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Old Tagalog

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Language spoken in 10th century AD
Old Tagalog
ᜆᜄᜎᜓ
Pronunciation[t̪ɐ̞gal̪og]
RegionPhilippines, particularly the present-day regions ofCalabarzon andMimaropa
Era10th century AD (developed into Classical Tagalog inc. 16th century; continued as modernSouthern Tagalog dialects spoken inAurora,[1] Calabarzon, and Mimaropa, most popular is theBatangas dialect.)
Baybayin
Luzon Kawi (before c. 1300)
Language codes
ISO 639-3
This article containsBaybayin script. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Baybayin characters.

Old Tagalog (Tagalog:Lumang Tagalog;Baybayin: pre-virama:ᜎᜓᜋ ᜆᜄᜎᜓ, post-virama [krus kudlit]:ᜎᜓᜋᜅ᜔ ᜆᜄᜎᜓᜄ᜔; post-virama [pamudpod]: ᜎᜓᜋᜅ᜕ ᜆᜄᜎᜓᜄ᜕) refers to the unattested,pre-Hispanic stage of theTagalog language. The language originated from theProto-Philippine language and evolved to Classical Tagalog spoken during Spanish occupation, which was the basis forModern Tagalog. Old Tagalog sparsely usedBaybayin, one of the scriptsindigenous to the Philippines.

No manuscripts, inscriptions, or written records in Tagalog are known from the pre-colonial period.

History

[edit]
TheBaybayin script, used to write in Tagalog prior to the arrival of the Spanish in 16th century.

Old Tagalog is one of theCentral Philippine languages, which evolved from theProto-Philippine language, which comes from the Austronesian peoples who settled in the Philippines around 2200 BC.[2]

The early history of the Tagalog language remains relatively obscure, and a number of theories exist as to the exact origins of the Tagalog peoples and their language. Scholars such asRobert Blust suggest that the Tagalogs originated in northeastern Mindanao or the eastern Visayas.[3] Possible words of Old Tagalog origin are attested in theLaguna Copperplate Inscription from the 10th century, which is largely written inOld Malay.[4]

The question has been raised about the origin of some words in the various languages of the Philippines and their possible connection to ancient Buddhist and Hindu culture in the region, as the language is influenced bySanskrit,Malay,Tamil andChinese.[5][6]

Phonology

[edit]
Old Tagalog vowels
FrontCentralBack
Closei/i/u/u/
Opena/a/
Consonant phonemes of Old Tagalog[7]
LabialDental/
Alveolar
DorsalGlottal
Nasalmnŋ
Stoppbtdkɡʔ
Fricativesh
Approximantwlj

Writing system

[edit]
Main article:Baybayin

Old Tagalog was written inBaybayin, a writing system formerly used in the Philippines which belongs to theBrahmic family of scripts.

The italicized letters are foreign.

vowels
a
i
e
u
o
b
/b/ᜊ᜔
ba
bi
be
ᜊᜒ
bu
bo
ᜊᜓ
k
/k/ᜃ᜔
ka
ki
ke
ᜃᜒ
ku
ko
ᜃᜓᜓ
d/r
/d/ /r/ᜇ᜔
da/ra
di/ri
de/re
ᜇᜒ
du/ru
do/ro
ᜇᜓ
g
/g/ᜄ᜔
ga
gi
ge
ᜄᜒ
gu
go
ᜄᜓ
h
/h/ᜑ᜔
ha
hi
he
ᜑᜒ
hu
ho
ᜑᜓ
l
/l/ᜎ᜔
la
li
le
ᜎᜒ
lu
lo
ᜎᜓ
m
/m/ᜋ᜔
ma
mi
me
ᜋᜒ
mu
mo
ᜋᜓ
n
/n/ᜈ᜔
na
ni
ne
ᜈᜒ
nu
no
ᜈᜓ
ng
/ŋ/ᜅ᜔
nga
ngi
nge
ᜅᜒ
ngu
ngo
ᜅᜓ
p
/p/ᜉ᜔
pa
pi
pe
ᜉᜒ
pu
po
ᜉᜓ
s
/s/ᜐ᜔
sa
si
se
ᜐᜒ
su
so
ᜐᜓ
t
/t/ᜆ᜔
ta
ti
te
ᜆᜒ
tu
to
ᜆᜓ
w
/w/ᜏ᜔
wa
wi
we
ᜏᜒ
wu
wo
ᜏᜓ
y
/j/ᜌ᜔
ya
yi
ye
ᜌᜒ
yu
yo
ᜌᜓ

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^While Aurora is geographically northern Tagalog area which borders Bulacan & Nueva Ecija, Aurora Tagalog dialect is closely related to Tayabas Tagalog of Quezon mostly by accent & vocabulary.(Discovering AuroraArchived January 31, 2024, at theWayback Machine in phinder.ph,Is it true that Aurora uses the Southern Tagalog dialect? in Reddit)[better source needed].
  2. ^Mijares, Armand Salvador B. (2006)."The Early Austronesian Migration To Luzon: Perspectives From The Peñablanca Cave Sites".Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association (26):72–78. Archived fromthe original on July 7, 2014.
  3. ^Blust, Robert (1991)."The Greater Central Philippines Hypothesis".Oceanic Linguistics.30 (2):73–129.doi:10.2307/3623084.JSTOR 3623084.
  4. ^Postma, Antoon. (1992). The Laguna Copper-Plate Inscription: Text and Commentary.Philippine Studies vol. 40, no. 2:183–203
  5. ^"Indian Origins of Filipino Customs". Vedic Empire. Archived from the original on March 15, 2008. Retrieved2013-11-09.
  6. ^"The Indian in the Filipino - INQUIRER.net, Philippine News for Filipinos". Globalnation.inquirer.net. Archived fromthe original on 2015-06-21. Retrieved2013-11-09.
  7. ^Zorc, David (1993). "The Prehistory and Origin of the Tagalog People". In Øyvind Dahl (ed.).Language - a doorway between human cultures : tributes to Dr. Otto Chr. Dahl on his ninetieth birthday. Oslo: Novus. pp. 201–211.

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