Ohkay Owingeh (San Juan Pueblo) | |
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| Nearest city | Española, New Mexico |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 36°3′15″N106°4′13″W / 36.05417°N 106.07028°W /36.05417; -106.07028 |
| Area | 16.2 acres (6.6 ha) |
| Built | 1540 (1540) |
| NRHP reference No. | 74001201[1] |
| NMSRCP No. | 254 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | July 30, 1974 |
| Designated NMSRCP | July 28, 1972 |
Ohkay Owingeh[a] (Tewa:Ohkay Ówîngeh,pronounced[ʔòhkèːʔówîŋgè]),[2][3] known by its Spanish name asSan Juan Pueblo from 1598 to 2005, is apueblo inRio Arriba County, New Mexico. For statistical purposes, the United States Census Bureau has defined that community as acensus-designated place (CDP). Ohkay Owingeh is also thefederally recognized tribe ofPueblo people inhabiting the town.
Ohkay Owingeh was previously known asSan Juan Pueblo until returning to its pre-Spanish name in November 2005.[4][5] TheTewa name of the pueblo means "place of the Strong People".[4][6]
Ohkay Owingeh has theZIP code 87566 and theU.S. Postal Service prefers that name for addressing mail, but accepts the alternative name San Juan Pueblo.[7]
The community was also formally known as the San Juan Indian Reservation.[citation needed]
Its elevation is 5,663 feet (1,726 m) and it is located at36°03′12″N106°04′08″W / 36.05333°N 106.06889°W /36.05333; -106.06889.[8] One of its boundaries is contiguous withEspañola, about 25 miles (40 km) north ofSanta Fe.
The administration of the Ohkay Owingeh in 2025 is:
The pueblo was founded around 1200 AD during thePueblo III Era. By tradition, theTewa people moved here from the north, perhaps from theSan Luis Valley of southernColorado, part of a great migration spanning into thePueblo IV Era.[4]
In March 1598,conquistadorOñate traveled north fromNueva Galicia accompanied by a caravan of Catholic missionaries, a thousand soldiers, colonists, andTlaxcalans. The expedition included cattle, sheep, goats, oxen, and horses, and arrived atYungeh (place of the mockingbird) in present-day Ohkay Owingeh on July 11, 1598.[10]
It was recorded that the people who met him that day were hospitable and offeredYuque Yunque pueblo as guest quarters to Oñate and his party.[11] On July 12, 1598, he baptized and renamedCaypa pueblo (present-day Ohkay Owingeh)San Juan de los Caballeros, after hispatron saintJohn the Baptist.San Juan de los Caballeros became the first capital of theNew Spanish region ofSanta Fe de Nuevo Méjico.[12] In local history, it is said the event united the two fragmented families of Caypa and Yuque Yunque. Since their arrival from earlier homelands in the northwest, the two pueblos had been divided by the river, split until the expedition party's arrival. When the community offered Yuque Yunque pueblo on the west bank to Oñate, the two fragmented pueblos were made whole again at Caypa.[13] The Spanish capital would be moved in 1610 toLa Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de Asís.
Popé was a local man who rose to be one of the most regarded leaders of American Indian history.[citation needed] He would play a major role in thePueblo Revolt in 1680.[citation needed]
Ohkay Owingeh is the headquarters of theEight Northern Indian Pueblos Council, and thepueblo people are from the Tewa ethnic group of American Indians. It is one of the largest Tewa-speaking pueblos.[14]
The annual Pueblo Feast Day is June 24.[6] For all pueblos, the actual feast day includes a Catholic mass that is held in the morning. Because of historical relations with the Catholic Church, all pueblos have a church located near the center of the village. Most Pueblo people practice aspects of both the Catholic religion and Pueblo belief systems.[15] The tribe owns the Ohkay Casino and the Oke-Oweenge Crafts Cooperative, which showcases redware pottery, weaving, painting, and other artwork from the eight northern pueblos.[14]
As of 2017[update], 1,480 people were estimated to be living in theCDP,[16] with 6,690 in the surroundingCensus County Division.[17] The2010 census found that 1,522 people in the U.S. described themselves as exclusively Ohkay Owingeh[18] and 1,770 as Ohkay Owingeh exclusively or in combination with another group.[19]
It is in theEspañola Public Schools district.[20] The comprehensive public high school isEspañola Valley High School.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
| Reservations | |
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| Pueblos | |
Municipalities and communities ofRio Arriba County, New Mexico,United States | ||
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| City |  | |
| Village | ||
| CDPs |
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| Other communities | ||
| Ghost towns and former settlements | ||
| Indian reservations | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
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