Obrovac | |
|---|---|
| Grad Obrovac Town of Obrovac | |
 View of Obrovac | |
  Obrovac Location of Obrovac in Croatia | |
| Coordinates:44°12′03″N15°40′52″E / 44.2007°N 15.6811°E /44.2007; 15.6811 | |
| Country |  Croatia |
| Region | Dalmatia |
| County |  Zadar |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Santino Matušin (SIP) |
| Area | |
• Town | 353.0 km2 (136.3 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1.2 km2 (0.46 sq mi) |
| Population (2021)[2] | |
• Town | 3,453 |
| • Density | 9.782/km2 (25.33/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 793 |
| • Urban density | 660/km2 (1,700/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (Central European Time) |
| Website | obrovac |
Obrovac (pronounced[ɔbrɔ̌ːʋats]) is a town located in northernDalmatia, in theZadar County ofCroatia. The Obrovac municipality has a total population of 4,323 people. The town is located in the canyon of the riverZrmanja.
Obrovac is a town on the Zrmanja River some 11 km from the mouth of the river of the Novigrad sea. Above the town are theruins of a fortified city.[3] Not far from its tributary, the town of Krupa, there is a monastery with a valuable icon collection. About 2 km (1.24 mi) north-west of the town, along the road heading up to the mountains, lies a huge deserted industrial complex, analumina plant built in the 1970s.[citation needed] South of the town there is extraordinaryBijela Rivercanyon with a lot ofwaterfalls and smallponds and pools.[citation needed]
The Croatian noble familyKurjaković, also known as the Counts ofKrbava, were the first rulers of the town of Obrovac, which was first mentioned in 1337 under the nameObrouec. In 1527 Obrovac was taken over by the Ottoman Turks.
In October 1683, the population ofVenetian Dalmatia, principally Uskoks ofRavni kotari, took arms and together with therayah (lower class) of the Ottoman frontier regions rose up, takingSkradin,Karin,Vrana,Benkovac and Obrovac.[4] In 1687,Stojan Janković, a Morlach leader, forced the Ottomans out of Obrovac.[citation needed]
In 2008, Obrovac unveiled a restored riviera, which was the biggest financial investment in the city since Croatian independence.[5] In 2009, a mass grave from World War II was found in the area.[6]
The total population is 4,323, distributed in the followingsettlements:[7]
The municipality's population peaked at 13,498 in the 1971 census.[8] In the 1970s and 1980s, due to a low living standard in the area, Obrovac was significantly affected by emigration.[9]
According to the 1991 census, shortly before the start of theCroatian War of Independence, 65.5% of population declared as ethnicSerbs.[10] During Operation Storm, a large portion of the town left the area upon the arrival ofCroatian Army on 5 August 1995, the second day of the operation.[11] The current majority areCroats with 65.7%, while 31.4% are Serbs.[12]
| population | 6186 | 6814 | 7207 | 7408 | 8751 | 9814 | 9027 | 10092 | 9116 | 9696 | 10185 | 10321 | 9576 | 9069 | 3387 | 4323 | 3453 |
| 1857 | 1869 | 1880 | 1890 | 1900 | 1910 | 1921 | 1931 | 1948 | 1953 | 1961 | 1971 | 1981 | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 | 2021 |
Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for the local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in the management of local affairs.[13] At the2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives electionsSerbs of Croatia fulfilled legal requirements to elect 15 members minority councils of the Town of Obrovac.[14]
Within thePeople's Party, Klaić quickly came into conflict withMihovil Pavlinović, though Pavlinović eventually gave up on enforcing his views over the entire party and privately rejected theInterconfessional laws that the German liberals had passed in 1868, 1869 and 1874, which strengthened the powers of state over those of the church.[15]
In the majoritySerbian district of Obrovac, which had voted for theZemljaci in 1873, a feeling of betrayal prevailed after certain political decisions by the now-ruling People's Party, including a lack of fulfilment of certain promises made by Klaić.[a] After a series of meetings held in theKrka monastery from October 1873 to February 1874 under the leadership ofVladimir Desnica,Vladimir Simić,Nikodim Milaš,Ljubomir Vujnović [sr] andBogoljub Petranović [sr].[b] It drew up a list of demands from Mihovil Klaić, seeking from him an affirmation of the equality of the Serbian ethnonym, language and script, the removal of "clericals"[c] from the party's mouthpiece,Narodni list and the introduction ofCyrillic into public schools as a sign ofPan-Slavic reciprocity. The demands did not represent an ultimatum, being under the influence of the more pragmatic Vladimir Simić. Similar demands had been made to Klaić in a private letter likely from Simić before the 1873 election,[d] and in response to the 1874 demands he replied publicly inNarodni list.[17]
Already in February 1875, a new meeting was held in the Krka monastery.[17]
On 29 January 1877,Stjepan Mitrov Ljubiša gave a speech before the Diet of Dalmatia in which openly opposed the unification of Dalmatia with Croatia-Slavonia. With the assent of Klaić, with whom Ljubiša had a personal feud,[18] the decision was made in the People's Party to target Ljubiša. They had the verification commission annul Ljubiša's election on the grounds that one of his voters had not yet been of age. The People's Party, in the majority, accepted the proposal. In his final address, Ljubiša held a speech accusing the People's Party of religious and ethnic intolerance, declaring that the Serbian national movement would work independently in the future. Shortly thereafter, Nikodim Milaš published an article inGlas Crnogorca calling for the foundation of a separate Serbian party in Dalmatia with its own media outlet, because of the loss of confidence of the Serbs in the People's Party. The result was a lasting exchange ofpolemics betweenNarodni list representing the Croats with Pavlinović at their head andGlas Crnogorca andZastava [sr] representing the Serbs with Milaš at their head.[19]
On the Bosnian question of the 1870s in the leadup to theAustro-Hungarian campaign of 1878, two opposite opinions on the fate of theBosnian vilayet formed in theDiet of Dalmatia. Mihovil Pavlinović led thePeople's Party in arguing it ought to be annexed by Austria-Hungary, and then given to the Croatian element of theTriune Kingdom they desired. Klaić, still a People's Party candidate but increasingly intermediate between the Party norm and the Slavic wing of theAutonomist Party, preferred a Serbian annexation of Bosnia and eventually of the same territory the People's Party wanted for their Kingdom of Croatia, includingDalmatia.[20]
After the Austrian occupation of Bosnia, however, Klaić accepted the change as a done deal. During the elections in July 1879, Klaić ran as a People's Party candidate for theelectoral district Zadar-Pag-Benkovac-Obrovac. Zadar remained the last stronghold of the Autonomist Party, leaving the Serbian voters of Benkovac and Obrovac with the decisive vote. The election became especially contentious in Obrovac, where the Serbs refused to accept the program of the People's Party to unite all four, and now five, kingdoms, into a single "Croatian" kingdom, whichSava Bjelanović would later term the "Quintune" kingdom (Serbian:Petojednica), referring toBosnia,Slavonia,Croatia,Fiume (or part of theAustrian Littoral) and Dalmatia. Some compromise-leaning Serbs proposedManfred Borelli [hr] orJovo Medović run instead of Klaić. Pavlinović proposed the municipal administrator (Serbo-Croatian:općinski načelnik) of Obrovac, Vladimir Simić, run. This would have been just to prevent the development of a Serb-Autonomist coalition, but such a coalition was already forming. The Autonomists decided to runGustav Ivanić against Klaić, as Ivanić was a son-in-law of the Zadar Autonomist leaderNicolò Trigari [it]. Ivanić signed a list of demands from the Serbs, including the rejection of uniting Dalmatia withCroatia-Slavonia and the recognition of the Serbs as an independent ethnicity. Even with Klaić, the People's Party was unwilling to match Ivanić's demands, and lost the election in December. It was the first loss of many to the new Italo-Serbian coalition, and this gained the Autonomists a majority in the Diet of Dalmatia. Many Croats of the People's Party then accused the Serbs of treachery.[21]
Upon the foundation of the Serbian Party, Klaić took a relatively mild stance against it for a Croat politician, as he considered it likely to dissipate over time, without support from the government at any level. For this reason, he considered it prudent to simply ignore the party. Following this advice, theNarodni list paid only peripheral attention to the Serbian Party in 1880 and 1881, and generally within the scope of attacks on the Autonomists. Pavlinović ended this at the end of 1881 with a polemic directed against Sava Bjelanović, because Bjelanović had signed a letter of criticism of Pavlinović as a "Catholic Serb", to which Pavlinović responded with accusing Bjelanović of trying to convert Catholic Slavs to Serbdom.[22]
Soon after,Srpski list was founded to represent the new Serbian party. It directed most of its criticism against Pavlinović, while deriding Klaić's liberal wing as Pavlinović's "subjects" (Serbian:podložnici).Sava Bjelanović led a liberal Serbian wing, often supported by SerbianEastern Catholics, especially inDubrovnik. Bjelanović's death in 1897 led to a schism within the Serbian Party between conservatives and liberal-radicals.[23]
Становништво Млетачке Далмације, на првом месту Котарски ускоци, још у октобру 1683. дигло се на оружје заједно с рајом у пограничним крајевима Турске. Устаници су "сами заузели Скрадин, Карин, Врану, Бенковац и Обровац
Subdivisions ofZadar County | ||
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| Cities and towns |  | |
| Municipalities | ||
44°12′1″N15°40′53″E / 44.20028°N 15.68139°E /44.20028; 15.68139
