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Oncom

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Indonesian traditional fermented dish

Oncom
A block of red oncom
Course	Main course
Place of origin	Indonesia
Region or state	West Java
Associatedcuisine	Indonesia
Media: Oncom

Oncom (IPA:ɔnˈtʃɔm) is afermented food which is one of the traditionalstaples ofthe Sundanese cuisine ofIndonesia. There are two kinds of oncom:red oncom andblack oncom. The food is closely related totempeh; both are fermented usingmold.^[1]

Usually, oncom is made from theby-products of the production of other foods:soy pulp left over from makingtofu,peanut press cake residue after theoil has beenpressed out,cassava tailings after extracting thestarch (aci sampeu),coconut press cake remaining after the oil has been pressed out or whencoconut milk has been produced. Since oncom production usesby-products to make food, it increases theeconomic efficiency offood production.

Black oncom is made by usingRhizopus oligosporus while red oncom is made by usingNeurospora intermedia var.oncomensis.^[2] It is the only traditional human food produced fromNeurospora.

Red oncom has been found to reduce thecholesterol levels of rats.^[3]

Toxicity

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In the production of oncom, sanitation and hygiene are important to avoid contaminating the culture withbacteria or otherfungi likeAspergillus flavus (which producesaflatoxin).Neurospora intermedia var. oncomensis andRhizopus oligosporus reduce the aflatoxin produced byAspergillus flavus.^[4] However, aflatoxin-producing molds (Aspergillus spp.) are often naturally present on peanut press cake. Furthermore, coconut press cake can harbor the very dangerousBurkholderia gladioli, which produces two highly toxic compounds –bongkrek acid andtoxoflavin.William Shurtleff and Akiko Aoyagi address toxicity in theirbook section on oncom.

While it is known thatsoybeans are the best substrate for growingR. oligosporus to producetempeh, oncom has not been as thoroughly studied; the best fermentation substrates for producing oncom are not yet known.^{[citation needed]}

Cooking methods

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Oncom can be prepared and cooked in various ways. It can be simply deep fried asgorengan fritters, seasoned and cooked in abanana leaf pouch aspepes, or roasted, seasoned, and mixed with steamed rice asnasi tutug oncom.^[5] Oncom is also a selected filling forcomro,lontong andarem-arem rice dumplings.Comro in particular is a popularSundanese snack, the name was an abbreviation ofoncom di jero which means "oncom inside".^[6]

Gallery

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Closer view of red oncom mold
Oncom cooked aspepes dish.
Nasi tutug oncom, roasted oncom mashed with steamed rice, served with side dishes.

References

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^Sastraatmadja, D. D.; et al. (2002). "Production of High-Quality Oncom, a Traditional Indonesian Fermented Food, by the Inoculation with Selected Mold Strains in the Form of Pure Culture and Solid Inoculum".Journal of the Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University.70:111–127.CiteSeerX 10.1.1.866.6352.hdl:2115/13163.
^Ho, C.C. (1986). "Identity and characteristics of Neurospora intermedia responsible for oncom fermentation in Indonesia".Food Microbiology.3 (2):115–132.doi:10.1016/S0740-0020(86)80035-1.
^"Plasma cholesterol reduction by defatted soy ontjom (fermented with Neurospora intermedia) in rats fed a cholesterol-free diet".usda.gov.Archived from the original on 19 July 2009. Retrieved25 March 2019.
^Nout, M.J.R. (December 1989)."Effect of Rhizopus and Neurospora spp. on growth of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus and accumulation of aflatoxin B1 in groundnut".Mycological Research.93 (4):518–523.doi:10.1016/S0953-7562(89)80046-2.
^"Seven traditional Indonesian rice dishes you should try".The Jakarta Post. Retrieved2020-04-07.
^"Serupa Namun Tak Sama, Ini Perbedaan Combro dan Misro".Kumparan (in Indonesian). Retrieved2020-04-07.

Common Indonesian dishes	Abon Acar Ayam bakar Ayam goreng Ayam kecap Ayam kodok Bakmi Bakpau Bakso Bakwan Bihun goreng Bubur ayam Bubur kacang hijau Bubur ketan hitam Bubur sumsum Gado-gado Gorengan Gulai Ikan asin Ikan bakar Ikan goreng Jagung rebus Kacang rebus Kari Kari ayam Kari domba Kari kambing Kari udang Kuaci Ketupat Laksa Lontong Macaroni schotel Martabak Mi bakso Mi goreng Mi kuah Nasi campur Nasi goreng Nasi kari Nasi kuning Nasi bakar Otak-otak Panekuk Pastel tutup Perkedel Perkedel jagung Pindang Rendang Rijsttafel Roti bakar Roti bolen Roti meses Rujak Sambal Sambal goreng udang Satay Sayur bayam Sayur sop Semur Serundeng Sop buntut Soto Soto ayam Soto mi Sup ayam Sup ercis Sup makaroni Sup wortel Tahu Tahu goreng Telur asin Telur pindang Tempeh Tumis kangkung Tumpeng
Acehnese	Ayam Tangkap Bhoi Kanji asyura Keukarah Keumamah Meuseukat Mi aceh Mi caluk Nasi gurih Roti Jala Sate matang Sie Reuboh
Arab	Asida Fahsa Falafel Hummus Kofta Manakish Katayef Nasi kabsah Nasi kebuli Nasi mandi Maamoul Marak Murtabak Roti maryam Roti pita Saltah Shawarma Tabbouleh Tharid
Balinese	Babi guling Betutu Be urutan Iga babi Laklak Lawar Matah Nasi bali Nasi jinggo Pai susu Rawon babi Rujak kuah pindang Sate babi Sate lilit Soto babi Tipat cantok
Banjarese	Bingka Laksa banjar Pekasam Pundut Nasi Soto banjar
Bantenese	Angeun Lada
Batak	Arsik Babi panggang Karo Dali ni horbo Dengke mas na niura Itak gurgur Lampet Manuk napinadar Mi gomak Na tinombur Ombusombus Pagit-pagit Pohulpohul Saksang Sasagun Sate kerang Tipatipa Tuktuk
Betawi	Asinan betawi Bubur cha cha Kerak telor Ketoprak Ketupat sayur Laksa betawi Lontong sayur Mi kangkung Nasi goreng kambing Nasi kebuli Nasi uduk Nasi ulam Pindang Roti buaya Roti gambang Rujak juhi Sate taichan Sayur asem Semur jengkol Soto betawi Soto kaki Soto tangkar Sup kambing
Buginese and Makassar	Ayam goreng Sulawesi Burasa Coto makassar Dangke Jalangkote Kaledo Kapurung Konro Mi kering Pallubasa Sop saudara
Chinese	Babi hong Babi kecap Bak kut teh Bakkwa Bakwan Banmian Bihun goreng Cakwe Cap cai Chai tow kway Char kway teow Cha sio Fu yung hai Fish ball Haisom cah Ifumi Kembang tahu Kepiting saus tiram Kuaci Kwetiau ayam Kwetiau goreng Kwetiau siram sapi Lapchiong Locupan Lontong cap go meh Lumpia Mi ayam Mi lor Mi pangsit Mi tarik Mun tahu Nasi ayam hainan Nasi bebek Nasi campur Nasi tim Ngo hiang Pangsit Popiah Rujak shanghai Sapo tahu Sate babi Sekba Siomay Soto Sup hisit Sup sarang burung Swikee Tahu sumedang Tauge ayam Tee long pan Telur pitan Telur teh Tong sui Yong tau fu Yusheng
Cirebonese	Empal gentong Docang Kue gapit Mi koclok Nasi jamblang Nasi lengko Tahu gejrot
Gorontalese	Binte biluhuta Sate Tuna Ayam iloni Sagela Ilahe Bilentango Sate Balanga Ilabulo Nasi kuning cakalang Buburu Bubur sagela Nasi goreng sagela Tabu Moitomo Ikan iloni Pilitode
Indian	Appam Ayam mentega Ayam tandori Chapati Chutney Dosa Idli Laddu Kari kambing Kari kepala ikan Korma Modak Naan Nasi biryani Pakora Puttu Raita Roti canai Satti Sorru Sambar Samosa Satti Sorru
Indo	Ayam kodok Babi panggang Bitterballen Erwtensoep Hutspot Lapis legit Makaroni schotel Oliebol Ontbijtkoek Pannenkoek Poffertjes Shepherd's pie
Javanese	Apem Arem-arem Ayam bumbu rujak Ayam geprek Ayam goreng kalasan Ayam penyet Bakso Bakpia Bakpia pathok Botok Brongkos Buntil Gudeg Iga penyet Kamir Kelan antep Krechek Kuluban Lepet Lontong balap Lontong dekem Lontong kupang Lumpia Lumpia goreng Lumpia semarang Sumpia Mendoan Mi bakso Mi goreng Mi jawa Mi rebus Nasi ambeng Nasi bebek Nasi bogana Nasi empal Nasi gandul Nasi goreng Nasi goreng jawa Nasi kare Nasi kucing Nasi liwet Nasi megono Nasi pecel Nasi tempong Opor Opor ayam Orem-orem Pecel Pecel ayam Pecel lele Rambak petis Rawon Roti ganjel rel Roti konde Rujak cingur Rujak soto Sambal ulek Sate ambal Sate blora Sate kambing Sate hati Sate kelinci Sate kikil Sate klatak Sate madura Sate ponorogo Sate tegal Sate udang Sayur lodeh Selat solo Serundeng Soto babat Soto ceker Tahu campur Telur pindang Tempe bacem Tempe goreng Tempe mendoan Timlo Tongseng Trancam Tumpeng Urap
Madurese	Rujak Rujak cingur Sate madura Serundeng Soto madura
Malay	Amplang Ayam goreng Ayam pansuh Bubur cha cha Bubur pedas Cincalok Epok-epok Gulai Ikan bakar Ikan patin Kangkung belacan Kari Kemplang Laksa Mi kari Mi rebus Nasi berlauk Nasi briyani Nasi dagang Nasi goreng Nasi goreng pattaya Nasi lemak Nasi minyak Otak-otak Pekasam Pulut Roti canai Roti jala Roti john Roti tisu Sayur lodeh Siput gonggong Soto Sup kambing Tahu goreng Tempoyak Ulam
Minahasan	Ayam rica-rica Brenebon Cakalang fufu Dabu-dabu Klappertaart Mi cakalang Nasi kuning Panada Paniki Rica-rica Rintek wuuk Tinorangsak Tinutuan Woku
Minangkabau	Asam pedas Ayam pop Balado Daun ubi tumbuk Dendeng Gulai Gulai ayam Gulai kambing Gulai otak Kalio Kepiting saus padang Keripik sanjai Lemang Lontong gulai pakis Nasi kapau Nasi kari Nasi padang Palai bada Rendang Sambal lada muda Sate padang Soto padang Udang balado
Moluccan andPapuan	Asida Babi bakar Bibingka Colo-colo Papeda Puding sagu Sagu Soto ambon
Palembang	Burgo Gulai Kemplang Laksan Lakso Malbi Mi celor Nasi minyak Otak-otak Pempek Pindang Tekwan Tempoyak ikan patin
Peranakan	Bubur cha cha Cincalok Laksa Pai ti Swikee
Sasak	Ayam taliwang Plecing kangkung Sate ampet Sate belut Sate pusut
Sundanese	Asinan bogor Batagor Empal gepuk Karedok Kupat tahu Laksa bogor Laksa tangerang Lalab Mi kocok Nasi timbel Nasi tutug oncom Oncom Pepes Rujak tumbuk Sate bandeng Sate maranggi Sayur asem Seblak Soto bandung Tauge goreng Uli bakar
Timorese	Feijoada Ikan bakar Katemak Pastel de nata Se'i