| Opel Commodore | |
|---|---|
 Opel Commodore A Coupé | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Opel (General Motors) |
| Production | 1967–1986 |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Executive car (E) |
| Platform | V body |
| Related | Holden Commodore |
| Chronology | |
| Successor | Opel Omega |
TheOpel Commodore is anexecutive car (E-segment) produced byOpel from 1967 to 1986. It is the six-cylinder variant of theRekord with styling differences. The Commodore nameplate was used by Opel from 1967 to 1982 inEurope and to 1986 inSouth Africa.[1] However, itsnameplate/lineage continued until 2020 with the AustralianHolden Commodore.[2] The last generation was sold in the United Kingdom primarily as theVauxhall Viceroy although Opel models were also sold.
| Commodore A | |
|---|---|
 1970 Opel Commodore A Coupé | |
| Overview | |
| Production | 1967–1971 |
| Assembly | Germany:Rüsselsheim |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 2-doorsaloon 4-doorsaloon 2-doorfastbackcoupé |
| Related | Opel Rekord C Chevrolet Opala Ranger |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 2.2 L-I6: 95 PS (70 kW; 94 hp) 2.5 L-I6: 115 PS (85 kW; 113 hp), 120 PS (88 kW; 118 hp) 130 PS (96 kW; 128 hp) 150 PS (110 kW; 148 hp) 2.8 L-I6: 145 PS (107 kW; 143 hp) |
| Transmission | 4-speed manual 2- or 3-speed-automatic |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,668 mm (105.0 in) |
| Length | 4,574 mm (180.1 in) |
| Width | 1,754 mm (69.1 in) |
| Height | 1,445 mm (56.9 in) |
| Curb weight | 1,130–1,270 kg (2,491.2–2,799.9 lb) |
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The Opel Commodore A was manufactured from 1967 to 1971, based on the Rekord C. After having offered a Rekord-6 powered by a 2.6 L 6-cylinder engine (which originated in theOpel Kapitän andAdmiral) since March 1964,[3] Opel in February 1967 launched the Commodore as a faster up-market version of theRekord. The Commodore was initially available with the known the 2.2-litre six and a larger 2.5 L engine developing 115 PS (85 kW) with a single carburettor. The 2239 cc engine with which the Commodore was launched shared its 82.5 x 69.8 mm cylinder dimensions with the four-cylinder 1492 cc Rekord engine on which it was based. The unit was first seen in the short-lived six-cylinder version of the Opel Rekord towards the end of 1966, but ceased to be offered in the Rekord after July 1967 when it became the entry level power unit for the newly introduced Opel Commodore. Body styles comprised a two-door or four-doornotchbacksaloon and a two-doorhardtop/fastbackcoupé. In September 1967 the sportyCommodore GS offering 130 PS (96 kW) from a dual-carburettor 2.5-litre six was introduced.
For the 1969 model year, the carryover 2.2-litre six was dropped and the optional 2-speed Powerglide automatic was abandoned in favor of Opel's new 3-speed automatic transmission.
From September 1969, the base 2.5 L-engine was pumped up to 120 PS (88 kW); at the same time, both remaining engines received hydraulic lifters for smoother running, a new exhaust system and six camshaft bearings. The handbrake lever was moved from its position under the dash to a location between the front seats and the fuel tank was enlarged from 55 to 70 litres.
An even more sporty model than the GS, theCommodore GS/E, debuted in March 1970. It had a 2.5 L engine equipped withBosch D-jetronicfuel injection system developing 150 PS (110 kW), which gave the car a top speed of 197 km/h (122 mph). The Commodore GS/E also had a career inmotorsports, with a car prepared bySteinmetz. In April 1970 a Commodore with a detuned and carburetted 2.8 L-six giving 145 PS (107 kW) followed (GS 2800).
156,330 Commodore As were built, including 2,574 GS and GS/E variants.
The Rekord C/Commodore A "V body" platform was used by GM to produce other models in many markets, these include theRanger sold in mainlandEurope and also inSouth Africa, as well as theGM Opala which was built and sold inSouth America from 1968 through to 1992. Ranger and Opala production commenced two years after the Commodore A's debut in 1966.
Today the name Commodore is a name synonymous with GMHolden of Australia. However, that wasn't always the case: The first-generation Holden Commodore actually is equivalent to thethird-generation Opel Commodore.
GS/E History
All engines for the Commodore were 12 valve, CIH straight-six engines ranging from 2.2 to 2.8 litres. All but one engine option had single-barrel (2.2) or double-barrel (2.5; 2.8) downdraught carburetor. in 1970 the GS/E model was introduced which as its badge implies did not utilise carburetors, the "E" meaningEinspritzung or fuel injection in English.
Opels didn't have the reputation for performance cars in the period and they had seen the positive impact on sales for other race winning manufacturers on having performance models in their range of cars. Opel wanted to be in this area of the market and the results of this desire was the Commodore GS/E.
The carburettors were ditched in favour of aBosch D-Jetronic, Bosch's first commercially produced electronic fuel injection system. Bosch D-Jetronic was a very early version of multi-point EFI, the “D” stood for “drucksensorgesteuert” (pressure sensor regulated). Unlike later Bosch fuel injection system, the injection was direct to the cylinder instead of via the Plenum inlets, which meant the a specific cylinder head was manufactured specifically for the engine, making this model unique and expensive to produce and purchase. Different from older mechanical injection systems, it incorporated taking input from the pressure inside the intake manifold. This is known as the Air Mass Sensor or in modern terms this would be known as the MAP-sensor (manifold absolute pressure), a part that's commonly found in more modern vehicles.
Bosch sold the patent to Japanese companies that continue to produce injection systems based on D-Jetronic.
D-Jetronic fuel injection was installed onto the 2.5 litre engine with the modified cylinder head, increasing power by 20 bhp (15 kW), making it more powerful than the larger 2.8 litre engine. The fuel injected engine, named 2500 E, now produced 150 hp (112 kW; 152 PS) at 5,800 rpm and 196 N⋅m (145 lbf⋅ft) of torque at 4,500 rpm with an unchanged compression ratio of 9.5:1. For comparison, the base modelPorsche 911T in 1970 had 25 PS (18 kW; 25 hp) less, but was more expensive[citation needed]. The GS/E could accelerate from 0–100 km/h (62 mph) in 9.5 seconds, a similar value to the same period Porsche 911.[citation needed] It could also reach a top speed of 192 km/h (119 mph).
The GS/E Coupe model is known affectionately as the "German Charger".[4]
| Commodore B | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Production |
|
| Assembly | Germany:Rüsselsheim Iran:Tehran (GM Iran) South Africa:Port Elizabeth (GMSA) |
| Designer | Chuck Jordan |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 4-doorsaloon 2-doorcoupé |
| Related | Opel Rekord D |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine |
|
| Transmission | |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,668 mm (105.0 in) |
| Length | 4,607 mm (181.4 in) |
| Width | 1,728 mm (68.0 in) |
| Height | 1,380–1,415 mm (54.3–55.7 in) |
| Curb weight | 1,210–1,305 kg (2,667.6–2,877.0 lb) |
The Commodore B was based on the Rekord D, and launched in 1972. As in the previous generation, four models were offered: 2500 S, 2500 GS, 2800 GS, and 2800 GS/E, as a four-doorsaloon and two-doorhardtopcoupé (although thefastback design was replaced by a more conventionalthree-box design). Power of the 2.5-litre engine was 115 or 130 PS (85 or 96 kW) depending on the specifications (25S/25H), while carburetted 2.8-liters had 130 or 142 PS (96 or 104 kW). The fuel injected 2.8 used in the GS/E has 160 PS (118 kW).
The Rekord and Commodore were also assembled asCKD kits inBelgium andSwitzerland in the 1970s. These cars carried the nameRanger and differed from the originals in having different grilles and trim. These cars were exported to various countries.
In 1974, due to new regulations regarding pollutant emissions, the 2.5-litre models were dropped and the 2.8 L models were detuned to 129 / 140 / 155 PS (95 / 103 / 114 kW). Commodore B production ended in 1977.
The Commodore B series was like the A series briefly used in motorsports, and the extreme "Jumbo" Commodore raced in the 1974 "interserie". It used a6.0-litre V8 engine and had large wings which almost made it unrecognizable as an Opel. It never enjoyed much success despite its massive powerplant and impressive output.
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Opel Commodores were also built inIran between 1974 and 1976 under the nameChevrolet Iran 2800, 2500, Royal and Custom with both 2.5 L and 2.8 L engines byPars Khodro (General Motors Iran).[5][6] The first Royale, also the first Chevrolet car built in Iran, left the production line on 15 January 1974. The Royale sold well initially, but the car had not been re-engineered for Iranian conditions and the low ground clearance coupled with carburettor troubles led to its reputation quickly being tarnished. The car was withdrawn by early 1977, replaced by the locally-built versions of theBuick Skylark,Chevrolet Nova, andCadillac Seville (American origins).[7]
It was also assembled in South Africa, where it was called theChevrolet 2500, 3800, and 4100, and was a top seller in that market. These received inline-four or -six engines of Chevrolet origins, built locally.
| Commodore C | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Also called | Chevrolet Commodore (South Africa) Vauxhall Viceroy (United Kingdom) |
| Production | 1978–1986 |
| Assembly | Germany:Rüsselsheim South Africa:Port Elizabeth (GMSA) |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 2/4-doorsaloon 5-doorestate |
| Related | |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine |
|
| Transmission |
|
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,668 mm (105.0 in) |
| Length | 4,732 mm (186.3 in) |
| Width | 1,722 mm (67.8 in) |
| Height | 1,415 mm (55.7 in) |
| Curb weight | 1,200–1,310 kg (2,646–2,888 lb) |
| Chronology | |
| Successor | Opel Omega A |
The Commodore C was first shown in late 1977, at the same time as the Rekord E. It only entered series production in October the following year, however. The South African version of this car, theChevrolet Commodore,[8] was actually ahead of the European original model to enter production, in September 1978.[9] The Commodore continued to be a larger and more luxurious version of the Rekord. There was nocoupé version of the Commodore C, as it was replaced by theOpel Monza, thecoupé version of theOpel Senator, but a two-doornotchbacksaloon was available until June 1981. The single engine used by the Commodore in Europe was the well-knownstraight-six 2.5-litre unit with 115 PS (85 kW; 113 hp) or 130 PS (96 kW; 128 hp) when fitted with fuel injection.
The Commodore C was never a success, occupying an uncomfortably narrow niche between the Rekord and Senator. Another concern was the fuel mileage, with a fuel injected Commodore taking considerably more fuel than the larger three-liter Senator.[10] The outdated engine also had little torque available at lower engine speeds, and was noisy.[11]
The new model featured a similar front end to the larger Senator. It was sold in the UK under the nameVauxhall Viceroy, with the Viceroy being a slightly more luxurious version of theCarlton. There was anestate version (dubbed the "Voyage" in Germany) offered in the Opel range from April 1981 until the end of production in 1982, which became a mainstay in theHolden range in Australia and was also available in the Chevrolet range in South Africa. It was never offered byVauxhall in the UK as a Viceroy, although a one-off estate car was built in 1981 forQueen Elizabeth II, for her to carry herCorgi dogs. The car still survives today, one of only 15 Vauxhall Viceroys left registered in the UK, as of 2006.[citation needed]
The Commodore was dropped byOpel in Europe in 1982. It was this model which the earlyHolden Commodore models were based on, introduced in late 1978, and eventually replaced (after several facelifts) in 1988, with theVN Commodore, a model based on the then-currentSenator andOmega models.[12]
It was the Opel Commodore and Vauxhall Viceroy that formed the basis for the firstHolden Commodore in Australia, and was sold inSouth Africa as theChevrolet Commodore until 1982, when it was rebadged as an Opel. The South African Commodore was introduced in July 1978, at the same time as the Rekord E went on sale there.[13] These originally hadChevrolet engines, pushrod inline-sixes of 3.8 or 4.1 liters.[14] Sold as a standard or a GL (with the 4.1 only available as a sedan with automatic transmission), the South African version replaced the earlierChevrolet 3800 and 4100, also based on the Commodore.[9]
However, in South Africa,General Motors South Africa (laterDelta) offered a revised version of the Commodore until 1986, again combining the bodyshell of the Rekord with the front end of the revised Senator.[15] It was also sold there with the same 3-litre inline-six, producing 180 PS (132 kW).[16]
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