Oceana County, Michigan | |
|---|---|
 Oceana County Courthouse | |
 Seal | |
 Location within the U.S. state ofMichigan | |
 Michigan's location within theU.S. | |
| Coordinates:43°40′N86°32′W / 43.66°N 86.53°W /43.66; -86.53 | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  Michigan |
| Founded | 1840 (created) 1855 (organized)[1] |
| Seat | Hart |
| Largest city | Hart |
| Area | |
• Total | 1,306 sq mi (3,380 km2) |
| • Land | 512 sq mi (1,330 km2) |
| • Water | 794 sq mi (2,060 km2) 61% |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 26,659 |
• Estimate (2024) | 27,014 |
| • Density | 52.1/sq mi (20.1/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Congressional district | 2nd |
| Website | oceana |
Oceana County (/ˌoʊʃiˈænə/OH-shee-AN-ə) is acounty located in theU.S. state ofMichigan. As of the2020 Census, the population was 26,659.[2] Itscounty seat and largest incorporated community isHart.[3] Oceana County is located in theWest Michigan region of the state'sLower Peninsula. The county has a shoreline alongLake Michigan, which has allowed for agriculture and tourism to flourish within the county. The county is also known as the "Asparagus Capital of the World", and is home to the National Asparagus Festival, in Hart.[4]
Prior to European American settlement, Oceana County was part of the territory of theOjibwe. Early European American settlers were attracted by access along theWhite River, which reaches its mouth onLake Michigan inMuskegon County to the south.
The State of Michigan created the county of Oceana on April 1, 1840.[5] The county was organized in 1855.[1] The origin of the county's name is unclear, although there are two possibilities: the county may have been named for Lake Michigan, the freshwater "ocean," which forms its western border;[6] or for the bookOceana, written by English authorJames Harrington in 1656.[1]
In the 1850s about 1400Odawa were relocated here fromIonia County, Michigan by the federal government.[7]
The county economy was first built on the lumber trade, with logs floated downriver. It later was developed for agriculture. In the 21st century, it is known for its commodity crop ofasparagus. Oceana County is famous as the "Asparagus Capital of the World" for its high production ofasparagus. The annual Asparagus Festival includes a parade and crowning of the Asparagus Queen.
According to theU.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,306 square miles (3,380 km2), of which 512 square miles (1,330 km2) is land and 794 square miles (2,060 km2) (61%) is water.[8] The county is considered to be part ofWest Michigan. The county's western border is formed byLake Michigan.
By land
By water
US 31 is a north–south freeway in the west of Oceana County. It passesRothbury,New Era,Shelby,Mears,Hart, andPentwater.
Bus. US 31 is a business spur serving downtown Hart.
M-20 is an east–west route in the south of the county. The highway's western terminus is at US 31 near New Era, and it continues easterly towardHesperia, where it crosses into Newaygo County.
M-120 is a north–south highway that runs due north from the county tri-point withMuskegon andNewaygo counties to an intersection with M-20 at Hesperia.
B-15 is a north–southcounty-designated highway that parallels the shoreline of Lake Michigan. The route enters the county from the south, and passes throughStony Lake and theSilver Lake area before ending at Pentwater.This rural county reached a peak of population in 2000. It has attracted Hispanic or Latino immigrants who mostly work as farm laborers; in 2010 nearly 14% of the population was Hispanic.
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1840 | 496 | — | |
| 1850 | 300 | −39.5% | |
| 1860 | 1,816 | 505.3% | |
| 1870 | 7,222 | 297.7% | |
| 1880 | 11,699 | 62.0% | |
| 1890 | 15,698 | 34.2% | |
| 1900 | 16,644 | 6.0% | |
| 1910 | 18,379 | 10.4% | |
| 1920 | 15,601 | −15.1% | |
| 1930 | 13,805 | −11.5% | |
| 1940 | 14,812 | 7.3% | |
| 1950 | 16,105 | 8.7% | |
| 1960 | 16,547 | 2.7% | |
| 1970 | 17,984 | 8.7% | |
| 1980 | 22,002 | 22.3% | |
| 1990 | 22,454 | 2.1% | |
| 2000 | 26,873 | 19.7% | |
| 2010 | 26,570 | −1.1% | |
| 2020 | 26,659 | 0.3% | |
| 2024 (est.) | 27,014 | [9] | 1.3% |
| US Decennial Census[10] 1790-1960[11] 1900-1990[12] 1990-2000[13] 2010-2018[2] | |||
The2010 United States census[14] indicates Oceana County had a 2010 population of 26,570. This decrease of 303 people from the2000 United States census represents a 1.1% population decrease in the decade. In 2010 there were 10,174 households and 7,239 families in the county. Thepopulation density was 51.9 per square mile (20.0 square kilometers). There were 15,944 housing units at an average density of 31.1 per square mile (12.0 square kilometers). Theracial and ethnic makeup of the county was 83.7% White, 0.4% Black or African American, 0.8% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 13.7% Hispanic or Latino, 0.1% from other races, and 1.2% from two or more races.
There were 10,174 households, out of which 30.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.6% werehusband and wife families, 9.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 28.8% were non-families, and 24.6% were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.58 and the average family size was 3.04.
The county population contained 24.9% under age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 21.5% from 25 to 44, 29.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 100.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 99.3 males.
The2010 American Community Survey 3-year estimate[14] indicates the median income for a household in the county was $39,043 and the median income for a family was $46,816. Males had a median income of $21,774 versus $14,186 for females. Theper capita income for the county was $18,065. About 1.9% of families and 19.0% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 30.4% of those under the age 18 and 11.3% of those age 65 or over.
TheElectric Forest Festival (formerly the Rothbury Music Festival) has been held annually inRothbury, Michigan since 2008, except 2020 and 2021, due to COVID.[17]
Camping is a popular summer activity in Oceana County. Areas on thelakeshore such asSilver Lake,Pentwater, andStony Lake are popular tourist sites.
Oceana County has largely voted Republican through the years. Since 1884 its voters have selected the Republican Party nominee in 83% (30 of 36) of the national elections through 2024.
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 1884 | 1,637 | 51.04% | 1,213 | 37.82% | 357 | 11.13% |
| 1888 | 1,726 | 47.82% | 1,426 | 39.51% | 457 | 12.66% |
| 1892 | 1,635 | 47.38% | 1,416 | 41.03% | 400 | 11.59% |
| 1896 | 2,534 | 58.09% | 1,637 | 37.53% | 191 | 4.38% |
| 1900 | 2,407 | 63.08% | 1,199 | 31.42% | 210 | 5.50% |
| 1904 | 2,653 | 75.65% | 591 | 16.85% | 263 | 7.50% |
| 1908 | 2,445 | 68.51% | 799 | 22.39% | 325 | 9.11% |
| 1912 | 857 | 23.00% | 796 | 21.36% | 2,073 | 55.64% |
| 1916 | 1,957 | 54.27% | 1,387 | 38.46% | 262 | 7.27% |
| 1920 | 3,535 | 77.85% | 785 | 17.29% | 221 | 4.87% |
| 1924 | 3,335 | 74.94% | 650 | 14.61% | 465 | 10.45% |
| 1928 | 3,555 | 79.55% | 871 | 19.49% | 43 | 0.96% |
| 1932 | 2,481 | 43.47% | 3,051 | 53.46% | 175 | 3.07% |
| 1936 | 2,663 | 45.44% | 2,902 | 49.51% | 296 | 5.05% |
| 1940 | 3,711 | 60.57% | 2,379 | 38.83% | 37 | 0.60% |
| 1944 | 3,534 | 66.24% | 1,738 | 32.58% | 63 | 1.18% |
| 1948 | 2,943 | 60.07% | 1,714 | 34.99% | 242 | 4.94% |
| 1952 | 4,704 | 71.04% | 1,799 | 27.17% | 119 | 1.80% |
| 1956 | 4,479 | 70.29% | 1,868 | 29.32% | 25 | 0.39% |
| 1960 | 4,418 | 62.38% | 2,651 | 37.43% | 13 | 0.18% |
| 1964 | 2,958 | 43.87% | 3,773 | 55.95% | 12 | 0.18% |
| 1968 | 3,911 | 56.22% | 2,152 | 30.93% | 894 | 12.85% |
| 1972 | 4,992 | 64.20% | 2,525 | 32.47% | 259 | 3.33% |
| 1976 | 5,236 | 59.51% | 3,427 | 38.95% | 135 | 1.53% |
| 1980 | 5,465 | 57.14% | 3,386 | 35.40% | 713 | 7.46% |
| 1984 | 6,405 | 68.69% | 2,865 | 30.72% | 55 | 0.59% |
| 1988 | 5,693 | 62.46% | 3,356 | 36.82% | 65 | 0.71% |
| 1992 | 3,944 | 37.36% | 3,846 | 36.43% | 2,767 | 26.21% |
| 1996 | 3,947 | 40.52% | 4,419 | 45.36% | 1,376 | 14.12% |
| 2000 | 5,913 | 54.89% | 4,597 | 42.68% | 262 | 2.43% |
| 2004 | 6,677 | 54.30% | 5,441 | 44.25% | 179 | 1.46% |
| 2008 | 5,860 | 46.85% | 6,405 | 51.20% | 244 | 1.95% |
| 2012 | 6,239 | 54.49% | 5,063 | 44.22% | 148 | 1.29% |
| 2016 | 7,228 | 60.59% | 3,973 | 33.30% | 729 | 6.11% |
| 2020 | 8,892 | 63.15% | 4,944 | 35.11% | 244 | 1.73% |
| 2024 | 9,547 | 64.14% | 5,085 | 34.16% | 252 | 1.69% |
Oceana County operates the County jail, maintains rural roads, operates the major local courts, records deeds, mortgages, andvital records, administerspublic health regulations, and participates with the state in the provision of social services. The county board of commissioners controls the budget and has limited authority to make laws or ordinances. In Michigan, most local government functions – police and fire, building and zoning, tax assessment, street maintenance etc. – are the responsibility of individual cities and townships.
(information as of May 2021)[19]
TheWest Shore Educational Service District, based inLudington, services the districts in the county along with those ofMason andLake counties. Theintermediate school district offers regionalspecial education and general education services, as well astechnical career programs for its students.[20]
Oceana County is served by the following regularpublicschool districts:[21]
Oceana County has the followingprivate schools:[22]
Places adjacent to Oceana County, Michigan | |
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Municipalities and communities ofOceana County, Michigan,United States | ||
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| Other unincorporated communities | ||
| Footnotes | ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties | |
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