The emergence of oil production in the territory now known asRomania dates back to 1857,[1] with oil facilities gaining strategic military significance in 1916 duringWorld War I. ThroughoutWorld War II, theKingdom of Romania held the position as the largest oil producer in Europe, second only to the USSR, whose primary oil source was located in Azerbaijan. The oil extracted from Romania played a pivotal role in Axis military operations, a fact underscored inAdolf Hitler's 1942 conversation with Gustaf Emil Mannerheim.[2]
The Romanian petrochemical industry, particularly centered around Ploiești, became a focal point for Allied bombing raids, notably duringOperation Tidal Wave.[3] The SovietRed Army later occupied the Romanian oilfields in August 1944. Post-World War II, extensive reconstruction and expansion initiatives were undertaken under the communist regime. Following the events of 1989, a significant portion of the industry underwent privatization.
Present-day Romania boasts significantoil-refining capabilities, demonstrating a notable interest in the Central Asia-Europe pipelines while actively cultivating relations with select Arab States of the Persian Gulf. With a total of 10 refineries and an overall refining capacity of approximately 504,000 barrels per day (80,100 cubic meters per day), Romania stands as the leading nation in the eastern European region in terms of refining industry scale.[4]
Romania's extensive refining capacity surpasses its domestic demand for refined petroleum products, enabling the country to engage in substantial exports of various oil products and petrochemicals. This includes, but is not limited to, lubricants, bitumen, and fertilizers, distributed across the eastern European region.
By 2017, the number of refineries possessing the capability to produce had dwindled to just five, with the overall capacity experiencing a decline to 13.7 million metric tons per year.[5]
This is an incomplete list of oil refineries inRomania:
Dormant refineries:
Closed refineries:
Romania has closed down the majority of the petrochemical processing platforms. Those remaining are: