Ole Hanson | |
|---|---|
.png) Hanson in 1919 | |
| Mayor of Seattle | |
| In office March 18, 1918 – August 28, 1919 | |
| Preceded by | Hiram C. Gill |
| Succeeded by | C. B. Fitzgerald |
| Member of theWashington House of Representatives from the 43rd district | |
| In office 1909–1911 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | (1874-01-06)January 6, 1874 Union Grove, Wisconsin, U.S. |
| Died | July 6, 1940(1940-07-06) (aged 66) Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Political party | Republican (1918–) |
| Other political affiliations | Progressive "Bull Moose" (1912) |
| Children | 10 |
| Occupation | Politician |
| Known for | Founder ofSan Clemente, California |
Ole Thorsteinsson Hanson (January 6, 1874 – July 6, 1940)[1] was an American politician who served asmayor ofSeattle, Washington, from 1918 to 1919. Hanson became a national figure promotinglaw and order when he took a hardline position during the1919 Seattle General Strike. He then resigned as mayor, wrote a book, and toured thelecture circuit, earning tens of thousands of dollars inhonoraria lecturing to conservative civic groups about his experiences and views, promoting opposition tolabor unions andBolshevism. Hanson later leftWashington and founded the city ofSan Clemente, California, in 1925.[2]
Ole Hanson was born in a log cabin inUnion Grove inRacine County, Wisconsin, the son of Thorsten Hanson and Goro Tostofson Hanson.[3] He was the fifth of six children raised by theNorwegian immigrant couple.[4]
As a teenager, the precocious Hanson worked as a tailor during the day and studied law at night.[4] He passed the Wisconsin bar in 1893, despite being two years too young to practice law.[4] In the end, Hanson never did work in the legal profession, instead going into the grocery business before moving west and going into real estate.[5]
He worked as areal estate developer and co-foundedLake Forest Park, Washington, in 1912 as a rural planned community for professionals in theSeattle area.[6]
Entering political life, he served in theWashington House of Representatives during 1908 and 1909.[3] In 1912 he supportedTheodore Roosevelt forPresident of the United States.[2] In 1914, Hanson himself ran for theUnited States Senate as the candidate of the so-calledBull Moose Party.[3] Hanson garnered nearly a quarter of the vote in the five-way race, won byRepublican incumbentWesley Livsey Jones with a 37% plurality.
In March 1918, Hanson was elected the thirty-thirdmayor of Seattle. Both he and his opponent, James Bradford, were progressive Republicans, but Hanson was considered more pro-labor. He ran on a platform of patriotism, eight hour workday for female workers, a minimum wage, initiative and referendum, and others. Predicted to win a strong majority, Hanson won by a slimmer margin of 32,286 to 27,677 for Bradford, or about seven points. Hanson supported the recall of socialistAnna Louise Strong from her school board seat.[7]
In February 1919, tens of thousands of workers went on strike in what would become theSeattle General Strike. In 1916 and 1918, there was nearly a general strike, but negotiations had successfully defused the situation, while in 1919 they failed. Caused by the lowering of wages of shipyard workers, almost two dozen unions joined the strike.[8] Right before and after his election, relations had soured between Hanson and the unions, and he was intensely critical of theIndustrial Workers of the World on the campaign. Hanson deputized three thousand soldiers fromFort Lewis, and threatened to impose martial law despite lacking the authority to do so. Lacking cohesion and clear demands, the general strike began to dissipate as workers went back to work. Before a full week had passed, the strike was ended. Hanson received praise and national attention for his steadfastness against the unions.[9]
In April 1919, anarchists made him one of the targets ofbooby-trap bombs mailed to approximately 30 prominent American officials. Hanson survived the assassination attempt,[2] and responded by calling for a nationwide campaign ofhangings andlife imprisonment for members of theI.W.W. and other radicals.[10] He resigned as Mayor on August 28, 1919, saying: "I am tired out and am going fishing."[5][11]
Following his resignation, Hanson set to work writing a book on what he perceived to be the radical menace to America, published in January 1920 in the immediate aftermath of the so-called "Palmer Raids" asAmericanism versus Bolshevism. In this tome, Hanson declared:[12]
I am tired of reading rhetorical, finely spun, hypocritical, far-fetched excuses for bolshevism, communism, syndicalism, IWWism! Nauseated by the sickly sentimentality of those who would conciliate, pander, and encourage all who would destroy our Government, I have tried to learn the truth and tell it in United States English of one or two syllables....With syndicalism — and its youngest child, bolshevism — thrive murder, rape, pillage, arson, free love, poverty, want, starvation, filth, slavery, autocracy, suppression, sorrow and Hell on earth. It is a class government of the unable, the unfit, the untrained; of the scum, of the dregs, of the cruel, and of the failures. Freedom disappears, liberty emigrates, universal suffrage is abolished, progress ceases,...and a militant minority, great only in their self-conceit, reincarnate under theDictatorship of the Proletariat a greater tyranny than ever existed under czar, emperor, or potentate.
In Hanson's view, the fact that the 1919 Seattlegeneral strike was peaceful belied its revolutionary nature and intent. He wrote:[13]
The so-called sympathetic Seattle strike was an attempted revolution. That there was no violence does not alter the fact... The intent, openly and covertly announced, was for the overthrow of the industrial system; here first, then everywhere... True, there were no flashing guns, no bombs, no killings. Revolution, I repeat, doesn't need violence. The general strike, as practised in Seattle, is of itself the weapon of revolution, all the more dangerous because quiet. To succeed, it must suspend everything; stop the entire life stream of a community... That is to say, it puts the government out of operation. And that is all there is to revolt — no matter how achieved.
Hanson toured the country giving lectures about the dangers of "domestic bolshevism." He earned $38,000 in 7 months, 5 times his annual salary as mayor.[14]
In 1925, Hanson put some of his wealth to work by purchasing a 2,000-acre (8.1 km2) tract at the southern tip ofOrange County, California. Hanson believed that the area's pleasant climate, beautiful beaches and fertile soil would serve as a haven to Californians who were tired of urban life. He named the citySan Clemente after neighboringSan Clemente Island, southernmost ofCalifornia'sChannel Islands.
Hanson envisioned his new project as a Spanish-style coastal resort town. He proclaimed, "I have a clean canvas and I am determined to paint a clean picture. Think of it — a canvas five miles long and one-half miles wide!"
In an unprecedented move, Hanson had a clause added to all deeds requiring that building plans be submitted to an architectural review board in an effort to ensure that future development would retainSpanish Colonial Revival style influence.[citation needed] Red tile roofs became a stylistic signature of the new community. Hanson succeeded in promoting his new venture and selling property to interested buyers. The area was officially incorporated as a city on February 27, 1928.
Over the years, Hanson built various public structures in San Clemente, including the Beach Club, the Community Center, the pier, and Max Berg Plaza Park, which were later donated to the city. He also had a Spanish Style home built overlooking the San Clemente Pier. This home was later namedCasa Romantica.
Financially leveraged withmortgages on his various property ventures, Hanson lost all his remaining holdings during theGreat Depression, including his beloved mansion in San Clemente.[4] Hanson eventually moved along to launch a new property development atTwentynine Palms inSan Bernardino County, California.[4]
Ole Hanson died of aheart attack on July 6, 1940, inLos Angeles, California.[4] He was 66 years old at the time of his death. Hanson was survived by his widow and ten children.[2]
The city of San Clemente bears numerous reminders of its founding father, including the Ole Hanson historic pool which overlooks the Pacific Ocean. His home in the center of the city overlooking the historic pier was restored and opened to the community as a cultural center.[citation needed]
| Party political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| First after direct election of Senators wasadopted in 1913 | Progressive (Bull Moose) nominee for U.S. Senator fromWashington (Class 3) 1914 | Party dissolved |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by | Mayor of Seattle 1918–1919 | Succeeded by |
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
