| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|
| Afrikaans | Standard[4] | daar | [dɑːr]ⓘ | 'there' | The quality varies between open near-back unrounded[ɑ̟ː], open back unrounded[ɑː] and even open back rounded[ɒː].[4] SeeAfrikaans phonology |
| Äiwoo | kânongä | [kɑnoŋæ] | 'I want' | |
| Arabic | Standard[5] | طويل (ṭawīl) | [tˤɑˈwiːl]ⓘ | 'tall' | Allophone of long and short/a/ nearemphatic consonants, depending on the speaker's accent. SeeArabic phonology |
| Essaouira[6] | قال (qāl) | [qɑːl] | 'he said' | One of the possible realisations of/ā/.[6] |
| Armenian | Eastern[5] | հաց (hacʿ) | [hɑt͡sʰ] | 'bread' | |
| Bashkir | ҡаҙ (qađ) | [qɑð]ⓘ | 'goose' | |
| Catalan | Many dialects[7] | pal | [ˈpɑɫ] | 'stick' | Allophone of/a/ in contact with velar consonants.[7] SeeCatalan phonology |
| Some dialects[8][9] | mà | [ˈmɑ] | 'hand' | More central ([ä] or[ɐ̞]) in other dialects; fully front[a] in Majorcan Catalan.[9] SeeCatalan phonology |
| Majorcan andValencian (some speakers)[7] | lloc | [ˈʎ̟ɑk] | 'place' | Unrounded allophone of/ɔ/ in some accents.[7] It can be centralized. SeeCatalan phonology |
| SouthernValencian[10] | bou | [ˈbɑw] | 'bull' | Pronunciation of the vowel/ɔ/ before[w].[10] It can be centralized. SeeCatalan phonology |
| Chinese | Mandarin[11] | 棒 (bàng) | [pɑŋ˥˩]ⓘ | 'stick' | Allophone of/a/ before/ŋ/.[11] SeeStandard Chinese phonology |
| Dutch | Standard[12][13] | bad | [bɑt]ⓘ | 'bath' | Backness varies among dialects; in the Standard Northern accent it is fully back.[14][12] In the Standard Belgian accent it is raised and fronted to[ɑ̝̈].[13] SeeDutch phonology |
| Amsterdam[15] | aap | [ɑːp] | 'monkey' | Corresponds to[aː~äː] in standard Dutch. |
| Antwerp[16] |
| Utrecht[16] |
| The Hague[17] | nauw | [nɑː] | 'narrow' | Corresponds to[ʌu] in standard Dutch. |
| English | General American[18] | hot | [hɑt] | 'hot' | May be more front [ɑ̟ ~ä], especially in accents without thecot-caught merger.[clarification needed] SeeEnglish phonology |
| Cockney[19] | palm | [pɑːm] | 'palm' | Fully back. It can be more front[ɑ̟ː] instead. |
| GeneralSouth African[20] | Fully back. Broad varieties usually produce a rounded vowel [ɒː ~ɔː] instead, while Cultivated SAE prefers a more front vowel[ɑ̟ː~äː]. SeeSouth African English phonology |
Cultivated
South African[21] | [pɑ̟ːm] | Typicallymore front than cardinal[ɑ]. It may be as front as[äː] in some Cultivated South African and southern English speakers. SeeEnglish phonology andSouth African English phonology |
| Received Pronunciation[22] |
| Non-local Dublin[23] | back | [bɑq] | 'back' | Allophone of/a/ before velars for some speakers.[23] |
| Faroese | Some dialects[24] | vátur | [ˈvɑːtʊɹ] | 'wet' | Corresponds to/ɔɑ/ in standard language.[24] SeeFaroese phonology |
| French | Conservative Parisian[25][26] | pas | [pɑ] | 'not' | Contrasts with/a/, but many speakers have only one open vowel[ä].[27] SeeFrench phonology |
| Quebec[28] | pâte | [pɑːt]ⓘ | 'paste' | Contrasts with/a/.[28] SeeQuebec French phonology |
| Galician[29][30] | irmán | [iɾˈmɑŋ] | 'brother' | Allophone of/a/ in contact with velar consonants.[29][30] SeeGalician phonology |
| Georgian[31] | გუდა (guda) | [k̬ud̪ɑ] | 'leather bag' | Usually not fully back[ɑ], typically[ɑ̟] to[ä].[32] Sometimes transcribed as/a/. |
| German | Standard[33] | Gourmand | [ɡ̊ʊʁˈmɑ̃ː] | 'gourmand' | Nasalized; often realized as rounded[ɒ̃ː].[34] SeeStandard German phonology |
| Many speakers[35] | nah | [nɑː] | 'near' | Used by speakers in Northern Germany, East Central Germany, Franconia and Switzerland.[35] Also a part of the Standard Austrian accent.[36] More front in other accents. SeeStandard German phonology |
| Greek | Sfakian[37] | μπύρα (býra) | [ˈbirɑ] | "beer" | Corresponds to central[ä~ɐ] in Modern Standard Greek.[38][39] SeeModern Greek phonology |
| Hungarian | Some dialects[40] | magyar | [ˈmɑɟɑr] | 'Hungarian' | Weakly rounded[ɒ] in standard Hungarian.[41] SeeHungarian phonology |
| Inuit | West Greenlandic[42] | oqarpoq | [ɔˈqɑpːɔq̚] | 'he says' | Allophone of/a/ before and especially between uvulars.[42] SeeInuit phonology |
| Italian | Some Piedmont dialects | casa | [ˈkɑːzɑ] | 'house' | Allophone of/a/ which in Italian is largely realised as central[ä]. |
| Irish | Munster Dialect | áit | [ɑːtʲ] | 'place' | SeeIrish phonology |
| Kaingang[43] | ga | [ᵑɡɑ] | 'land, soil' | Varies between back[ɑ] and central[ɐ].[44] |
| Khmer | ស្ករ (skâr) | [skɑː] | 'sugar' | SeeKhmer phonology |
| Low German[45] | al /aal | [ɑːl] | 'all' | Backness may vary among dialects.[45] |
| Malay | Kedah[46] | mata | [ma.tɑ] | 'eye' | SeeMalay phonology |
| Kelantan-Pattani | Allophone of syllable-final /a/ in open-ended words and before /k/ and /h/ codas. SeeKelantan-Pattani Malay |
| Standard | qari | [qɑ.ri] | 'qari' | Found only in certain Arabic loanwords and used by speakers who know Arabic. Normally replaced by [ä]. SeeMalay phonology |
| Norwegian[47][48] | hat | [hɑːt] | 'hate' | The example word is fromUrban East Norwegian. Central[äː] in some other dialects.[47][48][49] SeeNorwegian phonology |
| Portuguese | SomeAzorean dialects | nada | [ˈnɑðɐ] | 'nothing' | SeePortuguese phonology |
| Paulista[50] | vegetal | [veʒeˈtɑw] | 'vegetable' | Only immediately before[w].[50] |
| Russian[51] | палка (palka) | [ˈpɑɫkə] | 'stick' | Occurs only before the hard/l/, but not when apalatalized consonant precedes. SeeRussian phonology |
| Scottish Gaelic | Lewis[52] | balach | [ˈpɑl̪ˠəx] | 'boy' | Allophone of[a] in proximity to broad sonorants. |
| Sema[53] | amqa | [à̠mqɑ̀] | 'lower back' | Possible realization of/a/ after uvular stops.[53] |
| Swedish | Some dialects | jag | [jɑːɡ] | 'I' | Weakly rounded[ɒ̜ː] in Central Standard Swedish.[54] SeeSwedish phonology |
| Turkish[55] | at | [ɑt̪]ⓘ | 'horse' | Also described as central[ä].[56] SeeTurkish phonology |
| Ukrainian[57] | мати (maty) | [ˈmɑtɪ] | 'mother' | SeeUkrainian phonology |
| Vietnamese | Some dialects inNorth Central andCentral | gà | [ɣɑ˨˩] | 'chicken' | SeeVietnamese phonology[58][59] |
| West Frisian | Standard[60] | lang | [ɫɑŋ] | 'long' | Also described as central[ä].[61] SeeWest Frisian phonology |
| Aastersk[62] | maat | [mɑːt] | 'mate' | Contrasts with a front/aː/.[62] SeeWest Frisian phonology |
