| Old Lombard | |
|---|---|
| lonbardo,lombardesco | |
| Native to | Italy |
| Region | Northern Italy, specifically theLordship of Milan, Crema, Cremona, Lodi, and Bressa. |
| Ethnicity | Lombards |
| Era | Evolved intoModern Lombard,Siculo-Lombard andLucano-Lombard in the end of the 14th century.[citation needed] |
Early forms | |
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
Old Lombard (OldLombard:lombardesco, lonbardo) is anOld Gallo-Italic dialect and the earliest form ofLombard. Spoken in the 13th and 14th centuries within theLate Middle Ages, several folks such as the Milanese writersBonvesin da la Riva andPietro da Barsegapé in theDuecento wrote in this dialect.
Old Lombard shows precursors to modern Lombard in many areas and thus represents a helpful source for its historical grammar. The distinguishing features include:
Although Old Lombard is well documented, the research is still subject to some limitations. Since the medieval copyists did not usediacritical signs in the sense of modern orthography, the spelling often does not provide immediate information about the sound level. Often there are also Latinized, Tuscan, or Occitan spellings that cannot be reconciled with Lombard pronunciation. Since no elisions were marked in the medieval manuscripts, it is not possible, for example, to conclusively determine whether or in which cases ⟨che⟩ stands for the mere conjunctionche 'that' and how often the sequence actuallych'e 'that I' can be read.Such questions are of central importance for the development of the mandatory subject pronouns in modern Lombardic.
Liber di Tre Scricciur
In nom de Jesu Criste e de Sancta Maria
Quest'ovra al so onor acomenzadha sia:
Ki vol odir cuintar parol de baronia,
Sì olza e sì intenda per soa cortesia.
Odir e no intende negata zovarave
E ki ben intendesse anc negata farave
Ki no metess in ovra so k'el intenderave:
O l'om no mett lo cor e l'ingegn nient vare.
In questo nostro libro da tre guis è scrigiura:
La prima sì è negra e è de grand pagura
La segonda è rossa, la terza è bella e pura
Pur lavoradha a oro ke dis de grand dolzura.
English translation:
Book of the Three Scriptures
In the name of Jesus Christ, and Saint Mary
This work began in their honor:
Who wants to hear a valuable speech,
Please listen and understand.
Listening and not understanding would do no good,
And whoever understood well would still conclude nothing,
If he does not put into practice what he has understood:
What you don't put your heart and ingenuity into has no value.
In this book we deal with three types of writing:
The first is black and instills great fear
The second is red, the third is beautiful and pure,
Also worked with gold, so much so that you would say it is of great refinement.
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