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Order of St. Andrew

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Highest award of Russia

This article is about the Russian order. For the Eastern Orthodox order, seeArchons of the Ecumenical Patriarchate.

Imperial Order of Saint Andrew the Apostle the First-Called Орден Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного

Awarded by Head of theHouse of Romanov
Type	Order of chivalry
Established	1698
Motto	За веру и верность (For Faith and Loyalty)
Status	Rarely constituted
Sovereign	Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna
Grand Master	Grand Duke George Mikhailovich
Grades	Knight^{[citation needed]}
Statistics
First induction	1698 (Count Fyodor Golovin)
Precedence
Next (higher)	None
Next (lower)	Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky Order of Saint Catherine
Ribbon of the order

Decoration with collar (left) and with sash and star (right)

Photographed by User:Jane023. Place taken:"Photo of exhibition "Juwelen!" at Hermitage Amsterdam, 17 January 2020" — Star of the Order of Saint Andrew with diamonds.

TheOrder of Saint Andrew the Apostle the First-Called (Russian:Орден Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного,romanized: Orden Svyatogo apostola Andreya Pervozvannogo) is the highestorder conferred by both theRussian Imperial Family (as anorder of chivalry) and by theRussian Federation (as astate order). Established as the first and highest order of chivalry of theRussian Tsardom and theRussian Empire in 1698, it was removed from the honours system under theUSSR before being re-established as the top Russian civil and military order in 1998.

Russian Empire

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Origins

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The Order was established in 1698 byTsar Peter the Great, in honour ofSaint Andrew, the firstapostle ofJesus andpatron saint of Russia. It was bestowed in a single class and was only awarded for the most outstanding civilian or military merit.

Peter learned of the practice of bestowing awards from his travels in the West during theGreat Embassy. In the past, service to the Russian state was rewarded with money or large estates. He witnessed first hand the awards ceremonies for England'sOrder of the Garter andAustria'sOrder of the Golden Fleece and noticed the loyalty and pride of the awardees^{[citation needed]}. It also saved the state land and money.

Count Fyodor Golovin was the first Knight of the order. Until theRussian Revolution of 1917, just over one thousand awards had been made. During the monarchy, Knights of the Order of St. Andrew also automatically were granted hereditary nobility and received theOrder of St. Alexander Nevsky, theOrder of the White Eagle, theOrder of Saint Anna and theOrder St. Stanislaus Knight Grand Cross. Moreover, recipients of lower ranks were automatically promoted to the rank oflieutenant general orvice admiral. The Order of Saint Andrew continues to be awarded by the Russian Imperial House in exile, with most recent investitures having been conferred in 2021. The first post-revolutionary presentation was toPrince Georgy Konstantinovich of Russia on attaining his dynastic majority in April 1923.^[1]^{[circular reference]}

Due to ablue riband^[ru] of the order, the French phraseCordon Bleu, initially associated withOrder of the Holy Spirit, also referred to knights St Andrew's order.^[2]^[3]

Insignia

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The insignia of the order consisted of:

Badge: an enameled crowned black double-headed eagle bearing a blue St. Andrew's Cross (saltire) with St. Andrew crucified upon it; on the arms of the saltire were the Latin letters 'SAPR' ('St. Andrew, Patron of Russia'). It was worn on a pale blue sash over the right shoulder, or on special occasions on an elaborate 'collar' (chain).
Star: eight-pointed silver star bearing a miniature of the badge on a golden background at the center, surrounded by the motto "For Faith and Loyalty" (Russian:За веру и верностьZa Veru i Vernost') on a blue ring. It was worn on the left chest.

The insignia of the order could be awarded "withdiamonds" as a special distinction.Saint Andrew's Cathedral inSaint Petersburg was the chapter church of thisorder of chivalry.

Knights

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List of notable Knights

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Russian Federation

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Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called Орден Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного

Awarded by the Russian Federation
Type	Military and Civilian Order
Established	1998 (reestablished)
Motto	За веру и верность "For Faith and Loyalty"
Eligibility	Prominent State and Public Figures
Awarded for	Outstanding Service to the State
Status	Active
Grades	Grand Cross with Collar
Precedence
Next (higher)	Hero of the Russian Federation
Next (lower)	Order of St. George
Ribbon of the order

An order with the same name but with different insignia and statutes was first unofficially re-established by theOrthodox Church of Russia on 27 December 1988. The order was officially re-instated as the highest Russian civilian and military award byPresidential Decree No.757 on 1 June 1998.^[4]^[5] The Order's award criteria were modified by Presidential Decree 1099 of 7 September 2010.^[6]^[7]

Statute of the Order

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The Order of St. Andrew the Apostle the First-Called is used to award prominent statesmen and public figures, eminent representatives of science, culture, the arts and various industries for exceptional services, for promoting the prosperity, grandeur and glory of Russia.^[8]

The Order may also be awarded to foreign heads of states for outstanding service to the Russian Federation.^[8]

Insignia

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The design of the insignia of the modern Order of St. Andrew has changed very little from the imperial design. It consists of:

a badge (double-headed eagle) attached to a chain (called a "collar") worn around the neck for very special circumstances, or more commonly on a 100 mm-wide blue sash worn over the right shoulder
a star worn on the left breast

The colour of the sash differs from the colour of the Imperial era, and resembles the shade of the sash of the BritishOrder of the Garter. Members of the military division of the Order have crossed swords added below the crown above the two eagles' heads. On the reverse of the eagle on a white ribbon the motto of the Order appears inscribed in gold letters: «За веру и верность» ("For faith and loyalty").^[8]

Select recipients:^[9]

Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow
PoetFazu Aliyeva
Heydar Aliyev,President of Azerbaijan
Opera singerIrina Arkhipova
PoetRasul Gamzatov
Mikhail Gorbachev,President of the Soviet Union
AuthorDaniil Granin
Dancer and choreographerYury Grigorovich
Gun designerMikhail Kalashnikov
Patriarch Kirill I of Moscow
Vyacheslav Lebedev,Chief Justice of Russia
Scholar of the Old Russian language and its literatureDmitry Likhachev
Alexander Lukashenko,President of Belarus
Valentina Matviyenko,Chairwoman of the Federation Council of Russia
FilmmakerNikita Mikhalkov
AuthorSergey Mikhalkov
Narendra Modi,Prime Minister of India
Nursultan Nazarbayev,President of Kazakhstan
ComposerAleksandra Pakhmutova
General surgeon, health minister of the Soviet UnionBoris Petrovsky
Mintimer Shaimiev,President of Tatarstan
Sergei Shoigu,Minister of Defence of Russia
Valery Shumakov, founding father of organ transplants in Russia
AuthorAleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Xi Jinping,President of China
Design engineerHerbert Yefremov
Valery Zorkin,President of the Constitutional Court of Russia
Lyudmila Zykina, nationalfolk singer ofRussia

References

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^ru:Пожалования титулов и орденов Российской империи после 1917 года
^Венчание русских государей на царство. Couronnement des souverains Russes.
^Jean-Henri Schnitzler. Secret History of the Court and Government of Russia Under the emperors Alexander and Nicholas
^"Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of June 1, 1998, No 442" (in Russian). Commission under the President of the Russian Federation on state awards. 15 December 1999. Archived fromthe original on 11 March 2012. Retrieved11 February 2012.
^"О восстановлении ордена Святого апостола Андрея Первозванного".pravo.gov.ru.
^"Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of September 7, 2010, No 1099" (in Russian). Russian Gazette. 7 September 2010. Retrieved11 February 2012.
^"О мерах по совершенствованию государственной наградной системы Российской Федерации".pravo.gov.ru.
^^a ^b ^c"Statute of the Order of St. Andrew the Apostle" (in Russian). Commission under the President of the Russian Federation on state awards. 15 December 1999. Retrieved11 February 2012.
^"Compiled from the site of the President of the Russian Federation" (in Russian). Kremlin News. Retrieved12 April 2019.

External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toOrder of St. Andrew.

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Orders	Order of St. Andrew Order of St. George "For Merit to the Fatherland" Order of St. Catherine Order of Gagarin "For Valiant Labor" Order of Alexander Nevsky Order of Suvorov Order of Ushakov Order of Zhukov Order of Kutuzov Order of Nakhimov Order of Courage Order "For Military Merit" Order "For Naval Merit" Order of Pirogov "For Merit in Culture and Art" Order of Honour Order of Friendship Order of Parental Glory
Decorations	Cross of St. George Decoration "For Beneficence" Badge of Distinction "For Mentoring" Decoration For Impeccable Service Guards Badge Academic graduation badge
Medals	"For Merit to the Fatherland" "For Courage" "For Bravery" Suvorov Ushakov Zhukov Nesterov Pushkin Defender of a Free Russia "For Distinction in the Protection of Public Order" "For Distinction in the Protection of the State Borders" "For Bravery in Firefighting" "For Life Saving" "For Work in Agriculture" "For the Development of Railways" "For Merit in the Development of Nuclear Industry" "For Merit in Space Exploration" Order of Parental Glory
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Presidential certificates	Presidential Certificate of Honour Presidential Certificate of Gratitude
Government certificates	Government Certificate of Honour Gratitude of the Government
Officially defunct dynastic orders	Order of Saint Catherine Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky Order of the White Eagle Order of Saint Vladimir Order of Saint Anna Order of Saint Nicholas the Wonderworker Order of Saint Anastasia Order of Saint Stanislaus Order of Saint Michael the Archangel (Insignia of Saint Olga)
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