Knight Grand Cross
Members of the order have included:
Gregor Carl Georg Aminoff (1872-1934), Swedish chamberlainIsaac Artom (1829–1900), Italian writer diplomat, and politicianHarry Woodburn Blaylock (1878–1928), Canadian lawyer and businessman[ 3] Aaron Bradshaw Jr. (1894–1976),United States Army ;World War II , commandedanti-aircraft forces ofU.S. Fifth Army John Buchan (1875–1940), Scottish novelist and diplomatEsteban Campodónico (1866-1938), Italian-Peruvian medical doctor, university professor, and philanthropistVice Admiral Felice Napoleone Canevaro (1838–1926), Italian admiral and diplomatSydney Wentworth Carroll (1877-1958), theatrical producer, after production ofNapoleon: The Hundred Days , written byBenito Mussolini [ 4] [ 5] [ 6] Major-General Walter Clutterbuck (1894–1987),British Army ,World War II Admiral Angelo Ugo Conz [it ] (1871-1948),Italian Navy ,World War I , Italian Admiral and SenatorAdolf von Deines (1845–1911), Prussian diplomat andGeneral of the Cavalry Arthur Conan Doyle (1859–1930), Scottish statesman andSherlock Holmes authorCommander Sir Thomas Fisher , RN, British naval officer, managing director of the Canadian Pacific Steamship CompanyJames Whitelaw Hamilton (1860–1932), Scottish artist, member of theRoyal Scottish Academy William Ernest Powell Giles (1835–1897), Australian explorer and gamblerThomas Hanbury (1832–1907), English philanthropist and creator of theGiardini Botanici Hanbury Major General James Murray Robert Harrison DSO, CB (1880–1957),Royal Artillery ,British Army , in recognition of services on theItalian front duringWorld War I Inoue Kaoru (1836–1915), Japanese politician and a member of theGenrō Vice Admiral Jules James (1885–1957) Commander,U.S. Naval Forces, Mediterranean at the close of World War II, decorated by the lastKing of Italy ,Umberto II during his 34-day reign in 1946Rear Admiral Katō Hiroharu (1870–1939),Imperial Japanese Navy ; Grand Officer in 1920[ 7] Major General Clayton P. Kerr (1900–1977),United States Army general, World War II member of theAllied mission to the ItalianRoyal Army Edward King, Viscount Kingsborough, in recognition of his work in researching and compiling his'Antiquities of Mexico' Giovanni Marinelli (1879–1944),Italian Fascist politicianEugen Joseph Ferdinand von Malaisé (1835-1915) Major-General, Royal Bavarian Artillery.Major GeneralRobert A. McClure (1897–1957), father of U.S. ArmySpecial Operations , Director ofInformation and Media Control atSupreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) during World War II Brigadier General Billy Mitchell (1879–1936),United States Army air power advocateCesare Nava (1861–1933), Italian politicianŌkuma Shigenobu (1838–1922), Japanese politicianEdwin B. Parker (1868–1929), American lawyer and politician, member of theWar Industries Board and arbiter withGermany ,Austria , andHungary following World War I[ 8] Charles Poletti (1903–2002), American lawyer and politician,Governor of New York , andcolonel in the United States Army; served in Italy during World War IIJohn Rylands (1801–1888), English entrepreneur and philanthropistMost ReverendPietro Sfair (1888-1974), Titular Archbishop of Nisibis dei Maroniti and Council Father at theSecond Vatican Council Alfred T. Smith (1874–1939), U.S. Army brigadier general[ 9] Alexander William Stewart (1868–1933), Scottish naval architect, engineer, and inventorRear Admiral Yates Stirling Jr. (1872–1948),United States Navy sea power advocateGeneralSebastiano Visconti Prasca (1883–1961), Italian Royal Army William Verbeck [ 10] Giacomo Vuxani (1886–1964), Italian politician and patriotWakatsuki Reijirō (1866–1949), Japanese politicianBrigadier GeneralGeorge H. Weems ,United States Army ,World War II Major General Arthur R. Wilson (1894–1956),United States Army ,World War II , commanded Coastal Base Section inNaples Russell Wilson (1876–1946), four-term mayor ofCincinnati ,Ohio Yoshida Shigeru (1878–1967), Japanese diplomat, and politicianHoratio Herbert Kitchener (1850-1916), Field Marshal in theBritish Army MaharajaHari Singh (1895-1961) Princely StateJ&K Order of Merit of Savoy [ edit ] The Order of Merit of Savoy was founded byVittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples , on 23 January 1988, within the framework of theCivil Order of Savoy “. Current Grand Master isEmanuele Filiberto, Prince of Venice .[ 11]
The insignia are the same as those of the Civil Order, but with the whitevitreous enamel of the Order of the Crown. The ribbon is blue with a broad white centre stripe.
The order has the same classes as the Order of the Crown, additionally a Gold Cross of Merit and a Silver Cross of Merit is awarded below the Knight's cross.
[ edit ] As of the year 2000 there are/were 1453 recipients of the Order of Merit.[ 12]
^ Founded by Royal Decree No. 4251 of 20 February 1868, renewed by Royal Decree No. 4850 of 24 January 1869, Royal Magistral Decree of 17 November 1907 and Royal Decree No. 276 of 16 March 1911 ^ Ordini Cavallereschi del Regno d'Italia Archived 2006-05-07 at theWayback Machine Corpo della Nobiltà Italiana (retrieved 10 September 2009)^ Tremblay, Yves (2005)."BAYLOCK, HARRY WOODBURN" .Dictionary of Canadian Biography . Retrieved28 September 2018 . ^ Yorkshire Evening Post ^ Illustrated London News ^ Daily Herald ^ "Orders and Decorations, 1920" (in Japanese). p. 2.^ "Judge E. B. Parker, Debt Expert, Dies" .The Evening Star . 1929-10-30. p. 1. Retrieved2024-01-13 – viaNewspapers.com .^ "Brig. Gen. A. T. Smith Dies After Illness of Four Days" The Evening Star GenealogyBank.com .^ "WILLIAM VERBECK, EDUCATOR, IS DEAD; General and Former Commander of New York National Guard, Succumbs at 69.HEADED MANLIUS SCHOOL In 1927 He Was Made Commander of Crown of Italy--Received Citizenship by Legislative Act" .The New York Times . 1930-08-25.ISSN 0362-4331 . Retrieved2019-11-24 .^ "REGISTERS" .International Commission for Orders of Chivalry (in Italian). Retrieved2022-09-22 .^ "Zoppi, Count Vittorio, (23 Feb. 1898–6 May 1967), Knight Grand Cross Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana" Who Was Who , Oxford University Press, 2007-12-01,doi :10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.u48869 , retrieved2022-09-20
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