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Oliver Turvey

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
British race driver

Oliver Turvey
Turvey in 2012
NationalityUnited Kingdom British
Born (1987-04-01)1 April 1987 (age 37)
Penrith, Cumbria, England
Formula E career
Debut season2014–15
Racing licenceFIA Platinum
Former teamsNIO Formula E Team
Starts86
Championships0
Wins0
Podiums1
Poles1
Fastest laps0
Best finish10th in2017–18
Finished last season18th (6 pts)
Previous series
2004–06
2007
2007
2008
2009
2009–102011
2011
2013
Formula BMW UK
Italian FRenault
Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0
British Formula 3
Formula Renault 3.5 Series
GP2 Asia Series
Blancpain Endurance Series
European Le Mans Series
Awards
2006
2008
McLaren Autosport Award
Cambridge Full Blue

Oliver Jonathan Turvey (born 1 April 1987) is aBritish professional racing driver, who most recently competed inFormula E, and is currently signed toDS Penske as a reserve driver and a sporting advisor. He was a notablekart racer, with two national titles, and was the 2006McLaren Autosport BRDC Award winner. His career has been supported by theRacing Steps Foundation.[1]

Career history

[edit]

Karting

[edit]

Like many aspiring junior racing drivers,Penrith-born Turvey began hiskarting career at eight years old. After three seasons, he progressed to the British Cadet Championship in 1999, in which he was placed fifth overall, and was selected as a member of the English National team, which won that year's Inter-nation Championship. In 2000, Turvey graduated to the Junior Yamaha National Championship and won the title. After a season in Junior TKM, he moved on to the Junior Rotax class in 2002 and added that title to his collection.

Car racing

[edit]

Turvey made hisformulasingle seater debut in the 2003 British Formula Renault Winter Series and spent the remainder of the season competing in Zip Formula, in which he was the highest-placedrookie. In 2004, he sidestepped intoFormula BMW UK with Team SWR and achieved one race win. At the end of the season, he made a one-offFormula Three debut in the Promotion class of theAsian F3 Championship.

In the following season, Turvey stayed with Team SWR in Formula BMW, making eight appearances (each with two race starts) in the ten-round championship. Budgetary restrictions prevented him from entering more than seven rounds in 2006, but points scores in every race (including five wins) secured second place overall. At the Formula BMW World Final in Valencia, he was the highest-placed British finisher in sixth position. Turvey ended the year by beating five other finalists to win theMcLaren Autosport BRDC Young Driver of the Year Award.[2]

Although Turvey was expected to graduate to theBritish F3 Championship in 2007,[3] he has instead opted for the opportunity of competing in continental Europe. He spent the season dovetailing a dual program in Italian Formula Renault and the Formula Renault Eurocup with the experienced Jenzer Motorsport organisation.[4] In 2008, he was runner-up in theBritish Formula 3 Championship, behind teammateJaime Alguersuari.

Turvey competed in theWorld Series by Renault for2009, where he was once again paired with Alguersuari at Carlin.[5] He won a single race and finished the championship as top rookie, in fourth position. He competed in the2009–10 GP2 Asia Series season and took part in the2010 GP2 Series season for theiSport International team.[1]

On 16 November 2010 he took part in theFormula One young drivers test in Abu Dhabi driving forMcLaren. Turvey set the second fastest time, 1.1 seconds slower than the quickest time set byRed Bull'sDaniel Ricciardo.[6]

With hisRacing Steps Foundation backing having expired at the end of 2010, Turvey was unable to raise a budget for another GP2 season in 2011. However, he was drafted by Carlin—the team now competing in its first year of GP2—to replaceMikhail Aleshin for the third round of the championship inMonaco; Aleshin also struggling to find enough money for a full season.[7] He finished in the points in his comeback race, but was subsequently penalised due to jumping the start. He was replaced for the following round byÁlvaro Parente, and finished 25th in the championship. Prior to the start of the 2011 GP2 Series Turvey drove in the2011 GP2 Asia Series season forOcean Racing Technology.[8]

Aside from his GP2 drives, Turvey also competed in selected rounds of the2011 Blancpain Endurance Series season forCRS Racing, competing alongsideAndrew Kirkaldy andAlvaro Parente in aMcLaren MP4-12C GT3.[9]

Turvey driving aMcLaren MP4-26 at the 2012Goodwood Festival of Speed

Turvey joinedGary Paffett as a test driver forMcLaren for the2012 Formula One season.[10]

In 2013 Turvey stepped up from GTs to Sports Prototypes by signing a deal with Jota Sport to race theirLMP2Zytek Z11SN-Nissan in the2013 European Le Mans Series season and selected rounds of theFIA World Endurance Championship, including the2013 24 Hours of Le Mans.[11] Turvey qualified on pole position and won his first start in the car, at the opening rain-shortened ELMS round at Silverstone.[12]

In February 2014 it was announced that Turvey would partnerFabien Giroix andJohn Martin in an LMP2Oreca 03-Nissan run byDelta Motorsport and Millennium Racing for an assault on the2014 FIA World Endurance Championship season.[13] However the team's plans received a setback when they withdrew from the season-opening6 Hours of Silverstone due to delays in receiving funding.[14] They subsequently missed the second round of the WEC and the2014 24 Hours of Le Mans due to their financial problems.[15] However Turvey received a call up from the Jota squad to race at Le Mans when Jota and Audi reserve driverMarc Gené replaced Audi driverLoïc Duval when the latter was injured in a practice crash. Turvey subsequently shared the LMP2 class win alongside his teammates.[16]

In January 2025, Turvey departed McLaren to joinWilliams as test and development driver.[17]

Formula E

[edit]
Turvey driving at the2021 Puebla ePrix.

Turvey would make hisFormula E debut forNEXTEV TCR at the2015 London ePrix, partnering withNelson Piquet Jr. He would finish ninth in both events.[18] He and Piquet Jr. would be retained for the2015–16 season, where he would place 14th in the final standings with 11 points alongside a best finish of sixth atBeijing. Turvey, now with a rebrandedNEXTEV NIO for the2016–17 season, would earn his first pole position inFormula E atMexico City afterDaniel Abt was penalised due to a tyre pressure infringment, but would ultimately retire from the race due to battery issues.[19] He would finish 12th in the final points standings with 26 points. For the2017–18 season, Turvey would partner withLuca Filippi in the once again rebrandedNIO Formula E Team, where would earn his first podium inMexico City with a second place finish.[20] He would finish tenth in the standings with 46 points despite withdrawing from theNew York ePrix due to suffering a hand injury during second practice.[21][22] Turvey would then partner withTom Dillmann for the2018–19 season, where he would only score seven points throughout the course of the season with a best result of eighth atSantiago. In the following season, he would partner withMa Qinghua at the beginning of the year and then withDaniel Abt for the final rounds atBerlin forNIO 333 FE Team, where he would 24th in the standings with no points.[23] He would then partner withTom Blomqvist for the2020–21 season, finishing 23rd in the standings with 13 points and a best result of sixth atDiriyah.[24] Turvey would partner with formerFormula 2 driverDan Ticktum for the2021–22 season, where he would only finish in the points once atRome with a seventh place finish.[25] He would finish 18th in the standings. Turvey would not be retained for the following season, and would joinDS Penske as the team's reserve driver as well as sporting advisor.[26]

Awards

[edit]

Dec. 2006 –McLaren Autosport BRDC Award[27]
2008 – Sports Personality of the Year award at the 2008 Cumbria Sports Awards[28]
2008 –Daily Mirror Best British Driver in F3 Award[29]
2008 – Awarded the Dunhill Future Champion Award atGoodwood Festival of Speed[30]
2008 –University of Cambridge ExtraordinaryFull Blue for Motorsport (the first ever for the sport).[31][32]
2008 –British Racing Drivers' Club National Racing Driver of the Year[33]

Education

[edit]

Turvey attendedQueen Elizabeth Grammar School inPenrith, Cumbria in England andFitzwilliam College, Cambridge as an undergraduate, where he studied engineering. In late 2007, he applied to become a CambridgeFull Blue, the highest honour that can be awarded to a sportsman at the university. He completed his bachelor's degree in 2008 and was awarded the Full Blue by the university; the first ever racing driver to be awarded the accolade.[31][32] HisMaster's will include a dissertation on F1 aerodynamics. He has a sister, called Lucie, who also attended Queen Elizabeth Grammar School. Turvey currently lives in London.

Racing career

[edit]

Career summary

[edit]
SeasonSeriesTeamRacesWinsPolesF/LapsPodiumsPointsPosition
2003Zip FormulaGreat BritainUnknown40---1184th
Formula Renault UK Winter SeriesMark Burdett Motorsport40000618th
2004Formula BMW UKSWR Omegaland181001837th
Team SWR Pioneer
2005Formula BMW UKTeam SWR Pioneer1601261038th
2006Formula BMW UKTeam Loctite14572102092nd
2007Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0Jenzer Motorsport130001518th
Formula Renault 2.0 Italy1401021769th
Porsche Carrera Cup GBPorsche Motorsport200000NC†
2008British Formula 3 International SeriesCarlin Motorsport22444132342nd
2009Formula Renault 3.5 SeriesCarlin Motorsport171105934th
Formula OneVodafone McLaren MercedesTest driver
2010GP2 SeriesiSport International200114486th
Formula OneVodafone McLaren MercedesTest driver
2011GP2 SeriesCarlin Motorsport20000025th
Formula OneVodafone McLaren MercedesTest driver
2012Formula OneVodafone McLaren MercedesTest driver
2013European Le Mans SeriesJota Sport51413713rd
24 Hours of Le Mans - LMP210000N/A7th
FIA GT SeriesMRS GT Racing200000NC†
Formula OneVodafone McLaren MercedesTest driver
201424 Hours of Le Mans - LMP2Jota Sport11001N/A1st
Formula OneMcLaren MercedesTest driver
2014–15Formula ENEXTEV TCR20000222nd
2015Super GTDrago Modulo Honda Racing800002612th
24 Hours of Le Mans - LMP2Jota Sport10011N/A2nd
Formula OneMcLaren HondaTest driver
2015–16Formula ENEXTEV TCR1000001114th
2016Super GTDrago Modulo Honda Racing50100519th
Formula OneMcLaren HondaTest driver
2016–17Formula ENextEV1201002612th
2017Formula OneMcLaren HondaTest driver
2017–18Formula ENio Formula E Team1000014610th
201824 Hours of Le MansCEFC TRSM Racing10000N/ADNF
Formula OneMcLaren F1 TeamTest driver
2018–19Formula ENio Formula E Team130000720th
FIA World Endurance ChampionshipCEFC TRSM Racing100000NC
2019Formula OneMcLaren F1 TeamTest driver
2019–20Formula ENio 333 FE Team110000024th
2020Formula OneMcLaren F1 TeamTest driver
2020–21Formula ENio 333 FE Team1500001323rd
2021Formula OneMcLaren F1 TeamTest driver
2021–22Formula ENio 333 FE Team160000618th
2022Formula OneMcLaren F1 TeamTest driver
2022–23Formula EDS PenskeReserve driver
2023Formula OneMcLaren F1 TeamTest driver
2023–24Formula EDS PenskeReserve driver
2024Formula OneMcLaren F1 TeamTest driver
2024–25Formula EDS PenskeReserve driver
2025Formula OneWilliams RacingTest & development driver

As Turvey was a guest driver, he was ineligible for points.
* Season still in progress.

Complete Eurocup Formula Renault 2.0 results

[edit]

(key) (Races inbold indicate pole position; races initalics indicate fastest lap)

YearEntrant1234567891011121314DCPoints
2007Jenzer MotorsportZOL
1

6
ZOL
2

4
NÜR
1

7
NÜR
2

3
HUN
1

5
HUN
2

9
DON
1

18
DON
2

12
MAG
1

7
MAG
2

4
EST
1

11
EST
2

13
CAT
1

10
CAT
2

DNS
8th51

Complete Formula Renault 3.5 Series results

[edit]

(key) (Races inbold indicate pole position) (Races initalics indicate fastest lap)

YearTeam1234567891011121314151617PosPts
2009Carlin MotorsportCAT
SPR

4
CAT
FEA

11
SPA
SPR

6
SPA
FEA

14
MON
FEA

1
HUN
SPR

8
HUN
FEA

Ret
SIL
SPR

3
SIL
FEA

3
BUG
SPR

3
BUG
FEA

10
ALG
SPR

Ret
ALG
FEA

6
NÜR
SPR

4
NÜR
FEA

Ret
ALC
SPR

2
ALC
FEA

5
4th93

Complete GP2 Series results

[edit]

(key) (Races inbold indicate pole position) (Races initalics indicate fastest lap)

YearEntrant1234567891011121314151617181920DCPoints
2010iSport InternationalCAT
FEA

5
CAT
SPR

5
MON
FEA

15
MON
SPR

15
IST
FEA

14
IST
SPR

18
VAL
FEA

Ret
VAL
SPR

12
SIL
FEA

8
SIL
SPR

2
HOC
FEA

8
HOC
SPR

2
HUN
FEA

4
HUN
SPR

5
SPA
FEA

6
SPA
SPR

5
MNZ
FEA

3
MNZ
SPR

6
YMC
FEA

2
YMC
SPR

17
6th47
2011CarlinIST
FEA
IST
SPR
CAT
FEA
CAT
SPR
MON
FEA

14
MON
SPR

8
VAL
FEA
VAL
SPR
SIL
FEA
SIL
SPR
NÜR
FEA
NÜR
SPR
HUN
FEA
HUN
SPR
SPA
FEA
SPA
SPR
MNZ
FEA
MNZ
SPR
25th0

Complete GP2 Asia Series results

[edit]

(key) (Races inbold indicate pole position) (Races initalics indicate fastest lap)

YearEntrant12345678DCPoints
2009–10iSport InternationalYMC1
FEA

8
YMC1
SPR

4
YMC2
FEA

1
YMC2
SPR

5
BHR1
FEA

9
BHR1
SPR

6
BHR2
FEA

9
BHR2
SPR

11
6th17
2011Ocean Racing TechnologyYMC
FEA

18
YMC
SPR

19
IMO
FEA

14
IMO
SPR

8
16th0

24 Hours of Le Mans results

[edit]
YearTeamCo-DriversCarClassLapsPos.Class
Pos.
2013United KingdomJota SportUnited KingdomSimon Dolan
GermanyLucas Luhr
Zytek Z11SN-NissanLMP231913th7th
2014United Kingdom Jota SportUnited KingdomSimon Dolan
United KingdomHarry Tincknell
Zytek Z11SN-NissanLMP23565th1st
2015United Kingdom Jota SportUnited KingdomSimon Dolan
New ZealandMitch Evans
Gibson 015S-NissanLMP235810th2nd
2018ChinaCEFC TRSM RacingUnited KingdomAlex Brundle
United KingdomOliver Rowland
Ginetta G60-LT-P1-MecachromeLMP1137DNFDNF

Complete European Le Mans Series results

[edit]

(key) (Races inbold indicate pole position) (Races initalics indicate fastest lap)

YearTeamClassCarEngine12345RankPoints
2013Jota SportLMP2Zytek Z11SNNissan VK45DE 4.5 L V8SIL
1
IMO
Ret
RBR
4
HUN
3
LEC
3
3rd71

Complete Super GT results

[edit]

(key) (Races inbold indicate pole position) (Races initalics indicate fastest lap)

YearTeamCarClass12345678DCPoints
2015Drago Modulo Honda RacingHonda NSX-GTGT500OKA
6
FUJ
8
CHA
10
FUJ
6
SUZ
12
SUG
7
AUT
7
MOT
7
12th26
2016Drago Modulo Honda RacingHonda NSX-GTGT500OKA
12
FUJ
13
SUG
7
FUJ
Ret
SUZ
Ret
CHAMOTMOT19th5

Complete Formula E results

[edit]

(key) (Races inbold indicate pole position; races initalics indicate fastest lap)

YearTeamChassisPowertrain12345678910111213141516PosPoints
2014–15NEXTEV TCRSparkSRT01-eSRT01-eBEIPUTPDEBUEMIALBHMCOBERMSCLDN
9
LDN
9
22nd4
2015–16NEXTEV TCRSparkSRT01-eNEXTEV TCR FormulaE 001BEI
6
PUT
Ret
PDE
12
BUE
9
MEX
11
LBH
12
PAR
13
BER
12
LDN
15†
LDN
10
14th11
2016–17NEXTEV NIOSparkSRT01-eNEXTEV FormulaE 002HKG
8
MRK
7
BUE
9
MEX
Ret
MCO
13†
PAR
11
BER
10
BER
9
NYC
6
NYC
14
MTL
15
MTL
17
12th26
2017–18NIO Formula E TeamSparkSRT01-eNextEVNio Sport 003HKG
16
HKG
6
MRK
Ret
SCL
14
MEX
2
PDE
7
RME
12
PAR
9
BER
5
ZUR
9
NYC
WD
NYC10th46
2018–19NIO Formula E TeamSparkSRT05eNio Sport 004ADR
13
MRK
16
SCL
8
MEX
12
HKG
9
SYX
12
RME
13
PAR
14
MCO
Ret
BER
18
BRN
16
NYC
10
NYC
13
20th7
2019–20Nio 333 FE TeamSparkSRT05eNio FE-005DIR
15
DIR
DSQ
SCL
11
MEX
13
MRK
21
BER
16
BER
18
BER
16
BER
22
BER
19
BER
21
24th0
2020–21Nio 333 FE TeamSparkSRT05eNIO 333 001DIR
10
DIR
6
RME
DNS
RME
14
VLC
NC
VLC
8
MCO
19
PUE
11
PUE
Ret
NYC
Ret
NYC
Ret
LDN
15
LDN
14
BER
19
BER
19
23rd13
2021–22Nio 333 FE TeamSparkSRT05eNIO 333 001DRH
19
DRH
18
MEX
14
RME
17
RME
7
MCO
14
BER
16
BER
17
JAK
12
MRK
17
NYC
15
NYC
16
LDN
15
LDN
14
SEO
Ret
SEO
15
18th6

Driver did not finish the race, but was classified as he completed more than 90% of the race distance.
* Season still in progress.

Complete FIA World Endurance Championship results

[edit]

(key) (Races inbold indicate pole position; races initalics indicate fastest lap)

YearEntrantClassChassisEngine12345678RankPoints
2018–19CEFC TRSM RacingLMP1Ginetta G60-LT-P1Mecachrome V634P1 3.4 L Turbo V6SPA
WD
LMS
Ret
SILFUJSHASEBSPALMSNC0

References

[edit]
  1. ^abAnderson, Ben (14 October 2009)."Turvey gets iSport GP2 seat".autosport.com.Haymarket Publications. Retrieved14 October 2009.
  2. ^Turvey is McLaren Autosport winnerautosport.com, 3 December 2006. Retrieved on 21 April 2007.
  3. ^Turvey expected to surprise in F3autosport.com, 4 December 2006. Retrieved on 21 April 2007.
  4. ^Turvey signs for Renault EurocupArchived 24 January 2007 at theWayback Machineoliverturvey.com. Retrieved on 21 April 2007.
  5. ^"Turvey completes Carlin line-up". autosport.com. 23 January 2009. Retrieved23 January 2009.
  6. ^Straw, Edd (16 November 2010)."Ricciardo tops day one of rookie test".autosport.com.Haymarket Publications. Retrieved17 November 2010.
  7. ^"Oliver Turvey back at Carlin for Monaco".crash.net. Crash Media Group. 26 May 2011. Retrieved26 May 2011.
  8. ^Beer, Matt (1 February 2011)."Turvey joins Ocean for GP2 Asia".autosport.com. Retrieved15 June 2014.
  9. ^"Turvey lands McLaren GT3 race role".Racing Steps Foundation. 4 May 2011. Archived fromthe original on 15 October 2013. Retrieved15 June 2014.
  10. ^Rowland, Nick (1 February 2012)."McLaren unveils its 2012 challenger".Race Department. Archived fromthe original on 12 February 2012. Retrieved3 February 2012.
  11. ^"Le Mans Series – McLaren test driver signs for Jota".Eurosport. 10 January 2013. Archived fromthe original on 6 September 2013. Retrieved15 June 2014.
  12. ^O'Leary, Jamie (13 April 2013)."Silverstone ELMS: Oliver Turvey and Jota win as rain truncates race".autosport.com. Retrieved15 June 2014.
  13. ^"Oliver Turvey set for the World Endurance Championship".McLaren. 13 February 2014. Archived fromthe original on 1 September 2014. Retrieved15 June 2014.
  14. ^Dagys, John (15 April 2014)."Millennium Withdraws from Silverstone".Sportscar365. Retrieved15 June 2014.
  15. ^DeGroot, Nick (7 June 2014)."Millennium Racing pulls out of Le Mans".motorsport.com. Retrieved15 June 2014.
  16. ^"Audi Takes 1–2 Finish in Eventful 24 Hours of Le Mans".msn.foxsports.com. 15 June 2014. Retrieved15 June 2014.
  17. ^Boxall-Legge, Jake (22 January 2025)."Williams signs Turvey as development and test driver for F1 2025".motorsport.com. Retrieved22 January 2025.
  18. ^"Nelson Piquet Jr crowned first ever FIA Formula E champion in thrilling London finale".NBC Sports. Luke Smith. 28 June 2015. Retrieved25 February 2023.
  19. ^"Tyre-pressure fault costs Abt pole".Eurosport. 1 April 2017. Archived fromthe original on 5 April 2017. Retrieved2 April 2017.
  20. ^Larkham, Lewis (4 March 2018)."Turvey praises NIO's progress after maiden Formula E podium". Crash.Archived from the original on 6 March 2018. Retrieved5 March 2018.
  21. ^Dagys, John (14 July 2018)."Turvey Ruled Out for Weekend; Ma to Sub on Sunday". eRacing365.Archived from the original on 22 October 2018. Retrieved19 November 2018.
  22. ^"Oliver Turvey ruled out of Formula E's New York finale after injury".Autosport. 14 July 2018.Archived from the original on 19 November 2018. Retrieved19 November 2018.
  23. ^"Rebranded NIO team reveals Turvey and Ma as 2019/20 FE drivers".Autosport. Alex Kalinauckes. 15 October 2019. Retrieved25 February 2023.
  24. ^"Blomqvist, Turvey at NIO for 2020-2021 FE season".Autosport. Matt Kew. 23 November 2020. Retrieved25 February 2023.
  25. ^"NIO 333's double Formula E points finish "a small victory" - Turvey".Motorsport. Jake Boxall-Legge. 12 April 2022. Retrieved25 February 2023.
  26. ^"Turvey takes reserve, sporting advisor role at DS Penske FE squad".Motorsport. Jake Boxall-Legge. 12 December 2022. Retrieved25 February 2023.
  27. ^Turvey is McLaren Autosport winner
  28. ^Cumbria Sports Awards 2008 (28 November 2008)."BBC – Cumbria – In Pictures – Cumbria Sports Awards 2008". Bbc.co.uk:80. Archived fromthe original on 13 November 2012. Retrieved22 June 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  29. ^"Other sports: athletics, motorsport, superbikes, snooker...and more — Mirror Online". Mirror.co.uk. Retrieved22 June 2013.
  30. ^"| Oliver Turvey Racing |". Oliverturvey.com. 1 April 1987. Archived fromthe original on 12 February 2012. Retrieved22 June 2013.
  31. ^ab"Cambridge Awards First Ever Motor Sport 'Blue' to Oliver Turvey". British F3 International Series. 14 August 2008. Archived fromthe original on 12 September 2009. Retrieved22 June 2013.
  32. ^abAutosport, 14 August 2008 p. 43. Retrieved on 18 August 2008.
  33. ^English, Steven (7 December 2008)."National Racing Driver: Oliver Turvey".Autosport. Retrieved22 June 2013.

External links

[edit]
Awards
Preceded byMcLaren Autosport BRDC Award
2006
Succeeded by
Preceded by
Jason Plato (Racing Driver)
Mark Higgins (Rally Driver)
Autosport
National Driver of the Year

2008
Succeeded by
Formula One reserve/test/development drivers
Drivers that are contracted as reserve/test/development drivers for teams of the2024 Formula One World Championship
Founders
Team Principal
Current personnel
Former personnel
2025 Race drivers
Test drivers
Driver academy
World Champions
Former drivers
Drivers' titles
Constructors' titles
Race winners
Formula One cars
Formula Two cars
Le Mans prototypes
Rally cars
Touring cars
Years active
1996–2023
Personnel
Former drivers
FIA Formula 2 Championship/GP2 Series
FIA Formula 3 Championship/GP3 Series
IndyCar Series
Winners of theChris Bristow Trophy for theAutosport BRDC Award
Racing winner
Rally winner
Combined winner
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oliver_Turvey&oldid=1282061884"
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