For the historical region of Southern Europe, seeOccitania.
You can helpexpand this article with text translated fromthe corresponding article in French.Click [show] for important translation instructions.
Machine translation, likeDeepL orGoogle Translate, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.
Consideradding a topic to this template: there are already 1,461 articles in themain category, and specifying|topic= will aid in categorization.
Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
Youmust providecopyright attribution in theedit summary accompanying your translation by providing aninterlanguage link to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary isContent in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Occitanie (région administrative)]]; see its history for attribution.
You may also add the template{{Translated|fr|Occitanie (région administrative)}} to thetalk page.
The modern administrative region is named after the larger cultural and historical region ofOccitania, which corresponds with the southern third of France. The region of Occitania as it is today covers a territory similar to that ruled by theCounts of Toulouse in the 12th and 13th centuries. The banner of arms of the Counts of Toulouse, known colloquially as theOccitan cross, is used by the modern region and is also a popular cultural symbol. In 2022, Occitania had a population of 6,080,731.
Enacted in 2014, the territorial reform of French regions had been subject to debate for many years.[5] The reform law used as the new region's provisional name, thehyphenated names of its predecessors:Languedoc-Roussillon andMidi-Pyrénées, in alphabetical order. As for most of the merged regions, a permanent name was then proposed by the newregional council to replace that provisional name.[6][7][8] On 24 June 2016, the Regional Council of Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées adopted the name Occitania after lengthy public consultation.[9] The provisional name of the region was withdrawn on 30 September 2016, when the new name took effect.[4]
Occitania, the new name, derives from the historical appellation of the broader region, and refers to the historical use throughout that territory of theOccitan language and its various dialects, which are so named for the wordòc, the Occitan word foroui or "yes". The circa 450,000 French Catalans living in the region (orCatalans of the North, as they mostly call themselves) expressed dismay at the regional assembly resolution, regarding the new name as ignoring their presence.[10] On 10 September 2016, some 10,000 people (7,800 according to the police) demonstrated inPerpignan, demanding that the merged region name contain the wordsPays catalan (literal translation: "Catalan country").[11]
Thegross domestic product (GDP) of the region was 171.2 billion euros in 2018, accounting for 7.3% of French economic output. GDP per capita adjusted for purchasing power was 26,000 euros or 86% of the EU27 average in the same year. The GDP per employee was 102% of theEU average.[14]
Map of the new region with its thirteen departments, coloured according to thehistorical provinces as they existed until the aftermath of theFrench Revolution (1790).
The historic cultural area ofOccitania (red line) and the current administrative regions ofSouthern France.
From the 15th to the 18th century, the jurisdiction of theParlement of Toulouse extended over a territory very similar to that of the current Occitania region.
Occitania[16] (Occitània[17] orÓucitanìo[18] inOccitan) is ahistorical region[19][20][21] of southwesternEurope in whichOccitan language was the mainvernacular language. This territory was already united, in Roman times first as the Diocese of Vienne and then as the Seven Provinces (Septem Provinciae)[22] and inAquitaine at the beginning of theMiddle Ages[23] (Aquitanica, Visigoth kingdom of Toulouse),[24] before the Frankish conquest. Occitania is characterized by "the Occitan culture", since the Middle Ages another expression ofRomance culture inFrance and to a lesser extent inItaly,Spain andMonaco.[25] It is presented and recognized on institutional sites of French communities, such as those of the Lot-et-Garonne County Council[26] and the city ofAgen.[27]
The year 1359 marked a turning point in the history of the province.[28] The threebailiwicks (sénéchaussées) ofBèucaire,Carcassona andTolosa had the status ofbonnes villes (towns granted privileges and protection by the king of France in return for providing a contingent of men at arms). In that year, the three entered into a perpetual union, after which their contribution of royal officers was summoned jointly rather than separately for each of the threesénéchaussées.[29][30][31][32]
Towards the end of the 14th century, the term "country of the three seneschalties" (pays des trois sénéchaussées), later to become known as Languedoc, designated the two bailiwicks of Bèucaire-Nimes andCarcassona, and the eastern part ofTolosa (Toulouse), retained under theTreaty of Brétigny. At that time, theCounty of Foix, which belonged to the seneschal of Carcassona until 1333 before passing to Toulouse, ceased to belong to Languedoc. In 1542, the province was divided into twogénéralités: Toulouse for Haut-Languedoc, and Montpellier for Bas-Languedoc. This lasted until the French Revolution in 1789. From the 17th century onward, there was only one intendance for the whole of Languedoc, with its seat in Montpellier.
Coat of arms of the duchies of Aquitaine and Guyenne, taken again by the province of Guyenne, of gules with a leopard of gold
Theformer provinces ofGascony (inGasconGasconha,Occitan pronunciation:[ɡasˈkuɲɔ]), andGuyenne; inOccitanGuiana[ˈɡjanɔ]) were historically part of the Great South-West of France (Grand Sud-Ouest français), and derived from the medievalduchies ofVasconia,Aquitaine and thenGuyenne. Today, only the eastern regions of the two provinces are part of Occitania. These areas correspond essentially to the territories acquired by the kings ofEngland, dukes of Guyenne, under thetreaty of Brétigny of 1360, and which then remained under the jurisdiction of the provincial appellate court of Toulouse (Parlement of Toulouse) after the creation of the Parlement of Bordeaux in 1462. From that time, they were generally grouped under the name ofHaute-Guyenne, by opposition withBasse-Guyenne, which was dependent on the Parlement of Bordeaux.
Coat of arms of the former province ofGascogne, quartered azure a lion of silver and gules a sheaf of wheat azure bound gold, was created forLouis XIV: it refers to the lion ofcounts of Armagnac
The territory of theformer province ofGuyenne (Guiana) that lies within the region corresponds withQuercy (the current department ofLot and the north ofTarn e Garona), and withRoergue (Avairon). These two counties are thus part of theOccitan linguistic area, in itsLanguedocien dialectal variant. They were possessions of theCounts of Toulouse from the 9th century, at various stages a minor branch or the main branch. Like the other possessions of the Counts of Toulouse, they were integrated for the first time with theFrench royal domain in 1271, and then yielded to the kings of England under the 1360Treaty of Brétigny. The province ofQuercy was definitely reunited with the Crown in 1472;Roergue, possession of the counts of Armagnac, did not follow until 1607. Both came within theprovince of Guyenne, under military rule from 1561. Together, they became thegénéralité ofMontauban from 1635, which then became the province of Haute-Guyenne in 1779. Today, the name Guyenne no longer has administrative or political currency, although theHaut-Agenais used the termPais de Guiana in a campaign which evoked its historical identity to promote theLot-et-Garonne and part of the valley ofDròt. This reference is now superseded in the promotion of tourism by the designationPais del Dròt. The appellations Quercy and Roergue, in contrast, retain a strong identity.
From the time of theFrench Revolution, the county was fully incorporated into the department ofAriège. The Occitan dialect traditionally spoken there isLanguedocien.
These territories corresponded to theCatalan counties ofRoussillon andConflent, founded in the 9th century, as well as to the northern part of theCounty of Cerdanya, to which was added the former Vicounty of Castelnou, orVallespir (thepagus ofCounty of Besalú, united with theCounty of Roussillon in 1209). The new Province of Roussillon[35] also known simply as Roussillon,[36] brought together the medieval administrative courts, orvigueries, of Roussillon,[37]Conflent,[38] and the north of theCounty of Cerdanya[39] which were part of the government structure of theCrown of Aragon's (and attached to thePrincipality of Catalonia) counties of Roussillon and Cerdanya (governació dels comtats de Rosselló i Cerdanya inCatalan)[40] at the time of their attachment to France. Roussillon was subject to direct taxation as apays d'imposition (taxing country) and did not have representation throughthe Estates[41] (a provincial assembly, the provincial assembly of Roussillon,[42] was created on 15 August 1787).[43] It formed both a government[44] and an intendance[45] and reported to theSecretary of State for War as a border province. It had sovereign jurisdiction: the Sovereign Council of Roussillon, independent of theParlement of Toulouse.
Currently, the nameRoussillon is still the most widely used to designate this territory, being found in the denomination of the former region ofLanguedoc-Roussillon.
^Loi n° 2015-29 du 16 janvier 2015 Relative à la délimitation des régions, aux élections régionales et départementales et modifiant le calendrier électoral (in fr)
^"Thousands hold pro Catalan rally in southern France".www.yahoo.com. 10 September 2016.Archived from the original on 11 September 2016. Retrieved6 November 2017.Organisers said as many as 10,000 people gathered -- police put the figure at some 7,800 people -- to demand their newly-merged region contain the words "Pays catalan" (Catalan land).
^Malcolm Todd (2004).The Early Germans. The peoples of Europe (second revised and expanded ed.).Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. 139 to 171; Chapter 7:The Gothics kingdoms.ISBN978-1-4051-1714-2.
^Michel Zimmermann (1992).Southern societies around the year 1000, directory of sources and documents commented (in French). Paris: CNRS éditions.ISBN2222047153.
^Collective directed by André Armengaud and Robert Lafont (1979).History of Occitania - by a team of historians. Paris: Hachette.ISBN2010060393.
^Vincent Adoumié (23 January 2013).Les régions françaises (in French) (2nd revised and expanded ed.). Paris: Hachette supérieur.ISBN978-2-01-140018-5.Archived from the original on 27 December 2017. Retrieved26 December 2017.
^France. Assemblée provinciale du RoussillonBnF124999479.
^Règlement fait par le Roi [en Conseil] sur la formation et la composition des assemblées qui auront lieu dans la province de Roussillon (Versailles, 15 août 1787). Paris: Imprimerie royale. 1787..
.jpg)
.svg)
.svg)
.png)
