Observation.org is a worldwide platform ofnaturalists,citizen scientists, andbiologists to collect, validate and sharebiodiversity observations. Observation.org may be accessed via its website or from itsmobile applications like ObsIdentify or Observation.[1] By 2026, the database has grown to include over 314 million nature observations of 145,595 species, supported by 138 million photos contributed by 584,000 users.[2] It is published and hosted in theNetherlands under Dutch and European law by the non-profit foundation Observation International.[1]
The history of Observation International began in 2003 with the launch ofWaarneming.nl. Since then, it has grown steadily, reaching 50 million observations in 2017 and over 154 million observations in 2026.[3][4] Subsequently, the BelgianWaarnemingen.be followed in 2008 and includes over 93 million observations as of 2026.[5] There were 5000 daily visitors and a total of 1.5 million after 5 years.[6] During the COVID-19 pandemic location data of observations were hidden to prevent gathering ofbird watchers.[7]
Quality assurance measures on Observation.org is managed by established species experts responsible for curating the reference set of observations.[8] Automated validation, supported by artificial intelligence, uses this reference set to aid validators in managing the extensive dataset. However, human experts retain final authority in all validation matters.[9][10] As of 2026, over half (62%) of the observations have been validated.[2]
The observations that have been approved are shared asopen data onGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF).[11] The dataset comprises approximately 82 million occurrences, 19 million annotated photos[12] and 69,000 annotated sound recordings.[13] Observation.org is the third largest publisher of the world on GBIF.[14]
As of December 2023, more than 1,700 research results have been published that cite the Observation.org dataset on GBIF[15], often in the fields of ecology, conservation, andclimate change. This research includes for example the discovery of new species for a country[16][17][18], documentation of changes in behavior[19][20], monitoring invasive alien species[21][22][23][24][25], finding causes of local extinction[26] and trackingzoonoses such asAvian influenza[27]. Other examples are the integration of nature data into national research programmes[28][29] and European biodiversity projects[30][31]. The annotated Observation.org photos are used to train automatic species recognition models.[32][33]
Users of Observation.org regularly participate inBioblitzes to collaboratively collect nature observations. Examples of these Bioblitzes are the City Nature Challenge[34][35], the Biomaratón de Otoño inSpain[36] and the annual ICA Biodiversity Challenge Bioblitz; organized amongICA-affiliated European universities, which is an event where participating universities compete to record the highest number of species on their campuses to raise awareness for biodiversity.[37][38]
^Sevgili, Hasan; Yilmaz, Kaan (2022). "Contributions of citizen scientists to monitoring alien species: the case study on Giant Asian Mantes, Hierodula tenuidentata and H. patellifera (Mantodea: Mantidae)".Zoology in the Middle East.68 (4):350–358.doi:10.1080/09397140.2022.2145802.S2CID254638249.
^Ravoet, Jorgen; Barbier, Yvan; Klein, Wim (2017). "First observation of another invasive mud dauber wasp in Belgium: Sceliphron caementarium (Drury, 1773) (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)".Bulletin de la Société royale belge d'Entomologie/Bulletin van de Koninklijke Belgische Vereniging voor Entomologie.153:40–42.
