Chemical compound
Pharmaceutical compound
Olopatadine Clinical data Trade names Patanol, Pataday, Opatanol AHFS /Drugs.com Monograph MedlinePlus a602025 License data Pregnancy Routes of Eye drops ,nasal spray ATC code Legal status Legal status Pharmacokinetic dataEliminationhalf-life 3 hours Identifiers CAS Number PubChem CID DrugBank ChemSpider UNII KEGG ChEMBL CompTox Dashboard (EPA) Chemical and physical data Formula C 21 H 23 N O 3 Molar mass −1 3D model (JSmol ) InChI=1S/C21H23NO3/c1-22(2)11-5-8-18-17-7-4-3-6-16(17)14-25-20-10-9-15(12-19(18)20)13-21(23)24/h3-4,6-10,12H,5,11,13-14H2,1-2H3,(H,23,24)/b18-8-
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Olopatadine , sold under the brand namePatanol among others, is an antihistamine medication used to decrease the symptoms ofallergic conjunctivitis andallergic rhinitis (hay fever).[ 2] eye drops or as anasal spray .[ 2] [ 2]
Common side effects include headache, sore throat, eye discomfort, or changes in perception of taste.[ 3] [ 2] [ 2] pregnancy orbreastfeeding is safe.[ 4] antihistamine andmast cell stabilizer .[ 5] [ 2]
Olopatadine was patented in 1986 and came into medical use in 1997.[ 6] generic medication .[ 2] million prescriptions.[ 7] [ 8]
Olopatadine is an active ingredient in eye drops designed to alleviateallergic conjunctivitis , a condition characterized by itchy, red, and watery eyes. It is intended to serve as a superior alternative to eye drops that containcorticosteroids . By utilizing olopatadine, the goal is to minimize the side effects associated with corticosteroids. These side effects include elevatedintraocular pressure , which can lead toglaucoma , and an increased susceptibility to infections.[ 9]
In nasal sprays, olopatadine is used either as a standalone active ingredient, or in a combination with mometasone, a corticosteroid. A fixed-dose combination of olopatadine hydrochloride 665 μg and mometasone furoate 25 μg is called "GSP301".[ 10] [ 11] [ 12]
Known side effects for olopatadine eye drops include headache, eye burning and/or stinging, blurred vision, dry eyes, foreign body sensation,hyperemia ,keratitis , eyelidedema ,pruritus ,asthenia , sore throat (pharyngitis ),rhinitis ,sinusitis , taste perversion, and vomiting.[ 13]
Olopatadine nasal spray may cause side effects such as nosebleeds, painful nasal sores, fever, urinary discomfort, nasal congestion, cough, throat irritation, a bitter taste, drowsiness, headaches, rashes, and repeated instances of painful urination.[ 14] [ 15]
Olopatadine synthesis:[ 16] Olopatadine acts as aselective antagonist of thehistamine H1 receptor , thus stabilizing mast cells and inhibiting histamine release.[ 17]
Olopatadine was patented in 1986 byKyowa Hakko Kogyo and came into medical use in 1997.[ 6]
In the United States, Pataday Twice Daily Relief was first approved by the FDA in 1996, under the name Patanol as a prescription drug and was indicated for the treatment of the signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis (referring to ocular redness and itching due to allergies).[ 1] [ 1] [ 1]
In February 2020, Pataday Twice Daily Relief and Pataday Once Daily Relief were switched to beover-the-counter drugs in the United States when the FDA granted the approvals of the nonprescription products toAlcon .[ 1]
Society and culture [ edit ] A package of generic formulation of olopatadine eye drops sold under the brand name Pallada Brand names include Pallada, Pazeo, Pataday, Patanol S, Patanol, Opatanol, Olopat, Patanase.[ 18] [ 19] Kyowa Hakko Kogyo .[ 20]
^a b c d e "FDA Approves Three Drugs for Nonprescription Use Through Rx-to-OTC Switch Process" .U.S.Food and Drug Administration (FDA) . 14 February 2020.Archived from the original on 15 February 2020. Retrieved14 February 2020 .public domain .^a b c d e f g "Olopatadine Hydrochloride Monograph for Professionals" .Drugs.com . American Society of Health-System Pharmacists.Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved26 March 2019 .^ British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. p. 1126.ISBN 9780857113382 ^ "Olopatadine ophthalmic Use During Pregnancy" .Drugs.com .Archived from the original on 26 March 2019. Retrieved26 March 2019 .^ Castillo M, Scott NW, Mustafa MZ, Mustafa MS, Azuara-Blanco A (June 2015)."Topical antihistamines and mast cell stabilisers for treating seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis" (PDF) .The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews .2015 (6): CD009566.doi :10.1002/14651858.CD009566.pub2 .hdl :2164/6048 PMC 10616535 PMID 26028608 .Archived from the original on 28 August 2021. Retrieved24 September 2019 . ^a b Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006).Analogue-based Drug Discovery ISBN 9783527607495 Archived from the original on 10 January 2023. Retrieved20 September 2020 . ^ "The Top 300 of 2022" .ClinCalc .Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved30 August 2024 .^ "Olopatadine Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022" .ClinCalc . Retrieved30 August 2024 .^ Zi Y, Deng Y, Ji M, Qin Y, Nong L, Liu Z, et al. (2020)."The effectiveness of olopatadine hydrochloride eye drops for allergic conjunctivitis: Protocol for a systematic review" .Medicine .99 (7): e18618.doi :10.1097/MD.0000000000018618 .PMC 7035116 PMID 32049778 . ^ Prenner BM, Amar NJ, Hampel FC, Caracta CF, Wu W (2022)."Efficacy and safety of GSP301 nasal spray in children aged 6 to 11 years with seasonal allergic rhinitis" .Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology .129 (5): 618–626.e2.doi :10.1016/j.anai.2022.07.029 PMID 35926824 . ^ Chen R, Zheng D, Zhang Y, Sima G (2022)."Efficacy and safety of twice-daily olopatadine–mometasone combination nasal spray (GSP301) in the treatment of allergic rhinitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis" .European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology .279 (4):1691– 1699.doi :10.1007/s00405-021-07085-w .PMID 34591150 . ^ Segall N, Lumry W, Prenner B, Caracta C, Tantry S (2018)."Long-Term Safety and Efficacy of Olopatadine/Mometasone Combination Nasal Spray in Patients with Perennial Allergic Rhinitis" .Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology .121 (5): S60.doi :10.1016/j.anai.2018.09.199 . ^ "Olopatadine ophthalmic Side Effects: Common, Severe, Long Term" .Archived from the original on 19 June 2024. Retrieved14 July 2024 .^ "Olopatadine nasal Uses, Side Effects & Warnings" .^ Klimek L, Klimek F, Bergmann C, Hagemann J, Cuevas M, Becker S (2024)."Efficacy and safety of the combination nasal spray olopatadine hydrochloride-mometasone furoate in the treatment of allergic rhinitis" .Allergo Journal International .33 :9– 19.doi :10.1007/s40629-023-00282-5 ^ Ueno K, Kubo S, Tagawa H, Yoshioka T, Tsukada W (July 1976). "6,11-Dihydro-11-oxodibenz [b,e] oxepinacetic acids with potent antiinflammatory activity".Journal of Medicinal Chemistry .19 (7):941– 6.doi :10.1021/jm00229a017 .PMID 940112 . ^ Gonzalez-Estrada A, Reddy K, Dimov V, Eidelman F (August 2017). "Olopatadine hydrochloride ophthalmic solution for the treatment of allergic conjunctivitis".Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy .18 (11):1137– 1143.doi :10.1080/14656566.2017.1346085 .PMID 28656804 . ^ "Olopatadine (Ophthalmic): Drug information" .^ "Drugs.com, Alcon's Patanase Nasal Spray Approved by FDA for Treatment of Nasal Allergy Symptoms" .Archived from the original on 17 April 2009. Retrieved23 January 2018 .^ Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd. (2007)."Allelock Tablets 2.5 & Allelock Tablets 5 (English)" (PDF) . Archived fromthe original (PDF) on 22 July 2011. Retrieved10 August 2008 .
mAChRs Tooltip Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors
Agonists Antagonists 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate 4-DAMP Aclidinium bromide (+formoterol )Abediterol AF-DX 250 AF-DX 384 Ambutonium bromide Anisodamine Anisodine Antihistamines (first-generation) (e.g.,brompheniramine ,buclizine ,captodiame ,chlorphenamine (chlorpheniramine) ,cinnarizine ,clemastine ,cyproheptadine ,dimenhydrinate ,dimetindene ,diphenhydramine ,doxylamine ,meclizine ,mequitazine ,perlapine ,phenindamine ,pheniramine ,phenyltoloxamine ,promethazine ,propiomazine ,triprolidine )AQ-RA 741 Atropine Atropine methonitrate Atypical antipsychotics (e.g.,clozapine ,fluperlapine ,olanzapine (+fluoxetine ),rilapine ,quetiapine ,tenilapine ,zotepine )Benactyzine Benzatropine (benztropine) Benzilone Benzilylcholine mustard Benzydamine Bevonium BIBN 99 Biperiden Bornaprine Camylofin CAR-226,086 CAR-301,060 CAR-302,196 CAR-302,282 CAR-302,368 CAR-302,537 CAR-302,668 Caramiphen Cimetropium bromide Clidinium bromide Cloperastine CS-27349 Cyclobenzaprine Cyclopentolate Darifenacin DAU-5884 Desfesoterodine Dexetimide DIBD Dicycloverine (dicyclomine) Dihexyverine Difemerine Diphemanil metilsulfate Ditran Drofenine EA-3167 EA-3443 EA-3580 EA-3834 Emepronium bromide Etanautine Etybenzatropine (ethybenztropine) Fenpiverinium Fentonium bromide Fesoterodine Flavoxate Glycopyrronium bromide (+beclometasone/formoterol ,+indacaterol ,+neostigmine )Hexahydrodifenidol Hexahydrosiladifenidol Hexbutinol Hexocyclium Himbacine HL-031,120 Homatropine Imidafenacin Ipratropium bromide (+salbutamol )Isopropamide J-104,129 Hyoscyamine Mamba toxin 3 Mamba toxin 7 Mazaticol Mebeverine Meladrazine Mepenzolate Methantheline Methoctramine Methylatropine Methylhomatropine Methylscopolamine Metixene Muscarinic toxin 7 N-Ethyl-3-piperidyl benzilate N-Methyl-3-piperidyl benzilate Nefopam Octatropine methylbromide (anisotropine methylbromide) Orphenadrine Otenzepad (AF-DX 116) Otilonium bromide Oxapium iodide Oxitropium bromide Oxybutynin Oxyphencyclimine Oxyphenonium bromide PBID PD-102,807 PD-0298029 Penthienate Pethidine pFHHSiD Phenglutarimide Phenyltoloxamine Pipenzolate bromide Piperidolate Pirenzepine Piroheptine Pizotifen Poldine Pridinol Prifinium bromide Procyclidine Profenamine (ethopropazine) Propantheline bromide Propiverine Quinidine 3-Quinuclidinyl thiochromane-4-carboxylate Revefenacin Rociverine RU-47,213 SCH-57,790 SCH-72,788 SCH-217,443 Scopolamine (hyoscine) Scopolamine butylbromide (hyoscine butylbromide) Silahexacyclium Sofpironium bromide Solifenacin SSRIs Tooltip Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (e.g.,femoxetine ,paroxetine )Telenzepine Terodiline Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amoxapine ,maprotiline ,mianserin ,mirtazapine )Tiemonium iodide Timepidium bromide Tiotropium bromide Tiquizium bromide Tofenacin Tolterodine Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amitriptyline (+perphenazine ),amitriptylinoxide ,butriptyline ,cidoxepin ,clomipramine ,desipramine ,desmethyldesipramine ,dibenzepin ,dosulepin (dothiepin) ,doxepin ,imipramine ,lofepramine ,nitroxazepine ,northiaden (desmethyldosulepin) ,nortriptyline ,protriptyline ,quinupramine ,trimipramine )Tridihexethyl Trihexyphenidyl Trimebutine Tripitamine (tripitramine) Tropacine Tropatepine Tropicamide Trospium chloride Typical antipsychotics (e.g.,chlorpromazine ,chlorprothixene ,cyamemazine (cyamepromazine) ,loxapine ,mesoridazine ,thioridazine )Umeclidinium bromide (+vilanterol )WIN-2299 Xanomeline Zamifenacin
Precursors (andprodrugs )
nAChRs Tooltip Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
Agonists PAMs Tooltip positive allosteric modulators )5-HIAA 6-Chloronicotine A-84,543 A-366,833 A-582,941 A-867,744 ABT-202 ABT-418 ABT-560 ABT-894 Acetylcholine Altinicline Anabasine Anatabine Anatoxin-a AR-R17779 Bephenium hydroxynaphthoate Butinoline Butyrylcholine Carbachol Choline Choline m-bromophenyl ether Cotinine Cytisine Decamethonium Desformylflustrabromine Dianicline Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Epibatidine Epiboxidine Ethanol (alcohol) Ethoxysebacylcholine EVP-4473 EVP-6124 Galantamine GTS-21 Ispronicline Ivermectin JNJ-39393406 Levamisole Lobeline MEM-63,908 (RG-3487) Morantel Nicotine (tobacco )NS-1738 PHA-543,613 PHA-709,829 PNU-120,596 PNU-282,987 Pozanicline Pyrantel Rivanicline RJR-2429 Sazetidine A SB-206553 Sebacylcholine SIB-1508Y SIB-1553A SSR-180,711 Suberyldicholine Suxamethonium (succinylcholine) Suxethonium (succinyldicholine) TC-1698 TC-1734 TC-1827 TC-2216 TC-5214 TC-5619 TC-6683 Tebanicline Tribendimidine Tropisetron UB-165 Varenicline WAY-317,538 XY-4083 Antagonists NAMs Tooltip negative allosteric modulators )
Precursors (andprodrugs )
H1
Agonists Antagonists Others: Atypical antipsychotics (e.g.,aripiprazole ,asenapine ,brexpiprazole ,brilaroxazine ,clozapine ,iloperidone ,olanzapine ,paliperidone ,quetiapine ,risperidone ,ziprasidone ,zotepine )Phenylpiperazine antidepressants (e.g.,hydroxynefazodone ,nefazodone ,trazodone ,triazoledione )Tetracyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amoxapine ,loxapine ,maprotiline ,mianserin ,mirtazapine ,oxaprotiline )Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g.,amitriptyline ,butriptyline ,clomipramine ,desipramine ,dosulepin (dothiepin) ,doxepin ,imipramine ,iprindole ,lofepramine ,nortriptyline ,protriptyline ,trimipramine )Typical antipsychotics (e.g.,chlorpromazine ,flupenthixol ,fluphenazine ,loxapine ,perphenazine ,prochlorperazine ,thioridazine ,thiothixene )
H2
H3
H4
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