| Oliver! | |
|---|---|
.jpg) British theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Carol Reed |
| Screenplay by | Vernon Harris |
| Based on | Oliver! 1960 musical byLionel Bart Oliver Twist 1837 novel byCharles Dickens |
| Produced by | John Woolf |
| Starring | Ron Moody Oliver Reed Harry Secombe Shani Wallis Mark Lester Jack Wild |
| Cinematography | Oswald Morris |
| Edited by | Ralph Kemplen |
| Music by | Lionel Bart(music and lyrics) John Green(music score) |
Production company | |
| Distributed by | Columbia Pictures |
Release date |
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Running time | 153 minutes |
| Country | United Kingdom[1] |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $10 million |
| Box office | $40 million |
Oliver! is a 1968 Britishperiodmusicaldrama film directed byCarol Reed from a screenplay byVernon Harris, based onLionel Bart's1960 stage musical, itself an adaptation ofCharles Dickens' 1838 novelOliver Twist. It starsRon Moody,Oliver Reed,Harry Secombe,Shani Wallis,Jack Wild, andMark Lester in thetitle role.
Filmed atShepperton Film Studio inSurrey, the film was aRomulus production by John Woolf and was distributed worldwide byColumbia Pictures. It includes such musical numbers as "Food, Glorious Food", "Consider Yourself", "As Long as He Needs Me", "I'd Do Anything", "You've Got to Pick a Pocket or Two", and "Where Is Love?".
At the41st Academy Awards for 1968,Oliver! was nominated for elevenAcademy Awards and won six, includingBest Picture,Best Director for Reed, and anHonorary Award for choreographerOnna White. At the26th Golden Globe Awards, the film won twoGolden Globes:Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy andBest Actor – Musical or Comedy for Ron Moody. TheBritish Film Institute rankedOliver! the77th-greatest British film of the 20th century. In 2017, a poll of 150 actors, directors, writers, producers and critics forTime Out magazine rankedOliver! the 69th-best British film ever.
At a workhouse inDunstable, orphans are served their dailygruel. Some boys draw lots, with Oliver drawing the tangled one, forcing him to approachMr. Bumble and the Widow Corney, and ask for more gruel. Enraged, Bumble takes Oliver to the governors for punishment and then parades him through the streets to sell him as an apprentice. Mr. Sowerberry, an undertaker, purchases Oliver. Sowerberry's other apprentice Noah Claypole later insults Oliver's mother, who retaliates and is imprisoned in the cellar. He discovers that the window grate is unlocked and escapes.
A week later, Oliver reaches London. He meets theArtful Dodger, who takes him under his wing. Dodger brings Oliver to a hideout for young pickpockets led byFagin, who instructs the gang in the art of stealing. Fagin later meets with burglarBill Sikes by the tavern. When Fagin returns to the hideout, he goes through a secret cache of treasures. Oliver wakes up, notices Fagin's secret, and startles him. Fagin explains that the trove is to help him in his old age.
In the morning, Sikes' girlfriendNancy arrives at the hideout to collect his money. Fagin sends the boys out for the day, teaming Oliver with Dodger. At a bookstall, Dodger steals a wallet from the wealthyMr. Brownlow, who mistakes Oliver for being the thief and has police arrest him. At the court, the bookseller Mr. Jessop testifies that Oliver is innocent. Brownlow takes Oliver in, while Sikes and Fagin send Dodger to follow them.
Oliver has been living with Mr. Brownlow for several days. Sikes and Fagin are determined to get him back as they believe Oliver may tell on them; Sikes forces Nancy into helping as Oliver trusts her the most. The next day, Brownlow entrusts Oliver with a delivery for the bookshop. As he leaves, Brownlow notices a striking resemblance between Oliver and a portrait of his long-lost niece Emily. While walking through London, Oliver is sidetracked by Nancy and is kidnapped by Sikes and taken back to the hideout. Sikes is defied by Oliver, who in turn is protected by Nancy. When Fagin warns Sikes to remain calm, Sikes threatens him with his life, should their operation be compromised. Realising Sikes' violent nature, Fagin begins reconsidering his life as a thief, but decides to keep to his old ways.
Bumble and Corney visit Brownlow after he begins searching for Oliver's origin. They present a locket belonging to Oliver's mother, who arrived at the workhouse penniless and died during childbirth. Brownlow recognizes the locket as Emily's and throws the two out for keeping the trinket and information until they could collect a reward for it. Meanwhile, Sikes forces Oliver to take part in a house robbery. The robbery fails when Oliver accidentally awakens the occupants, but he and Sikes get away. While they are gone, Nancy, fearful for Oliver's life, goes to Brownlow, confessing her part in Oliver's kidnapping; however, she refuses to name Bill out of loyalty. She promises to return Oliver to Brownlow at midnight at London Bridge. She then goes to the tavern. When Sikes and Oliver appear, Sikes has his dog Bullseye guard the boy. Nancy starts up a livelydrinking song to distract Sikes, but Bullseye alerts him, who gives chase.
As Oliver and Nancy depart at London Bridge, Sikes catches up to them and violently bludgeons Nancy. Sikes takes off with Oliver, but Bullseye returns to where Nancy has succumbed to her injuries and alerts the police. The dog leads Brownlow and an angry mob to the thieves' hideout. Sikes arrives there and demands money, as well as confessing that he killed Nancy. Upon seeing the approaching mob, the thieves disband and flee. Sikes runs off with Oliver, using him as a hostage. During the evacuation, Fagin loses his prized possessions, which sink into mud. Sikes attempts to flee to an adjacent roof, but is shot dead by the police. Fagin makes up his mind to change his ways, but Dodger appears with a stolen wallet. The two dance off into the sunrise together, happily determined to live out the rest of their days as thieves, while Oliver returns to Brownlow's home for good.
The film used mostly young unknowns, among themMark Lester (Oliver),Shani Wallis (Nancy) andJack Wild asArtful Dodger, but also featuredHugh Griffith, an Oscar winner forBen-Hur, in the role of the Magistrate.Harry Secombe, who played Mr. Bumble, was well known in Britain but not in the United States, andOliver Reed, who played Bill Sikes, had just begun to make a name for himself. ProducerJohn Woolf suggested Oliver Reed for the role to the director Carol Reed, without knowing that the two were, in fact, related as nephew and uncle respectively. Many felt that the role of Nancy should have gone toGeorgia Brown, who had played the role in theWest End production.[2] Classical actorJoseph O'Conor, not well known in the U.S., played Mr. Brownlow.
Ron Moody later told an interviewer that when it was first proposed that he play Fagin, he felt that character was "pretty vicious and unpleasant; I didn't want to do that. I didn't want to perpetuate what I considered to be an unfair, unpleasant image of Jewish people." He came to realize "that the only way to play Fagin was to forget Dickens and create a clown and I used every trick I could think of to take Fagin away from Dickens' concept and to bring it into more of an entertainment situation."[3]
Filming atShepperton Studios commenced on 23 June 1967.[4]
The soundtrack is similar to the original play, although without Bill Sikes' song "My Name", the song "I Shall Scream", featuring Mr. Bumble and Mrs. Corney, and the song featuring Mr. Bumble and Mr. and Mrs. Sowerberry, "That's Your Funeral".
The film earned $10.5 million intheatrical rentals at the US and Canadian box office,[5] earning $40 million worldwide.[6][7] In the United Kingdom, the film played for 90 weeks at theLeicester Square Theatre in London, grossing $1,992,000. It had been seen by 5 million people across the country at that time.[8]
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Oliver! received widespread acclaim from critics. It was hailed byPauline Kael in her review published inThe New Yorker as being one of the few film versions of a stage musical that was superior to the original show, which she suggested she had walked out on. "The musical numbers emerge from the story with a grace that has been rarely seen since the musicals ofRené Clair."[9]
Roger Ebert of theChicago Sun-Times awarded the film four out of four stars. "Sir Carol Reed'sOliver! is a treasure of a movie," he wrote. "It is very nearly universal entertainment, one of those rare films likeThe Wizard of Oz that appeals in many ways to all sorts of people. It will be immediately exciting to the children, I think, because of the story and the unforgettable Dickens characters. Adults will like it for the sweep and zest of its production. And as a work of popular art, it will stand the test of time, I guess. It is as well-made as a film can be." He particularly admired Carol Reed's working relationship with the children in the film: "Not for a moment, I suspect, did Reed imagine he had to talk down to the children in his audience. Not for a moment are the children in the cast treated as children. They're equal participants in the great adventure, and they have to fend for themselves or bloody well get out of the way. This isn't a watered-down lollypop. It's got bite and malice along with... romance and humor." Although he stated that the film'sroadshow presentation was a minor problem for children, who are not used to long films, he praised the production design, musical adaptation score, and casting and acting, particularly that ofRon Moody andJack Wild. He concluded, "Oliver! succeeds finally because of its taste. It never stoops for cheap effects and never insults our intelligence. And because we can trust it, we can let ourselves go with it, and we do. It is a splendid experience."[10] He later named the film as the seventh-best film of 1968.[11]
John Simon wrote "Oliver is a nice, big movie musical [about] which it is hard to say anything of special interest to the reader or even to oneself."[12]
The Philadelphia Inquirer was enthusiastic: "There's atmosphere and airy grace to 'Oliver!.' It has catchy, sometimes beautiful songs and the voices to go with them. It rarely stops moving and it has the touch of melodramatic excitement... a prancing musical film which by reason of its stagecraft and performance is more exhilarating than it was on the stage, better rounded in its 'free' adaptation."[13]
Rotten Tomatoes awards the film a 90% "fresh" rating based on 79 reviews, with an average score of 8/10; the critics' consensus reads: "Oliver! transforms Charles Dickens' muckraking novel into a jaunty musical Victorian fairytale, buoyed by Ron Moody's charming star turn and Onna White's rapturous choreography."[14]
At his death in 2015,The Forward said that Moody succeeded in transforming "a viciously anti-Semitic literary portrait into a joyous musical onscreen image."[3]
Oliver!, along withColumbia Pictures' otherBest Picture nomineeFunny Girl, secured a combined total of 19Academy Award nominations, the most nominations for musicals from one studio in a year.
Oliver! was the last G-rated film to win theAcademy Award for Best Picture. It was the last movie musical to win the award, untilChicago in2002 (there have been other musicals nominated such asHello, Dolly!,Fiddler on the Roof,Cabaret,All That Jazz,Beauty and the Beast andMoulin Rouge!).Oliver! also had the distinction of being the last British film to win Best Picture untilChariots of Fire in1981.
In 2017, a poll of 150 actors, directors, writers, producers and critics forTime Out magazine rankedOliver! the 69th-best British film ever.[15]
TheAcademy Film Archive preservedOliver! in 1998.[23]
Commencing in the US in 1998,Oliver! has been released worldwide on DVD by Columbia Tristar Home Entertainment and its successorSony Pictures Home Entertainment. The US DVD has the film, complete with its original overture and entr'acte music, spread across two sides of adouble-sided disc, separated at the intermission. Everywhere else, it was issued on a single-sided disc.[24]
Since 2013, it has been released on Blu-ray in several countries by Sony, with the US having an additional limited edition release byTwilight Time.[25]
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