| Penumbral eclipse | |||||||||
 The Moon's hourly motion shown right to left | |||||||||
| Date | October 30, 2031 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gamma | 1.1774 | ||||||||
| Magnitude | −0.3193 | ||||||||
| Saros cycle | 117 (53 of 72) | ||||||||
| Penumbral | 231 minutes, 45 seconds | ||||||||
| |||||||||
A penumbrallunar eclipse will occur at the Moon’sdescending node of orbit on Thursday, October 30, 2031,[1] with an umbralmagnitude of −0.3193. A lunar eclipse occurs when theMoon moves into theEarth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. A penumbral lunar eclipse occurs when part or all of the Moon's near side passes into the Earth's penumbra. Unlike asolar eclipse, which can only be viewed from a relatively small area of the world, a lunar eclipse may be viewed from anywhere on thenight side of Earth. The Moon's apparent diameter will be near the average diameter because it will occur 7.6 days afterperigee (on October 22, 2031, at 16:20 UTC) and 6.6 days beforeapogee (on November 5, 2031, at 21:45 UTC).[2]
The eclipse will be completely visible overNorth America, westernSouth America, and the easternPacific Ocean, seen rising over easternAustralia andnortheast Asia and setting over eastern South America,west Africa, andwestern Europe.[3]
 |
Shown below is a table displaying details about this particular solar eclipse. It describes various parameters pertaining to this eclipse.[4]
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Penumbral Magnitude | 0.71726 |
| Umbral Magnitude | −0.31925 |
| Gamma | 1.17738 |
| Sun Right Ascension | 14h17m25.0s |
| Sun Declination | -13°44'38.7" |
| Sun Semi-Diameter | 16'06.3" |
| Sun Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 08.9" |
| Moon Right Ascension | 02h16m19.7s |
| Moon Declination | +14°49'53.3" |
| Moon Semi-Diameter | 15'32.2" |
| Moon Equatorial Horizontal Parallax | 0°57'01.3" |
| ΔT | 74.8 s |
This eclipse is part of aneclipse season, a period, roughly every six months, when eclipses occur. Only two (or occasionally three) eclipse seasons occur each year, and each season lasts about 35 days and repeats just short of six months (173 days) later; thus two full eclipse seasons always occur each year. Either two or three eclipses happen each eclipse season. In the sequence below, each eclipse is separated by afortnight.
| October 30 Descending node (full moon) | November 14 Ascending node (new moon) |
|---|---|
|  |
| Penumbral lunar eclipse Lunar Saros 117 | Hybrid solar eclipse Solar Saros 143 |
This eclipse is a member of asemester series. An eclipse in a semester series of lunar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternatingnodes of the Moon's orbit.[5]
The penumbral lunar eclipse onJune 5, 2031 occurs in the previous lunar year eclipse set.
| Lunar eclipse series sets from 2031 to 2034 | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ascending node | Descending node | |||||||
| Saros | Date Viewing | Type Chart | Gamma | Saros | Date Viewing | Type Chart | Gamma | |
| 112 | 2031 May 07 | Penumbral | −1.0694 | 117 | 2031 Oct 30 | Penumbral | 1.1774 | |
| 122 | 2032 Apr 25 | Total | −0.3558 | 127 | 2032 Oct 18 | Total | 0.4169 | |
| 132 | 2033 Apr 14 | Total | 0.3954 | 137 | 2033 Oct 08 | Total | −0.2889 | |
| 142 | 2034 Apr 03 | Penumbral | 1.1144 | 147 | 2034 Sep 28 | Partial | −1.0110 | |
This eclipse is a part ofSaros series 117, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, and containing 71 events. The series started with a penumbral lunar eclipse on April 3, 1094. It contains partial eclipses from June 29, 1238 through September 23, 1382; total eclipses from October 3, 1400 through June 21, 1815; and a second set of partial eclipses from July 2, 1833 throughSeptember 5, 1941. The series ends at member 71 as a penumbral eclipse on May 15, 2356.
The longest duration of totality was produced by member 35 at 105 minutes, 43 seconds on April 17, 1707. All eclipses in this series occur at the Moon’sdescending node of orbit.[6]
| Greatest | First | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| The greatest eclipse of the series occurred on1707 Apr 17, lasting 105 minutes, 43 seconds.[7] | Penumbral | Partial | Total | Central |
| 1094 Apr 03 | 1238 Jun 29 | 1400 Oct 03 | 1563 Jan 09 | |
| Last | ||||
| Central | Total | Partial | Penumbral | |
| 1761 May 18 | 1815 Jun 21 | 1941 Sep 05 | 2356 May 15 | |
Eclipses are tabulated in three columns; every third eclipse in the same column is oneexeligmos apart, so they all cast shadows over approximately the same parts of the Earth.
| Series members 41–62 occur between 1801 and 2200: | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 41 | 42 | 43 | |||
| 1815 Jun 21 | 1833 Jul 02 | 1851 Jul 13 | |||
| 44 | 45 | 46 | |||
| 1869 Jul 23 | 1887 Aug 03 | 1905 Aug 15 | |||
 |  | ||||
| 47 | 48 | 49 | |||
| 1923 Aug 26 | 1941 Sep 05 | 1959 Sep 17 | |||
 |  | |  |  |  |
| 50 | 51 | 52 | |||
| 1977 Sep 27 | 1995 Oct 08 | 2013 Oct 18 | |||
 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 53 | 54 | 55 | |||
| 2031 Oct 30 | 2049 Nov 09 | 2067 Nov 21 | |||
| |  |  |  |  |
| 56 | 57 | 58 | |||
| 2085 Dec 01 | 2103 Dec 13 | 2121 Dec 24 | |||
| 59 | 60 | 61 | |||
| 2140 Jan 04 | 2158 Jan 14 | 2176 Jan 26 | |||
| 62 | |||||
| 2194 Feb 05 | |||||
This eclipse is a part of atritos cycle, repeating at alternating nodes every 135synodic months (≈ 3986.63 days, or 11 years minus 1 month). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with theanomalistic month (period of perigee), but groupings of 3 tritos cycles (≈ 33 years minus 3 months) come close (≈ 434.044 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1835 and 2200 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1835 May 12 (Saros 99) | 1846 Apr 11 (Saros 100) | 1868 Feb 08 (Saros 102) | 1879 Jan 08 (Saros 103) | ||||||
| 1933 Aug 05 (Saros 108) | |||||||||
 |  | ||||||||
| 1944 Jul 06 (Saros 109) | 1955 Jun 05 (Saros 110) | 1966 May 04 (Saros 111) | 1977 Apr 04 (Saros 112) | 1988 Mar 03 (Saros 113) | |||||
 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 1999 Jan 31 (Saros 114) | 2009 Dec 31 (Saros 115) | 2020 Nov 30 (Saros 116) | 2031 Oct 30 (Saros 117) | 2042 Sep 29 (Saros 118) | |||||
 |  |  |  |  |  | | |  |  |
| 2053 Aug 29 (Saros 119) | 2064 Jul 28 (Saros 120) | 2075 Jun 28 (Saros 121) | 2086 May 28 (Saros 122) | 2097 Apr 26 (Saros 123) | |||||
 | |||||||||
| 2108 Mar 27 (Saros 124) | 2119 Feb 25 (Saros 125) | 2130 Jan 24 (Saros 126) | 2140 Dec 23 (Saros 127) | 2151 Nov 24 (Saros 128) | |||||
| 2162 Oct 23 (Saros 129) | 2173 Sep 21 (Saros 130) | 2184 Aug 21 (Saros 131) | 2195 Jul 22 (Saros 132) | ||||||
This eclipse is a part of the long periodinex cycle, repeating at alternating nodes, every 358synodic months (≈ 10,571.95 days, or 29 years minus 20 days). Their appearance and longitude are irregular due to a lack of synchronization with theanomalistic month (period of perigee). However, groupings of 3 inex cycles (≈ 87 years minus 2 months) comes close (≈ 1,151.02 anomalistic months), so eclipses are similar in these groupings.
| Series members between 1801 and 2200 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1829 Mar 20 (Saros 110) | 1858 Feb 27 (Saros 111) | 1887 Feb 08 (Saros 112) | |||
| 1916 Jan 20 (Saros 113) | 1944 Dec 29 (Saros 114) | 1973 Dec 10 (Saros 115) | |||
 |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2002 Nov 20 (Saros 116) | 2031 Oct 30 (Saros 117) | 2060 Oct 09 (Saros 118) | |||
 |  | | | ||
| 2089 Sep 19 (Saros 119) | 2118 Aug 31 (Saros 120) | 2147 Aug 11 (Saros 121) | |||
| 2176 Jul 21 (Saros 122) | |||||
A lunar eclipse will be preceded and followed by solar eclipses by 9 years and 5.5 days (ahalf saros).[8] This lunar eclipse is related to two partial solar eclipses ofSolar Saros 124.
| October 25, 2022 | November 4, 2040 |
|---|---|
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