Ona Šimaitė | |
|---|---|
| Born | 6 January 1894  |
| Died | 17 January 1970 (aged 76) |
| Occupation | Librarian,translator |
| Awards |
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| Righteous Among the Nations |
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| By country |
Ona Šimaitė (6 January 1894 – 17 January 1970) was a Lithuanian librarian atVilnius University who used her position to aid and rescue Jews in theVilna Ghetto duringWorld War II. She is recognized as aRighteous Among the Nations.
Born inAkmenė, Lithuania on 6 January 1894[1] and later educated in Moscow, Šimaitė became a librarian atVilnius University in 1940. In 1941, the Nazis invaded Lithuania and created theVilna Ghetto. She began entering the ghetto under the pretext of recovering library books from Jewish university students. Over the next three years, she smuggled small arms (helped byKazys Boruta, amongst others) as well as food and other provisions; smuggled out literary and historical documents for thePaper Brigade; and also served as a mail carrier for ghetto inhabitants, connecting them with the outside world. She also found people who would forge documents for Jews, offered her home as a temporary refuge for Jews, and smuggled Jewish children out of the ghetto to families that she found who agreed to hide them.
In April 1944, theGestapo arrested Šimaitė and tortured her. A ransom paid by the rector of the university spared her from immediate execution, and she was deported toDachau concentration camp in Germany, then later transferred to an internment camp atLudelange in France. After the camp was liberated by the Allies, Šimaitė remained in France, working as a librarian, except for a period from 1953 to 1956 spent in Israel.
On 15 March 1966, the Israeli organisationYad Vashem recognized Šimaitė as aRighteous Among the Nations, planting a tree in her honour.[1][2]
Šimaitė died outside of Paris on 17 January 1970[1] and, per her request, her body was donated to science. In 2015, Lithuania's first street named in honor of a Righteous Among the Nations was unveiled inVilnius;[3] the street is namedŠimaitės Street, after Šimaitė.[3]
Šimaitė worked as a cataloger in the Vilnius University Library from 1940-1944.[4] After the war, she moved to Paris and continued to work in a library while corresponding with friends, intellectuals, and public figures around the world.[5] In an October 2,1957 letter to her friend Marijona Čilvinaitė, Šimaitė referred to librarianship as "the beloved profession."[4] Šimaitė was honored for her lifelong career as a librarian by the American Library Association in 2021.[6]
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