Wensu County Onsu, Kona Shahr, Wensuh | |
|---|---|
 Aerial view of Wensu County in 2024 | |
.png) Location of Wensu County (red) within Aksu Prefecture (yellow) and Xinjiang | |
  Wensu County Location of the seat Show map of Xinjiang Wensu County Wensu County (China) Show map of China | |
| Coordinates:41°15′N80°14′E / 41.250°N 80.233°E /41.250; 80.233 | |
| Country | China |
| Autonomous region | Xinjiang |
| Prefecture | Aksu |
| County seat | Wensu Town |
| Area | |
• Total | 14,335.16 km2 (5,534.84 sq mi) |
| Population (2020)[1] | |
• Total | 266,002 |
| • Density | 18.5559/km2 (48.0596/sq mi) |
| Ethnic groups | |
| • Major ethnic groups | Uyghur[2] |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard[a]) |
| Postal code | 843100 |
| Website | www |
| Wensu County | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chinese name | |||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 温宿县 | ||||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 溫宿縣 | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
| Uyghur name | |||||||||||
| Uyghur | ئونسۇ ناھىيىسى | ||||||||||
| |||||||||||
Wensu County (Chinese:温宿县), also known asOnsu County[2][3][4][5][6] (Uyghur:ئونسۇ ناھىيىسى,romanized: Onsu Nahiyisi[7]), is a county in theXinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China, under the administration ofAksu Prefecture, bordering Kyrgyzstan'sIssyk-Kul Region to the northwest. It has an area of 14,309 km2 (5,525 sq mi).
The toponym Wensu (温宿) had appeared in historical records of theWestern Han Dynasty as one of the 36 states in theWestern Regions.[8][9] The name 'Onsu' means "ten rivers" in Uyghur and other Turkic languages.[10] The name is similar to that of the nearbyZhetysu region which means "seven rivers"- both names consist of a number followed by 'su' (river; water).[11] The name Aksu is Turkic for 'white water'.[12]
InUyghur, the county is called Aksu Konaxahar (阿克苏阔纳协海尔) meaning 'the old city of Aksu'.[13]
Wensu County was established in 1902.[14]
On May 29, 1958, Wensu County was eliminated and its territory made part of Aksu County. In 1962, Wensu County was restored.[15]
In aRadio Free Asia interview, a Han Chinese staffer in the Wensu County local government said that in July 2017, a policy to affixQR codes to all knives belonging to Uyghurs was being carried out.[16]
As of March 2018, every cadre in the county was required to spend eight days a month at the home of villagers.[17]
In the late 2010s, Wensu County was the site ofvocational education and training centers (also understood as deradicalization centers, re-education camps or concentration camps).[18][19] According to aRadio Free Asia interview with an officer at the Wensu county police station, as of August 2018, 30,000 persons, or about one in six Uyghurs in the county (approximately 16% of the overall population of the county), were detained in re-education camps.[2]
Wensu County administered 8towns, 4townships, and 1ethnic township.[20][21]
| Name | Simplified Chinese | Hanyu Pinyin | Uyghur (UEY) | Uyghur Latin (ULY) | Administrative division code | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Towns | |||||||
| Onsu Town (Wensu Town) | 温宿镇 | Wēnsù Zhèn | ئونسۇ بازىرى | Onsu baziri | 652922100 | ||
| Tumxuk Town[22] | 吐木秀克镇 | Tǔmùxiùkè Zhèn | تۇمشۇق بازىرى | tumshuq baziri | 652922101 | formerly Tumxuk Township (吐木秀克乡) | |
| Qizil Town | 克孜勒镇 | Tǔmùxiùkè Zhèn | قىزىل بازىرى[23] | qizil baziri | 652922102 | formerly Qizil Township (克孜勒乡) | |
| Aral Town[24] | 阿热勒镇 | Ārèlè Zhèn | ئارال بازىرى | Aral baziri | 652922103 | formerly Aral Township (阿热勒乡) | |
| Jam Town | 佳木镇 | Jiāmù Zhèn | جام بازىرى[25] | jam baziri | 652922104 | formerly Jam Township (佳木乡) | |
| Topkhan Town | 托甫汗镇 | Tuōfǔhàn Zhèn | توپقان بازىرى | topqan baziri | 652922105 | ||
| Komsumul Town | 共青团镇 | Gòngqīngtuán Zhèn | كومسۇمۇل بازىرى | komsumul baziri | 652922106 | ||
| Kökyar Town | 柯柯牙镇 | Kēkēyá Zhèn | كۆكيار بازىرى | kökyar baziri | 652922107 | ||
| Townships | |||||||
| Toxula Township | 托乎拉乡 | Tuōhūlā Xiāng | توخۇلا يېزىسى[26] | toxula yëzisi | 652922200 | ||
| Chaghraq Township | 恰格拉克乡 | Qiàgélākè Xiāng | چاغراق يېزىسى | chaghraq yëzisi | 652922202 | ||
| Ishlemchi Township | 依希来木其乡 | Yīxīláimùqí Xiāng | ئىشلەمچى يېزىسى | Ishlemchi yëzisi | 652922204 | ||
| Gulawat Township (Gule Awati[27]) | 古勒阿瓦提乡 | Gǔlè'āwǎtí Xiāng | گۈلئاۋات يېزىسى | gül'awat yëzisi | 652922206 | ||
| Ethnic township | |||||||
| Bozdong Kyrgyz Ethnic Township | 博孜墩柯尔克孜族乡 | Bózīdūn Kē'ěrkèzīzú Xiāng | بوزدۆڭ قىرغىز يېزىسى | bozdöng qirghiz yëzisi | 652922207 | (Kyrgyz) بوزدۅڭ قىرعىز ايىلى Боздөң Кыргыз айылы | |
| Climate data for Onsu, elevation 1,133 m (3,717 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1991–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 8.1 (46.6) | 17.1 (62.8) | 26.8 (80.2) | 34.6 (94.3) | 34.7 (94.5) | 37.0 (98.6) | 39.6 (103.3) | 38.2 (100.8) | 33.9 (93.0) | 28.9 (84.0) | 23.0 (73.4) | 9.8 (49.6) | 39.6 (103.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −1.0 (30.2) | 5.3 (41.5) | 14.2 (57.6) | 22.4 (72.3) | 26.8 (80.2) | 29.9 (85.8) | 31.3 (88.3) | 30.2 (86.4) | 26.2 (79.2) | 19.4 (66.9) | 9.8 (49.6) | 0.8 (33.4) | 17.9 (64.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −7.3 (18.9) | −1.1 (30.0) | 8.0 (46.4) | 15.8 (60.4) | 20.2 (68.4) | 23.1 (73.6) | 24.4 (75.9) | 23.2 (73.8) | 18.9 (66.0) | 11.7 (53.1) | 2.9 (37.2) | −4.9 (23.2) | 11.2 (52.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −12.5 (9.5) | −6.8 (19.8) | 1.7 (35.1) | 9.2 (48.6) | 13.9 (57.0) | 16.7 (62.1) | 18.0 (64.4) | 16.8 (62.2) | 12.3 (54.1) | 4.9 (40.8) | −2.3 (27.9) | −9.1 (15.6) | 5.2 (41.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −24.5 (−12.1) | −24.7 (−12.5) | −9.5 (14.9) | −1.0 (30.2) | 4.8 (40.6) | 10.3 (50.5) | 11.5 (52.7) | 9.6 (49.3) | 3.9 (39.0) | −3.4 (25.9) | −10.1 (13.8) | −22.5 (−8.5) | −24.7 (−12.5) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 1.8 (0.07) | 3.2 (0.13) | 4.0 (0.16) | 5.4 (0.21) | 9.6 (0.38) | 19.6 (0.77) | 15.7 (0.62) | 15.9 (0.63) | 12.6 (0.50) | 4.4 (0.17) | 2.5 (0.10) | 3.4 (0.13) | 98.1 (3.87) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.9 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 3.8 | 6.6 | 6.3 | 7.0 | 4.2 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 2.9 | 42 |
| Average snowy days | 5.7 | 3.6 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.4 | 5.8 | 17.4 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 68 | 59 | 44 | 37 | 41 | 48 | 52 | 56 | 57 | 57 | 64 | 72 | 55 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 177.1 | 182.3 | 199.7 | 224.8 | 264.7 | 281.5 | 300.5 | 278.1 | 250.0 | 246.4 | 192.4 | 158.1 | 2,755.6 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 59 | 60 | 53 | 56 | 59 | 62 | 66 | 66 | 68 | 73 | 66 | 56 | 62 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[28][29] | |||||||||||||
Agricultural products include rice, wheat, corn, cotton and fruit products. Sheep wool and sheepskins are produced in abundance. Industries produce food, spun cotton, building materials and coal.[14]
As of 1885[update], there was about 139,200 acres (919,475mu) of cultivated land in Onsu.[30]
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 219,219 | — |
| 2010 | 233,933 | +0.65% |
| [20] | ||
As of 2015, 197,360 of the 259,305 residents of the county wereUyghur, 55,335 wereHan Chinese and 6,610 were from other ethnic groups.[31]
According to the 2002 census, it has a population of 210,000.[citation needed]
As of 1999, 76.17% of the population of Wensu County was Uyghur and 21.43% of the population was Han Chinese.[32]
Historical English-language maps including Onsu:
![Map including Uqturpan (labeled as WEN-SU (AKSU-KONE SHAHR)) and surrounding region from the International Map of the World (AMS, 1950)[b]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aA-k%2560o-su_NK-44_(1950)_-_panoramio.jpg)
![From the Operational Navigation Chart; map including Onsu (labeled as WEN-SU (WENSU)) (DMA, 1985)[c]](/mt/?noimg=&dark=on&url=https%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%2fwiki%2fFile%3aOperational_Navigation_Chart_F-6%2c_6th_edition.jpg)
Onsu (in Chinese, Wensu) county, in the XUAR's Aksu (Akesu) prefecture is home to around 230,000 people, according to the county government's website. Some 180,000 of them are members of minority groups—the largest of which is Uyghurs.
Qirmish Ata Mazar is located in a mountain valley 61 km west of Onsu county town, in Aqsu prefecture.
Due to its location on the Aksu River, Aksu is water-rich, which allowed for the development of irrigation agriculture, forming a huge river oasis in the west, east and south of Aksu City (c. 1000 km2, including Awat and Onsu County) [43].
Ablikim Abdiryim was born on 12 November 1973 in Onsu County of Aksu.
ئونسۇ ناھىيىسى
Wensuo, an oasis state on the Northern Route in the Western Regions, is first seen in the "Xiyu Zhuan" of the Hanshu (ch. 96).
温宿，维吾尔语意为"十股水"
Jeti Suu{...}Seven Waters
阿克苏市，维吾尔语意为"白水城"，
温宿，汉代西域地名。维吾尔语称"阿克苏阔纳协海尔"，即阿克苏旧城意。也有解"温宿"维吾尔语为"多水"之意。
1958年5月29日，经国务院批准，温宿县并入阿克苏县，撤销温宿县建制。1962年，经国务院批准，恢复温宿县。合并于阿克苏县的原温宿县行政区域为温宿县的行政区域。
Since March, every cadre in Wensu County, Aksu Prefecture, has been required to stay in the homes of villagers "for no less than eight days a month." An official article describes how, after a work day at the office, cadres "brought their own bedding" to a minority villager's home, where they "will stay the night."(See alsoCivil Servant-Family Pair Up)
2010年第六次人口普查，温宿县常住总人口233933人，其中：温宿镇42712人，吐木秀克镇10715人，克孜勒镇19545人，阿热勒镇23569人，佳木镇18108人，托乎拉乡12804人，恰格拉克乡15728人，依希来木其乡13047人，古勒阿瓦提乡17798人，博孜墩柯尔克孜族乡5235人，水稻农场6143人，青年农场6549人，共青团农场2111人，塔格拉克牧场3289人，博孜墩牧场2664人，萨瓦甫齐牧场2954人，恰其力克牧场1544人，佳木林场3393人，兵团五团17786人，兵团六团8239人。
统计用区划代码 名称 652922100000 温宿镇 652922101000 吐木秀克镇 652922102000 克孜勒镇 652922103000 阿热勒镇 652922104000 佳木镇 652922105000 托甫汗镇 652922106000 共青团镇 652922107000 柯柯牙镇 652922200000 托乎拉乡 652922202000 恰格拉克乡 652922204000 依希来木其乡 652922206000 古勒阿瓦提乡 652922207000 博孜墩柯尔克孜族乡
قىزىل بازىرى
阿热勒 (力) ā rè lè Aral {...} 3. 新疆温宿县阿热力乡，在城西南35公里。