| Operation Neretva '93 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of theCroat–Bosniak War | |||||||||
 The front lines in northern and central Herzegovina in late 1993 | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina |  Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
| Sefer HalilovićZulfikar AlišpagoEnver Buza | Miljenko LasićŽeljko Šiljeg | ||||||||
| Units involved | |||||||||
 HVO | |||||||||
| Strength | |||||||||
| 5,000[2]–7,000[3] soldiers | Unknown | ||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
| Around 60 Croat civilians, combatants and POWs | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
Operation Neretva '93 was anArmy of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) operation against theCroatian Defence Council (HVO) in September 1993 on a 200 km long front fromGornji Vakuf to south ofMostar, one of its largest of the year, during theCroat–Bosniak War. The ARBiH made limited gains in the area of northernHerzegovina and aroundMostar, but did not achieve a breakthrough to the southernNeretva, where the HVO retained control. The operation was halted in October. During the operation, dozens of Croat civilians were killed in theGrabovica andUzdol massacres.
After most ofGornji Vakuf was captured by theArmy of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) in August 1993, the fighting turned towardsProzor where theCroatian Defence Council (HVO) and the ARBiH fought during the previous months in nearby villages. Neither had full control of the area so both sides spent August and September in fighting along the hills and ridges near Prozor.[4]
In September 1993, the Bosnian Government mounted the Neretva Operation, one of its most complex efforts to date, against the HVO. Units from the1st,3rd,4th and6th Corps of the ARBiH were subordinated toSefer Halilović for the operation. The ARBiH troops launched coordinated attacks against HVO-held enclaves in theLašva Valley and on the entire confrontation line from south of Gornji Vakuf toJablanica, throughMostar and further southward to theBuna River.[4] Units of the 9th Brigade, the 10th Brigade and the 2nd Independent Battalion, all subordinated to the ARBiH 1st Corps, were sent fromSarajevo to the Jablanica sector.[5] In theVitez area, during a simultaneous attack from the north and south, at one point the ARBiH broke through HVO lines in Vitez, but were ultimately forced back.[4]
Between Prozor and Jablanica, the ARBiH pushed the confrontation line slightly to the west and advanced south toward Mostar after several days of fighting. The focus of the ARBiH attack was the HVO stronghold ofVrdi near theNeretva River in order to gain control of the northern and western approaches to Mostar. In September 1993, after an artillery bombardment of Vrdi, the ARBiH infantry unsuccessfully attacked it and HVO forces managed to repel the attack. In Mostar, the ARBiH and HVO forces had clashes in the city and its Bijelo Polje andRaštani suburbs. The ARBiH made some limited gains by attacking outward from the city in three directions. The HVO responded with artillery shelling on 23 September of the eastern part of the city, controlled by the ARBiH, and an ineffective counterattack on 24 September. The use of artillery by the ARBiH and HVO further damaged the city, but neither side made significant gains. After several days of negotiations, a cease-fire was agreed on 3 October.[4]
The Battle of Vrdi occurred during theBosniak-Croat conflict that broke out in thewar in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It took place between 14 September and 4 October 1993 during the Army of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina (ARBiH) Operation Neretva 93. While the initial ARBiH attack on the Croatian Defence Council (HVO) defenders of the village on 19 September was unsuccessful, a second assault on 4 October was more successful. The village remained on the confrontation line for the balance of the Bosniak-Croat conflict.[6][7]
During the night of 8/9 September, themassacre in Grabovica occurred when at least 33 Croat villagers in Grabovica were killed by members of the 9th Brigade and unidentified members of the ARBiH.[8] Three combatants, Nihad Vlahovljak, Haris Rajkić and Sead Karagić were convicted for taking part in the killings.[8] A few days later on 14 September, the ARBiH mounted an offensive east of Prozor. During this offensive theUzdol massacre occurred in the village ofUzdol. 70-100 Bosnian troops infiltrated past the HVO defense lines and reached the village. After capturing the HVO command post the troops went on a killing spree.[9] It was reported that 29 Croat civilians and one prisoner of war were killed by the Prozor Independent Battalion and members of the local police force.[4]
ARBiH commanderSefer Halilović was indicted byInternational Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia on the basis of superior criminal responsibility (Article 7(3) of the Statute of theTribunal) and charged with one count of violation of the laws and customs of war (Article 3 – murder), and found not guilty.[10]
The HVO retained control over the area around Prozor and secured its forces' rear in western Mostar. The ARBiH managed to secure ground between Jablanica and Vrdi and take control over the road from Grabovica throughPotoci andVrapčići into northeast Mostar.[11][12]
