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Okinawa naval order of battle

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Landings on Okinawa and neighboring islands
DestroyerWilliam D. Porter sinks after akamikaze attack off Okinawa, 10 June 1945. Alanding craft, support stands by to pick up survivors.

For the April 1945invasion of Okinawa (Allied codename: OperationIceberg), theAllies assembled the most powerful naval force in history. Since the few remaining capital ships of theImperial JapaneseCombined Fleet had been sunk or otherwise put out of action at theBattle of Leyte Gulf, the Allies were effectively unopposed in terms of major surface vessels; asingle mission consisting of the superbattleshipYamato and a few escorts was undertaken, but the task force did not get within 200nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi) of the invasion area. The main Japanese naval opposition within the invasion area came from hundreds of Imperial Japanese NavyShin'yō-class suicide motorboats and Maru-Ni Imperial Japanese Army attack boats.

Since the Japanese air arm had been equally decimated by this point in the war, the lack of trained and experienced pilots led them to deploy thekamikaze extensively in the waters offOkinawa.

US Navy combat ships:
11fleet carriers, 6light carriers, 22escort carriers, 8fast battleships, 10 oldbattleships, 2 largecruisers, 13heavy cruisers, 13light cruisers, 4 anti-aircraftlight cruisers, 132destroyers, 45destroyer escorts

Amphibious assault vessels:
84attack transports, 29attack cargo ships,LCIs,LSMs,LSTs,LSVs, etc.

Auxiliaries:
52submarine chasers, 23 fastminesweepers, 69 minesweepers, 11minelayers, 49oilers, etc.

Royal Navy combat ships:
5 fleet carriers, 2 battleships, 7 light cruisers, 14 destroyers

Losses
The smaller ships were least able to withstand damage fromkamikaze attacks.

Allied command structure

[edit]
Naval commanders for OperationIceberg
Adm. Chester W. Nimitz
Adm. Raymond A. Spruance
Vice Adm. Richmond Kelly Turner
Ground force commanders
Lt. Gen. Simon B. Buckner, USA (KIA)
Maj. Gen. Roy S. Geiger, USMC
Maj. Gen. John R. Hodge, USA

Naval

[edit]

The roles of Commander in Chief,Pacific Ocean Areas (CINCPOA) andCommander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Fleet (CINCPAC) were both exercised by AdmiralChester W. Nimitz from his headquarters atPearl Harbor,Hawaii.

Since the "Big Blue Fleet" was at this time under the command of AdmiralRaymond Spruance aboard his flagshipUSS Indianapolis, the force was designatedFifth Fleet. (It had been Third Fleet until Spruance relieved AdmiralWilliam Halsey in January, as part of the "alternating command" system).

The ships and troops of OperationIceberg were under direct operational command of Rear AdmiralRichmond Kelly Turner aboard amphibious command shipEldorado.

Ground troops

[edit]

Son of aConfederate army general, Lt. Gen.Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr. was one of four US lieutenant generals to die duringWorld War II, but the only one to die by enemy action. On 18 June, Buckner was visiting a forward observation post when a Japanese artillery shell struck a coral outcropping, fragments of which struck Buckner in the chest. Command of Tenth Army passed to Marine Maj. Gen. Roy S. Geiger.

United States Tenth Army (Lt. Gen.Simon Bolivar Buckner, Jr. (KIA))

III Amphibious Corps (Maj. Gen.Roy S. Geiger)
Left beaches:6th Marine Division (Maj. Gen.Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr.)
Right beaches:1st Marine Division (Maj. Gen.Pedro A. del Valle)
XXIV Army Corps (Maj. Gen.John R. Hodge)
Left beaches:7th Infantry ("Bayonet") Division (Maj. Gen.A.V. Arnold)
Right beaches:96th Infantry ("Deadeye") Division (Maj. Gen.J.L. Bradley)
Landed L+8:27th Infantry ("New York") Division (Maj. Gen.G.W. Griner, Jr.)
Tactical Air Force, Tenth Army (Maj. Gen.Francis P. Mulcahy, USMC; Maj. Gen.Louis E. Woods, USMC)

Allied amphibious forces

[edit]

Joint Expeditionary Force (Task Force 51)

[edit]
Amphibious command ships
USSEldorado
USSMount McKinley

Vice AdmiralRichmond Kelly Turner in amphibious command shipEldorado

Western Islands Attack Group (Task Group 51.1)
Attack transportLaGrange
Destroyer transportScribner
Landing craft repair shipEgeria
TugboatYuma
Attack transportHendry
Rear Admiral I.N. Kiland in amphibious command shipMount McKinley
Embarking77th Infantry ("Statue of Liberty") Division and
one Marine BLT (Maj. Gen.Andrew D. Bruce, USA)
Transport Group "Fox"
Commodore T.B. Brittain
Transport Division 49
4 attack transports:Chilton,LaGrange,Tazewell,St. Mary's
2 attack cargos:Oberon,Torrance
Transport Division 50
4 attack transports:Henrico,Pitt,Natrona,Drew
1 attack cargo:Tate
1 evacuation transport:Rixey
Transport Division 51
5 attack transports:Goodhue,Eastland,Telfair,Mountrail,Montrose
2 attack cargos:Wyandot,Suffolk
Reconnaissance section
2 destroyer transports:Scribner,Kinzer
Western Islands Tractor Flotilla: 18LSTs
Western Islands Reserve Tractor Group: 10LSTs
Western Islands LSM Group: 11LSMs
Western Islands Control Unit: 7submarine chasers: (3 steel hull, 4 wooden hull)
Western Islands Support Craft Flotilla
Mortar support divisions 6, 7, 8
RCM and Rocket Division 3
Gunboat Support Divisions 1, 3, 4, 5
LSM(R) Group
Western Islands Hydrographic Survey Group: 4submarine chasers (steel hull)
Western Island Service & Salvage Unit
1 salvage vessel:Clamp
1 landing craft repair ship:Egeria
2 fleet tugs:Yuma,Tekesta
2LCI(L)s
1LCT
Screen
CaptainFrederick Moosbrugger in amphibious command shipBiscayne
8 destroyers
8Fletcher-class (5 × 5-in. main battery):Picking,Sproston,Wickes,William D. Porter (sunk bykamikaze 10 Jun)Isherwood,Kimberly,Luce,Charles J. Badger
6 destroyer escorts
3John C. Butler-class (2 × 5-in. main battery):Richard W. Suesens,Abercrombie,Oberrender
3Cannon-class (3 × 3-in. main battery):Riddle,Swearer,Stern
3 destroyer transports:Humphreys,Herbert,Dickerson (scuttled 4 Apr followingkamikaze attack on 2 Apr)
Demonstration Group "Charlie" (Task Group 51.2)
Rear AdmiralJerauld Wright
Embarking Demonstration Landing Force (2nd Marine Division), Major GeneralThomas E. Watson, USMC
Transport Squadron 15
5 attack transports:Bayfield,Mellette,Hendry,Sibley,Berrien
3 attack cargos:Shoshone,Theenim,Southampton
1 evacuation transport:Pinkney

Northern Attack Force (Task Force 53)

[edit]
Maj. Gen. Roy S. Geiger (third from left) and his staff planning the Marine Corps phase of the invasion of Okinawa. Chief of Staff Silverthorn is gesturing toward the map.
Catskill-class vehicle landing ship at Subic Bay, 1945
Steel-hulled sub chaser

Rear AdmiralLawrence F. Reifsnider in amphibious command shipPanamint
EmbarkingIII Amphibious Corps (Maj. Gen.Roy S. Geiger, USMC)

Transport Group "Able" (Task Group 53.1)
Commodore H.B. Knowles
Embarking6th Marine Division (Maj. Gen.Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr., USMC)
Transport Division 34
6 attack transports:Cambria,Marvin H. McIntyre,Adair,Gage,Noble,Gilliam
2 attack cargos:Sheliak,Hydrus
Transport Division 35
5 attack transports:Clay,Leon,George Clymer,Arthur Middleton,Catron
2 attack cargos:Caswell,Devosa
Transport Division 36
5 attack transports:Monrovia,Wayne,Sumter,Menifee,Fuller
3 attack cargos:Aquarius,Circe,Casa Grande
1vehicle landing ship:Catskill
Transport Group "Baker" (Task Group 53.2)
Commodore J. G. Moyer
Embarking1st Marine Division (Maj. Gen.Pedro A. del Valle, USMC)
Transport Division 52
8 attack transports:Burleigh,McCracken,Thomas Jefferson,Charles Carroll,Barnett,Andromeda,Cepheus,Oak Hill
1vehicle landing ship:Monitor
Transport Division 53
5 attack transports:Marathon,Rawlins,Renville,New Kent,Burleson
2 attack cargos:Centaurus,Arcturus
Transport Division 54
5 attack transports:Dade,Magoffin,Navarro,Effingham,Joseph T. Dickman
3 attack cargos:Betelgeuse,Procyon,White Marsh
Northern Tractor Flotilla (Task Group 53.3)
Capt. J. S. Laidlaw
Tractor Group "Able": 16LSTs carrying 6LCTs, 22 pontoon barges and 6 pontoon causeways; 7LSMs
Tractor Group "Baker": 16LSTs carrying 10LCTs, 16 pontoon barges and 6 pontoon causeways
Tractor Group "Charlie": 14LSTs carrying 20 pontoon barges; 8LSMs
Northern Control Group: 18submarine chasers (4 steel hull, 9 wooden hull, 5 sweeper type), Northern Beach Party
Northern Attack Force Screen (Task Group 53.6)
Captain J. H. Wellings
Buckley-class destroyer escort
Armadillo-class oil storage ship
13 destroyers
2Allen M. Sumner-class (6 × 5-in. main battery):Massey,Hugh W. Hadley
4Fletcher-class (5 × 5-in. main battery):Pringle (sunk bykamikaze 16 Apr),Hutchins,Stanly,Howorth
4Benham-class (4 × 5-in. main battery):Lang,Stack,Sterett,Wilson
3Sims-class (5 × 5-in. main battery):Morris,Mustin,Russell
5 destroyer escorts
4Buckley-class (3 × 3-in. main battery):Gendreau,Fieberling,William C. Cole,Paul G. Baker
1Evarts-class (3 × 3-in. main battery):Bebas
2 destroyer transports:Charles Lawrence,Roper
3submarine chasers (2 escort type, 1 wooden hull)
Northern Defense Group (Task Group 53.7)
Capt. W. W. Weeden
Embarking Marine Corps support units and high priority cargo: 21LSTs carryingLCT and pontoon causeways
2 oil storage ships:Elk,Camel
1Evarts-class (3 × 3-in. main battery) destroyer escort:Fair
2submarine chasers (wooden hull), 7 motor minesweepers

Southern Attack Force (Task Force 55)

[edit]
Maj. Gen. John R. Hodge
Attack cargo shipAlgorab
Landing ship, tank (LST)
Evarts-class destroyer escort
Landing craft, infantry (LCIs)
Cannon-class destroyer escort

Rear AdmiralJohn L. Hall in amphibious command shipTeton
EmbarkingXXIV Army Corps (Maj. Gen.John R. Hodge)

Transport Group "Dog" (Task Group 55.1)
Commodore M.O. Carlson
Embarking7th Infantry ("Bayonet") Division (Maj. Gen.Archibald V. Arnold, USA)
Transport Division 37
4 attack transports:Harris,Lamar,Sheridan,Pierce
1 attack cargo:Algorab
Transport Division 38
4 attack transports:Barnstable,Elmore,Alpine,Lycoming
1 attack cargo:Alshain
1landing ship dock:Epping Forest
Transport Division 39
4 attack transports:Custer,Freestone,Kittson,Baxter
2 attack cargos:Algol,Arneb
Transport Division 13
4 attack transports:Appling,Butte,Audrain,Laurens
2 attack cargos:Aurelia,Corvus
1vehicle landing ship:Ozark
Tractor Group "Dog"
16LSTs, 12LSMs, 2LCIs
Tractor Group "Fox"
14LSTs carryingLCTs and pontoon barges, 10LSMs
Transport Group "Easy" (Task Group 55.2)
Commodore C.G. Richardson
Embarking96th Infantry ("Deadeye") Division (Maj. Gen. James L. Bradley, USA)
Transport Division 40
4 attack transports:Mendocino,Sarasota,Haskell,Oconto
2 attack cargos:Capricornus,Chara
1landing ship dock:Lindenwald
Transport Division 41
4 attack transports:Olmstead,La Porte,Fond du Lac,Banner
2 attack cargos:Diphda,Uvalde
Transport Division 42
4 attack transports:Neshoba,Oxford,Latimer,Edgecombe
1 attack cargo:Virgo
1landing ship dock:Gunston Hall
Transport Division 14
4 attack transports:Allendale,Meriwether,Menard,Kenton
1 attack cargo:Achernar
Tractor Group "Easy": 23LSTs, 5LSMs
Beach Party "Easy", Southern Beach Party
15submarine chasers: 4 steel hull, 7 wooden hull, 4 sweeper type
17LCS(L)s, 6LSM(R)s
Screen (Task Group 55.6)
Captain E.W. Young
13 destroyers
4Allen M. Sumner-class (6 × 5-in. main battery):Hyman,Purdy,Wadsworth,Putnam
9Fletcher-class (5 × 5-in. main battery):Anthony,Bache,Bush (sunk bykamikaze 6 Apr),Mullany,Bennett,Hudson,Beale,Ammen,Rooks
6 destroyer escorts
2Evarts-class (3 × 3-in. main battery):Crouter,Carlson,
2Buckley-class (3 × 3-in. main battery):Damon M. Cummings,Vammen
1Cannon-class (3 × 3-in. main battery):O'Neill
1John C. Butler-class (2 × 5-in. main battery):Walter C. Wann
1 destroyer transport
Sims
Southern Defense Group (Task Group 55.7)
Commander B.T. Zelenka
1Evarts-class destroyer escort:Manlove
1 destroyer transport:Stringham
34LSTs, 14LSMs, 6 motor minesweepers, 2LCIs
1 oil storage ship:Grumium

Expeditionary Troops (Task Force 56)

[edit]
Final photograph of Lt. Gen. Simon B. Buckner, Jr. (right), shortly before his death by artillery fire on Okinawa

Lieutenant GeneralSimon Bolivar Buckner, Jr., USA (KIA 18 Jun)
Consisting ofUnited States Tenth Army

Northern Landing Area
III Amphibious Corps (Embarked inTask Force 53)
Maj. Gen.Roy S. Geiger, USMC
Left beaches:6th Marine Division (Maj. Gen.Lemuel C. Shepherd, Jr., USMC)
Right beaches:1st Marine Division (Maj. Gen.Pedro A. del Valle, USMC)
Southern Landing Area
XXIV Army Corps (Embarked inTask Force 55)
Maj. Gen.John R. Hodge, USA
Left beaches:7th Infantry ("Bayonet") Division (Maj. Gen.Archibald V. Arnold, USA)
Right beaches:96th Infantry ("Deadeye") Division (Maj. Gen. James L. Bradley, USA)
Landed L+8:27th Infantry ("New York") Division (Maj. Gen. George W. Griner, Jr., USA)
Western Islands
Landed L+26:77th Infantry ("Statue of Liberty") Division and one Marine BLT (Maj. Gen.Andrew D. Bruce, USA)

Allied combat ships

[edit]

Amphibious Support Forces (Task Force 52)

[edit]
Rear Adm. William H.P. Blandy
Rear Adm. Clifton A.F. Sprague

Rear AdmiralWilliam H.P. Blandy in amphibious command shipEstes

Escort carrierSavo Island
Marine Corps Corsairs in 1944
Support Carrier Group (Task Group 52.1)
Rear AdmiralCalvin T. Durgin
Unit One
Rear AdmiralClifton A.F. Sprague
7 escort carriers
Makin Island (Capts. W.B. Whaley and I.E. Hobbs)
VC-84 (Lt. D.K. English, USNR), 27 aircraft
16FM-2 Wildcat fighters
11TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Fanshaw Bay (Capt. M.E. Arnold)
VOC-2 (Lt. Cmdr. R.M. Allison), 30 aircraft
24FM-2 Wildcat fighters
6TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Lunga Point (Capt. G.A.T. Washburn)
VC-85 (Lt. Cmdr. F.C. Herriman), 30 aircraft
18FM-2 Wildcat fighters
12TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Sangamon (Capts. M.E. Browder and A.I. Malstrom)
Air Group 33 (Cmdr. F.B. Gilkeson), 30 aircraft
24F6F Hellcat fighters
6TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Natoma Bay (Capts. Albert K. Morehouse and B.B. Nichol)
VC-81 (Lt. Cmdr. W.B. Morton, USNR), 32 aircraft
20FM-2 Wildcat fighters
12TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Savo Island (Capt. W.D. Anderson)
VC-91 (Lt. F.M. Blanchard, USNR), 35 aircraft
20FM-2 Wildcat fighters
15TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Anzio (Capt. G.C. Montgomery)
VC-13 (Lt. Cmdr. R.P. Williams, USNR), 24 aircraft
12FM-2 Wildcat fighters
12TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Screen (Commander J.C. Zahm)
6 destroyers
1Allen M. Sumner-class (6 × 5-in. main battery):Ingraham
3Fletcher-class (5 × 5-in. main battery):Boyd,Bradford,Hart
2Bagley-class (4 × 5-in. main battery):Bagley,Patterson
11 destroyer escorts
9John C. Butler-class (2 × 5-in. main battery):Lawrence C. Taylor,Melvin R. Nawman,Oliver Mitchell,Robert F. Keller,Tabberer,Richard M. Rowell,Richard S. Bull,Dennis,O'Flaherty
2Evarts-class (3 × 3-in. main battery):Sederstrom,Fleming
Unit Two
Rear Adm. Felix B. Stump
Curtiss SB2C Helldiver dive bombers
Grumman TBF Avenger torpedo bomber
Destroyer escortUlvert M. Moore, commanded by Lt. Cmdr. Franklin D. Roosevelt, Jr.
Rear AdmiralFelix B. Stump
7 escort carriers
Saginaw Bay (Capts. F.C. Sutton and Robert Goldwaite)
VC-88 (Lt. E.L. Kemp, USNR), 32 aircraft
20FM-2 Wildcat fighters
12TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Sargent Bay (Capt. R.M. Oliver)
VC-83 (Lt. Cmdr. B.V. Gates (KIA) and Lt. M.S. Worley, USNR), 28 aircraft
16FM-2 Wildcat fighters
12TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Rudyerd Bay (Capts. C.S. Smiley and J.G. Foster)
VC-96 (Lt. Cmdr. W.S. Woollen, USNR), 31 aircraft
20FM-2 Wildcat fighters
11TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Marcus Island (Capt. H.V. Hopkins)
VC-87 (Lt. H.N. Heisel), 32 aircraft
20FM-2 Wildcat fighters
12TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Petrof Bay (Capt. R.S. Clarke)
VC-93 (Lt. Cmdr. C.P. Smith), 28 aircraft
16FM-2 Wildcat fighters
12TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Tulagi (Capts. J.C. Cronin & W.V. Davis)
VC-92 (Lt. Cmdr. J.B. Wallace), 31 aircraft
19FM-2 Wildcat fighters
12TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Wake Island (Capt. A.V. Magly)
VOC-1 (Lt. Cmdr. W.F. Bringie), 32 aircraft
26FM-2 Wildcat fighters
6TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Screen (Captain G.P. Hunter)
4 destroyers
1Allen M. Sumner-class (6 × 5-in. main battery):Lowry
3Fletcher-class (5 × 5-in. main battery):Capps,Evans,John D. Henley
6 destroyer escorts
4John C. Butler-class (2 × 5-in. main battery):William Seiverling,Ulvert M. Moore (Lt. Cmdr.Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr., USNR),Kendall C. Campbell,Goss
2Evarts-class (3 × 3-in. main battery):Tisdale,Eisele
Unit Three
Rear Adm. William D. Sample
Escort carrierSuwannee at Kwajalein, 1944
Rear AdmiralWilliam D. Sample
4 escort carriers
Suwannee (Capt. D.S. Cornwell)
Air Group 40 (Lt. Cmdr. R.D. Sampson (KIA) and Lt. Cmdr. J.C. Longino), 27 aircraft
17F6F Hellcat fighters
10TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Chenango (Capts. George van Deurs andHarry D. Felt)
Air Group 25 (Lt. Cmdr. R.W. Robinson (KIA), Lt. B. Phillips and Lt. Cmdr. P.M. Paul), 30 aircraft
18F6F Hellcat fighters
12TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Santee (Capt. J.V. Peterson)
Air Group 24 (Lt. Cmdr. R.J. Ostrom (KIA) and Lt. P.N. Charbonnet), 30 aircraft
18F6F Hellcat fighters
12TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Steamer Bay (Capt. J.B. Paschal)
VC-90 (Lt. Cmdr. R.A. O'Neill), 31 aircraft
19FM-2 Wildcat fighters
12TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Screen (CaptainAlvin Duke Chandler)
5 destroyers
1Allen M. Sumner-class (6 × 5-in. main battery):Drexler
3Fletcher-class (5 × 5-in. main battery):Metcalf,Fullam,Guest
1Bagley-class (4 × 5-in. main battery):Helm
2 destroyer escorts
2John C. Butler-class (2 × 5-in. main battery):John C. Butler,Edmonds
Special Escort Carrier Group
Gunnery practice aboard escort carrierHollandia, 1944
Captain C.L. Lee (arriving 4 April)
4 escort carriers
Hollandia (Capt. Lee)
White Plains (Capt. D.J. Sullivan and Frederick Funke)
Sitkoh Bay (Capts. R.G. Lockhart and J.P. Walker)
Breton (Capt. Frank Obeirne)
Marine Air Group 31 (Col.John C. Munn, USMC)
Marine Air Group 33 (Col. W. E. Dickey, USMC)
192F4U Corsair and 30F6F Hellcat fighters to operate from Okinawa airfields
Screen (Commander R.A. Wilhelm, USNR)
4 destroyer transports:Kilty,Manley,George E. Badger,Greene
Mine Flotilla (Task Group 52.2)
Former destroyerGherardi in minesweeper configuration
Auk-class minesweeper
Admirable-class minesweeper
Ailanthus-class net laying ship
Rear Admiral Alexander Sharp and Captain R. P. Whitemarsh inTerror
Destroyer Minesweeper Group (Task Group 52.3)
Capt. R.A. Larkin
13 fast minesweepers (ex-destroyers):Forrest,Hobson,Macomb,Dorsey,Hopkins,Ellyson,Hambleton,Rodman,Emmons (scuttled 7 Apr followingkamikaze attack 6 Apr),Butler,Gherardi,Jeffers,Harding
3 fast minelayers (ex-destroyers):Gwin,Lindsey,Aaron Ward
Minesweeper Group One (Task Group 52.4)
Captain T.F. Donohue
18Auk-class minesweepers:Champion,Heed,Defense,Devastator,Ardent,Requisite,Revenge,Pursuit,Sage,Sheldrake,Skylark (struck mine 28 Apr),Starling,Swallow (sunk bykamikaze 22 Apr),Gladiator,Impeccable,Spear,Triumph,Vigilance
4 fast minelayers (ex-destroyers):Adams,Tolman,Henry A. Wiley,Shea
3submarine chasers (steel hull): PC-1128, PC-1179, PC-1598
Minesweeper Group Two (Task Group 52.5)
Captain L. F. Freiburghouse
18Admirable-class minesweepers:Skirmish,Staunch,Signet,Scurry,Spectacle,Spector,Superior,Serene,Shelter,Strategy,Strength,Success,Ransom,Diploma,Density,Facility,Rebel,Recruit
2 fast minelayers (ex-destroyers):Tracy,J. William Ditter
3 motor gunboats (steel hull): PGM-9, PGM-10, PGM-11
Reserve Sweep Group (Task Group 52.7)
Cmdrs. E.D. McEathron and J.W. Wyckoff
6Admirable-class minesweepers:Buoyant,Gayety,Design,Device,Hazard,Execute
Reinforced by the following in May:
2Admirable-class minesweepers:Fixity,Dour
8Auk-class minesweepers:Chief,Competent,Token,Zeal,Strive,Oracle,Velocity,Prevail
14motor minesweepers
4 destroyer transports with sweep gear-equipped landing craft personnel, ramped (LCP(R)s) embarked:Reeves,Daniel T. Griffin,Waters,Sims
2 minelayers:Weehawken,Monadnock
1 repair ship:Mona Island
Net and Buoy Group (Task Group 52.8)
Cmdr. G. C. King, USNR
9Ailanthus-classnet laying ships:Snowbell,Terebinth,Corkwood,Spicewood,Cliffrose,Stagbush,Abele,Winterberry,Pinon
3Aloe-classnet laying ships:Mahogany,Aloe,Chinquapin
1 mine and net laying ship:Keokuk
2 net cargo ships:Sagittarius,Tuscana

Gunfire and Covering Force (Task Force 54)

[edit]
Rear Adm. Morton L. Deyo
BattleshipTexas in Hawaiian waters in 1945
Heavy cruiserWichita firing broadside in 1944

Rear AdmiralMorton L. Deyo in battleshipTennessee

Unit One (Rear AdmiralPeter K. Fischler)
2 battleships:Texas,Maryland
1 heavy cruiser:Tuscaloosa
4Fletcher-class destroyers:Laws,Longshaw,Morrison,Prichett
Unit Two (Rear AdmiralC. Turner Joy)
2 battleships:Arkansas,Colorado
2 heavy cruisers:San Francisco,Minneapolis
3Fletcher-class destroyers:Halligan (struck mine 26 Mar),Paul Hamilton,Twiggs (sunk bykamikaze 16 Jun)
1Allen M. Sumner-class destroyer:Laffey
Unit Three (Rear AdmiralBertram J. Rodgers)
2 battleships:Tennessee,Nevada
1 heavy cruiser:Wichita
2 light cruisers:Birmingham,St. Louis
4Allen M. Sumner-class destroyers:Mannert L. Abele (sunk bykamikaze 12 Apr),Zellars,Barton,O'Brien
1Fletcher-class destroyer:Bryant
Unit Four (Rear AdmiralLynde D. McCormick)
2 battleships:Idaho,West Virginia
2 heavy cruisers:Pensacola,Portland
1 light cruiser:Biloxi
5Fletcher-class destroyers:Porterfield,Callaghan (sunk bykamikaze 28 Jul),Irwin,Cassin Young,Preston
Unit Five (Rear Admiral Allan E. Smith)
Battleship Division 3 (George L. Weyler): 2 battleships:New Mexico,New York
Cruiser Division 5 (Allan E. Smith): 2 heavy cruisers:Salt Lake City,Indianapolis
Destroyer Squadron 56 (Roland N. Smoot): 5Fletcher-class destroyers:Newcomb,Heywood L. Edwards,Richard P. Leary,Bennion,Leutze
Unit Six (Commander W.B. Hinds, USNR)
2Cannon-class destroyer escorts:Samuel S. Miles,Wesson
6Buckley-class destroyer escorts:Foreman,Whitehurst,England,Witter,Bowers,Willmarth
Reported to TF 54 after L-day
1 battleship:Mississippi
1 heavy cruiser:New Orleans
1Fletcher-class destroyer:Daly
1 fast minesweeper:Forrest

British Carrier Force (Task Force 57)

[edit]
Royal Navy admirals
Vice Adm. Sir Bernard Rawlings, RN
Rear Adm. Sir Philip L. Vian, RN
Supermarine Seafire fighter
Supermarine Walrus reconnaissance plane
BattleshipKing George V in Apra Harbor, Guam, 1945
Light cruiserAchilles at anchor

Vice AdmiralSir Bernard Rawlings, RN

First Aircraft Carrier Squadron (Task Group 57.2)
Rear AdmiralSir Philip L. Vian, RN
5 fleet carriers
HMS Indomitable (Capt. J.A.S. Eccles, RN), 44 aircraft
29F6F Hellcat fighters
15TBF Avenger torpedo bombers
HMS Victorious (Capt. M.M. Denny, RN), 53 aircraft
37F4U Corsair fighters
14TBF Avenger torpedo bombers
2Supermarine Walrus scout planes
HMS Illustrious (Capt. C.E. Lambe, RN), 52 aircraft
36F4U Corsair fighters
16TBF Avenger torpedo bombers
HMS Indefatigable (Capt. Q.D. Graham, RN), 69 aircraft
40Supermarine Seafire fighters
20TBF Avenger torpedo bombers
9Fairey Firefly fighters
HMS Formidable (Capt. P. Ruck-Keene, RN), 43 aircraft
28F4U Corsair fighters
15TBF Avenger torpedo bombers
First Battle Squadron (Task Group 57.1)
Vice Admiral Rawlings
2 battleships
HMS King George V (10 × 14-in. main battery)
HMS Howe (10 × 14-in. main battery)
Fourth Cruiser Squadron (Task Group 57.4)
Rear Admiral E.J.P. Brind
7 light cruisers
2Crown Colony-class:HMNZS Gambia (12 × 6-in. main battery),HMCS Uganda (9 × 6-in. main battery)
1Minotaur-class:HMS Swiftsure (12 × 6-in. main battery)
1Leander-class:HMNZS Achilles (6 × 6-in. main battery)
3Dido-class:HMS Argonaut (8 × 5.25-in. main battery),HMS Euryalus (10 × 5.25-in. main battery),HMS Black Prince (10 × 5.25-in. main battery)
Screen (Task Group 57.8)
Rear Admiral J.H. Edelston
4th Destroyer Flotilla
24th Destroyer Flotilla
25th Destroyer Flotilla
27th Destroyer Flotilla
British Fleet Train (Task Force 112)
Rear Admiral D.B. Fisher, RN
70+ auxiliaries including repair ships, oilers, minesweepers, hospital ships, etc.

Fast Carrier Force (Task Force 58)

[edit]
Carrier admirals
Vice Adm. Marc A. Mitscher
Rear Adm. Joseph J. Clark

Vice AdmiralMarc A. Mitscher in fleet carrierBunker Hill

Task Group 58.1
Fleet carrierBennington October 1944 during shakedown in Caribbean Sea
Anti-aircraft light cruiserSan Juan off Norfolk in 1942
Allen M. Sumner-class destroyerDrexler refueling, February 1945
Rear AdmiralJoseph J. Clark
3 fleet carriers
Hornet (Capt.Austin K. Doyle)
Air Group 17 (Cmdr. E.G. Konrad), 101 aircraft
VF-17: 71F6F Hellcat fighters
VB-17: 15SB2C Helldiver dive bombers
VT-17: 15TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Wasp (Capts. O.A. Weller and W.G. Switzer)
Air Group 86 (Cmdr. G.R. Luker), 100 aircraft
VBF-86: 36F4U Corsair fighters
VF-86: 34F6F Hellcat fighters
VB-86: 15SB2C Helldiver dive bombers
VT-86: 15TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Bennington (Capts. J.B. Sykes and B.L. Braun)
Air Group 82 (Cmdr. G.L. Heap), 102 aircraft
VF-82: 37F6F Hellcat fighters
VB-82: 15SB2C Helldiver dive bombers
VT-82: 15TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
VMF-112: 18F4U Corsair fighters
VMF-123: 17F4U Corsair fighters
2 light carriers
Belleau Wood (Capts. John Perry and W.G. Tomlinson)
Air Group 30 (Lt. Cmdr. D.A. Clark), 34 aircraft
VF-30: 25F6F Hellcat fighters
VT-30: 9TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
San Jacinto (Capt. M.H. Kernodle)
Air Group 45 (Cmdr. G.E. Schecter), 34 aircraft
VF-45: 25F6F Hellcat fighters
VT-45: 9TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Battleship Division 8 (Rear AdmiralJohn F. Shafroth Jr.)
3 fast battleships
South Dakota (Capts. C.F. Stillman andCharles B. Momsen) - flagship
Massachusetts (Capts. W.W. Warlick andJohn R. Redman)
Indiana (Capts. T.J. Keliher andFrancis P. Old)
Cruiser Division 10 (Rear AdmiralLloyd J. Wiltse)
3 heavy cruisers
Baltimore (Capt. C.K. Fink)
Quincy (Capt. John Augustine Waters Jr)
Pittsburgh (Capt.John E. Gingrich)
Cruiser Division 14 (Rear AdmiralFrancis E. M. Whiting)
3 light cruisers
Vincennes (Capt. W.G. Lalor)
Miami (Capt.Thomas H. Binford)
Vicksburg (Capt. W.C. Vose)
1 anti-aircraft light cruiser[a]
San Juan (Capts. J.F. Donovan and G.H. Bahm)
Screen
21 destroyers
9Allen M. Sumner-class (6 × 5-in. main battery):Dehaven,Mansfield,Lyman K. Swenson,Collett,Maddox,[b]Blue,Brush,Taussig,Samuel N. Moore
12Fletcher-class (5 × 5-in. main battery):Wedderburn,Twining,Stockham,John Rodgers,Stevens,Harrison,McKee,Murray,Sigsbee,Ringgold,Schroeder,Dashiell
Task Group 58.2
Carrier admirals
Rear Adm. Ralph E. Davison
Rear Adm. Gerald F. Bogan
Fletcher-class destroyer underway
Rear AdmiralsRalph E. Davison andGerald F. Bogan
3 fleet carriers
Enterprise (Capt. Grover B. H. Hall)
Night Air Group 90 (Cmdr. W.I. Martin), 53 aircraft
VFN-90: 32F6F Hellcat fighters
VTN-90: 21TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Franklin (Capt.Leslie E. Gehres)
Air Group 5 (Cmdr. E.B. Parker Jr.),[2][3] 90 aircraft
VF-5: 19F6F Hellcat fighters
VB-5: 8SB2C Helldiver, 11SBW Helldiver dive bombers
VT-5: 6TBF Avenger, 10TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
VMF-214: 18F4U Corsair fighters[4]
VMF-452: 18F4U Corsair fighters
Randolph (Capt. F.L. Baker)
Air Group 12 (Cmdrs. C.L. Crommelin (KIA), E.J. Pawka, USNR), 97 aircraft
VF-12: 33F6F Hellcat fighters
VBF-12: 24F6F Hellcat fighters
VB-12: 15SB2C Helldiver dive bombers
VT-12: 15TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
1 light cruiser
Santa Fe (Capt. H.C. Fitz)
Screen
8Fletcher-class destroyers (5 × 5-in. main battery):Miller,Owen,Hickox,Hunt,Lewis Hancock,Marshall,Stephen Potter,Tingey
Task Group 58.3
Light carrierCabot in 1945
Fast battleshipNorth Carolina underway
Heavy cruiserIndianapolis
Rear AdmiralFrederick C. Sherman
3 fleet carriers
Essex (Capt. C.W. Wieber)
Air Group 83 (Cmdr. Harmon Tischer Utter), 102 aircraft
VF-83: 36F6F Hellcat fighters
VBF-83: 36F4U Corsair fighters
VB-83: 15SB2C Helldiver dive bombers
VT-83: 15TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Bunker Hill (Capt. G.A Seitz)
Air Group 84 (Cmdr. G.M. Ottinger), 103 aircraft
VF-84: 27F4U Corsair fighters, 10F6F Hellcat fighters
VB-84: 15SB2C Helldiver dive bombers
VT-84: 15TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
VMF-221: 18F4U Corsair fighters
VMF-451: 18F4U Corsair fighters
Hancock (Capt. R.F. Hickey)
Air Group 6 (Cmdr. H.L. Miller), 94 aircraft
VF-6: 36F6F Hellcat fighters
VBF-6: 36F6F Hellcat fighters
VB-6: 12SB2C Helldiver dive bombers
VT-6: 10TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
2 light carriers
Cabot (Capt. W.W. Smith)
Air Group 29 (Lt. Cmdr. W.E. Eder), 33 aircraft
VF-29: 24F6F Hellcat fighters
VT-29: 9TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Bataan (Capt. J.B. Heath)
Air Group 47 (Cmdr. Walker Etheridge and Lt. Cmdr. A.H. Clancy), 36 aircraft
VF-47: 24F6F Hellcat fighters
VT-47: 12TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Battleship Division 6 (Rear AdmiralThomas R. Cooley)
2 fast battleships
North Carolina (Capts.Oswald S. Colclough andByron H. Hanlon)
Washington (Capts.Roscoe F. Good andFrancis X. McInerney)
Cruiser Division 17 (Rear AdmiralJ. Cary Jones)
1 heavy cruiser
Indianapolis (Capt.C.B. McVay)
4 light cruisers
Pasadena (Capts. R.B. Tuggle andJames H. Doyle)
Springfield (Capts. F.L. Johnson and T.J. Kelley)
Astoria (Capts.George C. Dyer and W.V. Hamilton)
Wilkes-Barre (Capt. R.L. Porter)
Screen
17 destroyers
9Allen M. Sumner-class (6 × 5-in. main battery):Ault,English,Charles S. Sperry,Waldron,Haynsworth,Wallace L. Lind,John W. Weeks,Hank,Borie
8Fletcher-class (5 × 5-in. main battery):Erben,Walker,Hale,Stembel,Black,Bullard,Kidd,Chauncey
Task Group 58.4
Rear Adm. Arthur W. Radford
Fleet carrierIntrepid off Newport News, August 1943
Fast battleshipNew Jersey underway
Large cruiserAlaska at anchor, 1944
Rear AdmiralArthur W. Radford
2 fleet carriers
Yorktown (Capts. T.S. Combs andWalter F. Boone)
Air Group 9 (Cmdr. P.H. Torrey and Lt. Cmdr. H.N. Houck, USNR), 95 aircraft
VF-9: 40F6F Hellcat fighters
VBF-9: 33F6F Hellcat fighters
VB-9: 15SB2C Helldiver dive bombers
VT-9: 7TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Intrepid (Capt. G.E. Short)
Air Group 10 (Cmdr. J.J. Hyland), 102 aircraft
VF-10: 30F4U Corsair, 6F6F Hellcat fighters
VBF-10: 36F4U Corsair fighters
VB-10: 15SB2C Helldiver dive bombers
VT-10: 15TBF Avenger torpedo bombers
2 light carriers
Langley (Capt. J.F. Wegforth)
Air Group 23 (Lt. Cmdr. Merlin Paddock, USNR (KIA) and Cmdr. J.J. Southerland), 34 aircraft
VF-23: 25F6F Hellcat fighters
VT-23: 9TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Independence (Capt. N.M. Kindell)
Air Group 46 (Cmdr. C.W. Rooney), 33 aircraft
VF-46: 25F6F Hellcat fighters
VT-46: 8TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Battleship Division 9 (Rear AdmiralEdward W. Hanson andLouis E. Denfeld)
3 fast battleships
Wisconsin (Capt.Earl E. Stone andJohn W. Roper)
Missouri (Capts. W.M. Callaghan andStuart S. Murray)
New Jersey (Capt.Edmund T. Wooldridge)
Cruiser Division 16 (Rear AdmiralFrancis S. Low)
2 large cruisers
Alaska (Capt. K.H. Noble)
Guam (Capt.Leland P. Lovette)
1 light cruiser
St. Louis (Capt. J.B. Griggs)
3 anti-aircraft light cruisers[a]
Flint (Capt. C.R. Will)
Oakland (Capt. K.S. Reed)
San Diego (Capt. W.E.A. Mullan)
Screen
17Fletcher-class destroyers (5 × 5-in. main battery):Remey,Norman Scott,Mertz,Monssen,McGowan,McNair,Melvin,McCord,Trathen,Hazelwood,Heermann,Haggard,Franks,Hailey,Cushing,Colahan,Uhlmann,Benham

Allied logistics and support vessels

[edit]

Support and Service Units (Task Force 50)

[edit]
Seaplane tenderChandeleur
Martin PBM Mariner
OilerEscambia
Ammunition shipAkutan
Hospital shipMercy
Destroyer tenderCascade
Search and Reconnaissance Group (Task Group 50.5)
Commodore Dixwell Ketcham
3 seaplane tenders
Hamlin (Capt. G.A. McLean)
VPB-208 (Lt. Cmdr. A.J. Sintic, USNR)
12Martin PBM Mariner patrol bomber flying boats
St. George (Capt. R.G. Armstrong)
VPB-18 (Lt. Cmdr. R.R. Boettcher)
12Martin PBM Mariner patrol bomber flying boats
Chandeleur (Cmdr. J.S. Tracy)
VPB-21 (Lt. Cmdrs. J.E. Dougherty & J.D. Wright)
12Martin PBM Mariner patrol bomber flying boats
3 small seaplane tenders
Yakutat (Cmdr. G.K. Fraser)
Onslow (Cmdr. A.D. Schwarz)
Shelikof (Cmdr. R.E. Stanley)
VPB-27 (Lt. Cmdr. E.N. Chase)
12Martin PBM Mariner patrol bomber flying boats
Bering Strait (Cmdr. W.D. Innis)
VH-3 (Lt. Cmdr. W.D. Bonvillian)
6Martin PBM Mariner patrol bomber flying boats
2 destroyer seaplane tenders:Thornton (sunk after collision 5 Apr),Gillis
1Clemson-class destroyer:Williamson
Logistics Support Group Fifth Fleet (Task Group 50.8)
Rear AdmiralDonald B. Beary in light cruiserDetroit
Support escort carriers
Shamrock Bay (Capts. F.T. Ward and J.E. Leeper)
VC-94 (Lt. Cmdr. J.F. Patterson, USNR (KIA) and Lt. L.E. Terry)
18FM-2 Wildcat fighters
12TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
Makassar Strait (Capt.Herbert D. Riley)
VC-97 (Lt. Cmdr. M.T. Whittier, USNR)
14FM-2 Wildcat fighters
12TBM Avenger torpedo bombers
CVE Plane Transport Unit (Task Unit 50.8.4)
Attu (Capt. H.F. MacComsey)
Admiralty Islands (Capt. M.E.A. Gouin)
Bougainville (Capt. C.A. Bond)
Windham Bay (Capt. G.T. Mundorff)
Logistics and Support Vessels
49 oilers:Cuyama,Brazos,Cimarron,Platte,Sabine,Kaskaskia,Guadalupe,Chicopee,Housatonic,Merrimack,Kankakee,Lackawanna,Monongahela,Tappahannock,Patuxent,Neches,Suamico,Tallulah,Ashtabula,Cacapon,Caliente,Chikaskia,Aucilla,Marias,Manatee,Nantahala,Severn,Taluga,Chipola,Tolovana,Pecos,Atascosa,Cache,Enoree,Escalante,Neshanic,Niobrara,Millicoma,Saranac,Cossatot,Cowanesque,Escambia,Cahaba,Mascoma,Ocklawaha,Ponaganset,Sebec,Tomahawk,Anacostia
16 ammunition ships:Akutan,Firedrake,Lassen,Mauna Loa,Shasta,Vesuvius,Wrangell,Canada Victory (sunk bykamikaze 27 Apr)Bedford Victory,Bucyrus Victory,Manderson Victory,Las Vegas Victory,Logan Victory (sunk bykamikaze 6 Apr),Greenburg Victory,Pierre Victory,Hobbs Victory (sunk bykamikaze 6 Apr)
9 cargo ships:Adhara,Alkaid,Alkes,Allegan,Appanoose,Fomalhaut,Matar,Mintaka,Rotanin
8 hospital ships:Bountiful,Comfort,Hope,Mercy,Relief,Samaritan,Solace, plus transportWharton
6 reefers (store ships):Adria,Athanasia,Bridge,Latona,Lioba,Merapi
2 survey ships:Armistead Rust,Bowditch
2 stores-issue ships:Antares,Castor
9 gasoline tankers:Wabash,Genesee,Kishwaukee,Nemasket,Escatawpa,Hiwassee,Ontonagon,Yahara,Ponchatoula,Sacandaga
6 station tankers:Armadillo,Giraffe,Marmora,Moose,Whippet, LCI(L)-993
10 repair ships:Vestal,Aristaeus,Nestor,Oceanus,Anchor,Clamp,Current,Deliver,Gear,Shackle
6floating drydocks: ARD-13, ARD-22, ARD-27, ARD-28, AFD-14, AFDL-32
12 fleet tugs:Arikara,Chickasaw,Cree,Lipan,Mataco,Menominee,Munsee,Pakana,Tawakoni,Tekesta,Tenino,Ute
4 ocean tugs, 3 ocean tugs (rescue)
Screen: Screening vessels for the Logistics Group were assigned to TG 50.8 units as needed from a pool of 11 destroyers and 24 destroyer escorts.

Japanese order of battle

[edit]

Japanese Combined Fleet[5]
AdmiralSoemu Toyoda

Super battleshipYamato under air attack, 7 April 1945

Surface Special Attack Force

[edit]

Vice AdmiralSeiichi Ito (KIA)

Super battleship:Yamato[c]
CaptainKosaku Aruga (KIA)
Destroyer Squadron 2 (Rear AdmiralKeizo Komura)
Light cruiser:Yahagi[c] (CaptainTameichi Hara)
Destroyer Division 41 (Capt. M. Yoshida):Fuyutsuki,Suzutsuki
Destroyer Division 17 (Capt. K. Shintani –KIA):Isokaze,[d]Hamakaze,[c]Yukikaze
Destroyer Division 21 (Capt. H. Kotaki –KIA):Asashimo,[d]Kasumi,[d]Hatsushimo

Naval vessels damaged and sunk at Okinawa

[edit]

The following table lists the Allied naval vessels that received damage or were sunk in the Battle of Okinawa between 19 March – 30 July 1945. The table lists a total of 147 damaged ships, five of which were damaged by enemy suicide boats, and another five by mines. One source estimated that total Japanese sorties during the entire Okinawa campaign exceeded 3,700, with a large percentage kamikaze, and that the attackers damaged slightly more than 200 Allied vessels, with 4900 naval officers and seamen killed and roughly 4,824 wounded or missing.[6][7] TheUSS Thorton is not listed as it was damaged as the result of a collision with another US ship. Those ships in a pink background, and with an asterisk were sunk or had to be scuttled due to irreparable damage. Of those sunk, the majority were relatively smaller ships; these included destroyers of around 300–450 feet. A few small cargo ships were also sunk, several containing munitions which caught fire. Those ships whose names are preceded by a "#" pound sign were scrapped or decommissioned as a result of damage.

Allied Naval vessels damaged and sunk by Japanese forces at Okinawa, primarily kamikazes, 19 March – 30 July 1945[8]
DayShipTypeCauseKilledWounded
19 Mar 45USS FranklinCarrierAir Attack, two 550 lb. bombs thru to hangar deck724265
19 Mar 45USS WaspCarrierAir Attack, bomb thru flight & hangar decks101269
20 Mar 45USS Halsey PowellDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze1229
26 Mar 45*USS HalliganDestroyerMine, 3 miles SE ofMaye Shima,
exploded 2 forward magazines, bow blown off[9]
15339
26 Mar 45USS KimberlyDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze457
26 Mar 45USS NevadaBattleshipAir Attack, kamikaze1149
26 Mar 45USS BiloxiLight CruiserAir Attack, kamikaze00
27 Mar 45USS MurrayDestroyerAir Attack, bomb1116
27 Mar 45USS O'BrianDestroyerAir Attack, Val kamikaze w/bomb5076
28 Mar 45*USS SkylarkSmall MinesweeperMine, struck mines twice offHagushi beaches, 1st amidships525
28 Mar 45USS LSM(R)-188Landing ShipAir Attack by single kamikaze1532
29 Mar 45USS WyandotAttack Cargo ShipMine, possibly bomb01
31 Mar 45USS IndianapolisCruiserAir Attack, bomb thru fuel tanks920
1 Apr 45USS AdamsDestroyer MinelayerAir Attack, kamikaze w/bombs to fantail00
1 Apr 45USS AlpineAttack TransportAir Attack, bomb and kamikaze1627
1 Apr 45USS HinsdaleAttack TransportAir Attack, kamikaze w/bombs hit waterline1639
1 Apr 45#USS LST-884Tank Landing ShipAir Attack, kamikaze, scuttled May 62421
2 Apr 45*USS DickersonDestroyerAir Attack, kamikazeNick crashed bridge, towed, scuttled[10]5423
2 Apr 45USS GoodhueAttack TransportAir Attack, kamikaze aimed at bridge glanced mainmast,
hit cargo boom, gun tubs, over side[11]
24119
2 Apr 45USS HenricoAttack TransportAir Attack, kamikaze w/bombs hit bridge49125
2 Apr 45USS AchernarAttack Cargo ShipAir Attack, kamikaze w/bomb hit starboard541
3 Apr 45USS Wake IslandEscort CarrierAir Attack, kamikaze blew below waterline00
3 Apr 45USS PritchettDestroyerAir Attack, 500 lb bomb00
3 Apr 45USS ForemanDestroyerAir Attack, bomb passed thru her bottom, exploded below03
3 Apr 45USS LST-599Tank Landing ShipAir Attack, kamikaze thru main deck, fires[11]021
3 Apr 45#USS LCT-876Landing Craft TankAir Attack02
4 Apr 45*USS LCI(G)-82[12]Landing Craft, InfantrySuicide Boat811
5 Apr 45USS NevadaBattleshipCoastal Battery216
6 Apr 45*USS BushDestroyerAir Attack, 3 kamikaze hits 2 between stacks, blew
forward engine room, broke in half[13]
9432
6 Apr 45*USS ColhounDestroyerAir Attack, 4 kamikaze hits, bombs blew forward,
& aft fire rooms at waterline[13]
3521
6 Apr 45USS HoworthDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze struck superstructure, fires put out[14]914
6 Apr 45USS HymanDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze Hampton hit torpedo tubes twixt stacks[15]1040
6 Apr 45#USS LeutzeDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze blew at fantail, bad flooding[16]734
6 Apr 45#USS MorrisDestroyerAir Attack,Kate kamikaze portside05
6 Apr 45USS MulaneyDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze hit depth charges1345
6 Apr 45#USS NewcombDestroyerAir Attack, multiple kamikazes4024
6 Apr 45USS HaynsworthDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze725
6 Apr 45#USS WitterDestroyer EscortStarboard waterline kamikaze05
6 Apr 45USS FieberlingDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze near miss66
6 Apr 45*USS EmmonsDestroyer MinesweeperAir Attack, 5 kamikaze hits, scuttled 7 April6471
6 Apr 45USS RodmanDestroyer MinesweeperAir Attack, 4 kamikaze hits1620
6 Apr 45USS DefenseSmall MinesweeperAir Attack, two kamikaze strikes09
6 Apr 45*USS LST-447Landing ShipAir Attack, kamikaze hit close above waterline, bomb blew517
6 Apr 45*SS Hobbs VictorySmall CargoAir Attack, kamikaze struck port, flames ignited ammunition153
6 Apr 45*SS Logan VictorySmall CargoAir Attack, kamikaze struck
superstructure, flames ignited ammunition
1611
7 Apr 45USS HancockCarrierAir Attack, cartwheeling kamikaze7282
7 Apr 45USS MarylandBattleshipAir Attack, kamikaze hit starboard1637
7 Apr 45USS BennettDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze hit engine room318
7 Apr 45USS WessonDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze starboard823
7 Apr 45*USS PGM-18Small GunboatMine, powerful explosion1414
7 Apr 45*YMS-103Small MinesweeperMine, struck two mines, blowing off her bow
andstem rescuing PGM-18[17][18]
50
8 Apr 1945USS GregoryDestroyerAir Attack, port kamikaze amidships near waterline02
8 Apr 45USS YMS-92Small SweeperAir Attack00
9 Apr 45USS Charles J. BadgerDestroyerSuicide Boat threw depth charge or mine[19]00
9 Apr 45USS SterettDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze hit starboard at waterline09
9 Apr 45USS HoppingDestroyer TransportCoastal Battery, damaging hits offBuckner Bay218
11 Apr 45USS KiddDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze3855
12 Apr 45USS TennesseeBattleshipAir Attack, kamikaze hit signal bridge25104
12 Apr 45*USS Mannert L. AbeleDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze7935
12 Apr 45USS PurdyDestroyerAir Attack, splashed kamikaze bomb skidded in1327
12 Apr 45USS Cassin YoungDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze hit foremast159
12 Apr 45USS ZellarsDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze crashed port, bomb blew2937
12 Apr 45USS RallDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze starboard aft, bomb blew2138
12 Apr 45USS WhitehurstDestroyer EscortAir Attack, kamikaze w/bomb crashed pilot house3737
12 Apr 45USS LindseyDestroyer MinelayerAir Attack, 2 kamikazeVal strikes5651
12 Apr 45USS LSM(R)-189Landing ShipAir Attack, kamikaze04
12 Apr 45*USS LCS(L)-33Landing CraftAir Attack, kamikaze Val amidships429
12 Apr 45USS LCS(L)-57Landing CraftAir Attack, 3 kamikaze strikes26
14 Apr 45USS SigsbeeDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze damaged port engine474
16 Apr 45USS IntrepidCarrierAir Attack, kamikaze crashed deck, fires put out1087
16 Apr 45USS BryantDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze to bridge, w/explosion3433
16 Apr 45USS LaffeyDestroyerAir Attack, multiple kamikaze hits3172
16 Apr 45*USS PringleDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze Val hit abaft
stack No. 1, explosion, broke in half
65110
16 Apr 45USS BowersDestroyer EscortAir Attack, kamikaze to bridge, bomb hit pilot house4856
16 Apr 45#USS HardingDestroyer MinesweeperAir Attack, kamikaze struck side near bridge2210
16 Apr 45USS HobsonDestroyer MinesweeperAir Attack, near miss kamikaze's bomb veered in48
16 Apr 45USS LCS(L)-116Landing CraftAir Attack, kamikaze hit aft gun mount1212
18 Apr 45USS LSM-28Landing ShipAir Attack00
22 Apr 45USS IsherwoodDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze w/bomb crashed gun mount4241
22 Apr 45*USS SwallowSmall SweeperAir attack, bad kamikaze hit flooded her, 3 mins sunk29
22 Apr 45USS LCS(L)-15Landing CraftAir Attack1511
27 Apr 45#USS HutchinsDestroyerSuicide Boat explosive blew close00
27 Apr 45#USS RathburneDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze hit port bow waterline00
27 Apr 45*SS Canada VictorySmall CargoAir Attack, kamikaze hit stern, lit ammo, sunk 10 mins1227
28 Apr 45USS PinkneyDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze hit aft of superstructure, lit ammo3512
28 Apr 45USS ComfortHospital ShipAir Attack, kamikaze thru 3 decks to surgery3048
29 Apr 45#USS HaggardDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze went thru hull, blew engine room1140
29 Apr 45USS HazelwoodDestroyerAir Attack, kamikazeZero hit port bridge4626
29 Apr 45#USS LCS(L)-37Landing CraftSuicide Boat04
30 Apr 45USS TerrorMinelayerAir Attack, kamikaze blew thru main deck48123
3 May 45*USS LittleDestroyerAir attack, 5 kamikaze strikes3079
3 May 45#USS Aaron WardDestroyer MinelayerAir Attack; 3 kamikaze hits and bomb frags4549
3 May 45USS MacombDestroyer MinelayerAir Attack, kamikaze714
3 May 45*USS LSM(R)-195Landing ShipAir Attack, kamikaze hit rockets, sunk816
4 May 45USS HopkinsDestroyer MinesweeperAir Attack, glancing blow by burning kamikaze01
4 May 45#USS SangamonEscort CarrierAir Attack, kamikaze & bomb blew thru flight deck46116
4 May 45USS BirminghamLight CruiserAir Attack, kamikaze hit forward5181
4 May 45USS IngrahamDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze above port waterline, bomb blew1437
4 May 45*USS LuceDestroyerAir Attack, 1st kamikaze bomb hit, 2nd kamikaze struck aft14994
4 May 45*USS MorrisonDestroyerAir Attack, 1st kamikaze hit bridge, then 3 more hit159102
4 May 45USS SheaDestroyerAir AttackOhka kamikaze thru starboard bridge2791
4 May 45USS CarinaCargo ShipSuicide Boat ramming caused explosion06
4 May 45*USS LSM(R)-190Landing ShipAir Attack, kamikaze set off her rockets1318
4 May 45*USS LSM(R)-194Landing ShipAir Attack1323
9 May 45#USS EnglandDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze dive bomber3527
9 May 45#USS OberrenderDestroyer EscortAir Attack, kamikaze hit starboard gun
mount, bomb thru main deck
853
11 May 45USS Bunker HillCarrierAir Attack, 3 kamikaze hits with bombs thru flight deck396264
11 May 45#USS Hugh W. HadleyDestroyerAir Attack, Aft bomb, anOhka, and 2 more kamikazes struck2867
11 May 45#USS EvansDestroyerAir Attack, Struck by 4 kamikazes, fires put out3029
11 May 45USS LCS(L)-88Landing CraftAir Attack79
13 May 45USS EnterpriseFast CarrierAir Attack, 2 kamikazes, struck port, & under starboard bow1368
13 May 45USS BacheDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze hit, bomb
exploded amidships just above main deck
4132
13 May 45USS BrightDestroyer EscortAir Attack, kamikaze Zero hit fantail, bomb exploded02
17 May 45USS Douglas H. FoxDestroyer2 kamikaze strikes, one to forward gun mounts, one to fantail935
18 May 45*USS LongshawDestroyerCoastal Battery, 4 hits, one ignited magazine,
blew off bow back to bridge[20]
8697
18 May 45*USS LST-808Landing Ship TankAir Attack1111
20 May 45#USS ChaseDestroyer EscortAir Attack, Splashed kamikaze skidded in,
bombs opened hull, w/flooding
035
20 May 45#USS ThatcherDestroyerAir Attack, kamikazeOscar struck aft of bridge, large hole1453
20 May 45#USS John C. ButlerDestroyer EscortAir Attack, kamikaze hit to mast and antennas00
25 May 45USS StormesDestroyerAir Attack, crashed aft torpedo mount,
bomb blew large hole, flooded aft
216
25 May 45USS O'NeillDestroyer EscortAir Attack, kamikaze016
25 May 45USS ButlerDestroyer MinesweeperAir Attack, kamikaze bombs exploded under keel015
25 May 45#USS SpectacleSmall MinesweeperAir Attack, kamikaze crashed port gun tub causing fires296
25 May 45*USS BarryDestroyer TransportAir Attack, kamikaze badly crashed
starboard side, fires, abandoned
030
25 May 45*USS BatesDestroyerAir Attack, 2 kamikaze hits, fires,
abandoned, towed, later sank
2135
25 May 45USS RoperDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze hit off Hanagushi, Okinawa110
25 May 45*LSM-135Landing ShipAir Attack, kamikaze caused fires, beached, abandoned1110
25 May 45SS William B. Allison, akaUSS Inca

[21]

Cargo Ship, Liberty ShipAir Attack, Aerial Torpedo offNakagusuku Wan82
27 May 45USS BraineDestroyerAir Attack, 2 kamikazes,
1st hit bridge, and 2nd hit amidships
6678
27 May 45#USS ForrestDestroyer MinesweeperAir Attack, kamikaze crashed starboard side waterline513
27 May 45USS RednourTransportAir Attack, 2 kamikaze hits,
one made 10-foot hole in main deck
313
27 May 45USS LoyDestroyer EscortAir Attack, kamikaze near miss sprayed fragments315
27 May 45LCS(L)-119Landing CraftAir Attack126
28 May 45*USS DrexlerDestroyer EscortAir Attack, 1st kamikazeFrances hit topside,
2nd Frances w/bombs crashed superstructure
15851
28 May 45USS SandovalAttack TransportAir Attack, kamikaze hit portside of wheelhouse826
29 May 45USS ShubrickDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze bomb hit starboard
causing hole, exploding depth charge
3228
3 June 45#USS LCI(L)-90Landing Craft InfantryAir Attack, kamikaze17
6 June 45#USS J. William DitterDestroyer MinelayerAir Attack, 1st kamikaze glanced,
2nd hit port near main deck
1027
6 Jun 45USS Harry F. BauerDestroyer MinelayerAir Attack, kamikaze hitsuperstructure00
10 Jun 45*USS William D. PorterDestroyerAir Attack, splashed kamikaze Val's
bomb exploded close underwater
061
11 Jun 45USS LCS(L)-122Landing CraftAir Attack kamikaze hit conning tower base,
bomb fragments caused fires[22]
1129
16 Jun 45*USS TwiggsDestroyerAir Attack, splashed kamikaze and
bomb blew in hull plating, w/structural damage
12634
21 Jun 45USS HalloranDestroyer EscortAir Attack, splashed kamikaze's bomb struck324
21 Jun 45USS CurtissSeaplane TenderAir Attack, kamikaze and bomb
ripped 2 holes in hull and blew
4128
21 Jun 45*USS LSM-59Landing ShipAir Attack, kamikaze strike while
towingUSS Barry, sank in 4 minutes
28
22 Jun 45USS LSM-213Landing ShipAir Attack, kamikaze strike at Kimmu Wan, hull damage[23]310
22 Jun 45USS LST-534Landing Ship TankAir Attack, While offloading on Nagagusuku Wan,
kamikaze hit bow doors, tank deck[23]
335
29 Jul 45*USS CallaghanDestroyerAir Attack, bi-plane kamikaze hit,
its bomb blew aft engine room, sunk
4773
30 Jul 45USS Cassin YoungDestroyerAir Attack, kamikaze hit
forward, earlier hit April 12
2245

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^abThese cruisers were intended as destroyer leaders when designed. After the first two to be used in this role,Atlanta andJuneau, were lost at theNaval Battle of Guadalcanal, this mission was rejected and the anti-aircraft mission adopted.[1]
  2. ^About 19 years after Okinawa, theMaddox was involved in theTonkin Gulf Incident that served as a pretext for the escalation of US combat forces inVietnam.
  3. ^abcSunk by US carrier planes 7 April
  4. ^abcScuttled after receiving severe damage from US carrier planes 7 April

References

[edit]
  1. ^Stille, p. 7
  2. ^O'Callahan, Joseph T. (1956).I Was Chaplain on theFranklin. New York: The Macmillan Company. p. 40.LCCN 56010786.
  3. ^Foster, Jeremiah D. (November 21, 2019)."Franklin III (CV-13)". Naval History and Heritage Command. RetrievedJuly 2, 2020.
  4. ^Condon, John P."U.S. Marine Corps Aviation". Deputy Chief of Naval Operations (Air Warfare) and Commander, Naval Air Systems Command. p. 21. RetrievedJuly 2, 2020.
  5. ^Morison, p. 202
  6. ^Toll, Ian,Twilight of the Gods, (2020) Norton and Co., New York, New York, pg. 593
  7. ^"The British Fleet at Okinawa".The British Fleet at Okinawa. WWII Forums. RetrievedNovember 4, 2020.
  8. ^All information is public domain from United States Navy, with casualties taken from individual action reports, table format and structure is heavily borrowed from Morison, Samuel, Eliot,Victory in the Pacific, 1945, (Copyright 1960), Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, Appendix II pgs. 390–392
  9. ^Morison,Victory, pg. 115–116
  10. ^Morison,Victory, pg. 176
  11. ^abMorison,Victory, pg. 177
  12. ^Morison,Victory, pg. 218
  13. ^abMorison,Victory, pg. 186–191
  14. ^"Destroyer History, USS Howorth".Destroyer History. Destroyer History Foundation.
  15. ^Morison,Victory, pg. 192
  16. ^Morison,Victory, pg. 184
  17. ^"Loss report of PGM-18". www.fold3.com. RetrievedApril 9, 2020.
  18. ^"Loss report of YMS-103". www.fold3.com. RetrievedApril 9, 2020.
  19. ^Toll, Ian,Twilight, pg. 597
  20. ^Morison,Victory, pg. 147
  21. ^"Daily Event for May 24, 2008, William B. Allison".Maritime Quest Article on William B. Allison. Maritime Quest. RetrievedJune 10, 2021.
  22. ^Morison,Victory, pg. 275
  23. ^abMorrison,Victory, pg. 279

See also

[edit]

Bibliography

[edit]
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