Obituary poetry, in the broad sense, includespoems orelegies that commemorate a person's or group of people'sdeaths.
In its stricter sense, though, it refers to agenre of popular verse orfolk poetry that had its greatest popularity in the nineteenth century, especially in theUnited States of America. The genre consists largely ofsentimentalnarrative verse that tells the story of the demise of its typically named subjects and seeks to console theirmourners with descriptions of their happyafterlife. The genre achieved its peak of popularity in the decade of the 1870s.[1] While usually full chiefly of conventional pious sentiments, the obituary poets in one sense continue the program of meditations on death begun by the eighteenth-centurygraveyard poets, such asEdward Young'sNight Thoughts, and as such continue one of the themes that went into literaryRomanticism.[2]
Obituary poetry constituted a large portion of the poetry published in American newspapers[3] in the nineteenth century.[4] In 1870,Mark Twain wrote an essay on "Post-mortem Poetry",[5] in which he remarked that:
and collected examples, such as the following, occasioned by the death of Samuel Pervil Worthington Doble, aged 4 days.
The deaths of children and young adults were particular objects of inspiration to the obituary poets, who memorialized them with sentimental verse.Julia A. Moore, apoet from Michigan who published several volumes of poems mostly on obituary subjects, was a well known exponent of the genre.G. Washington Childs,[6] sometimes called "TheLaureate of Grief", was another well known exponent; he was one of the chief authors of the verse appearing in thePhiladelphia Public Ledger that was noticed by Twain.[7]Lydia Sigourney,[8] while not confining her work to the genre, frequently contributed to it:[9]
Ere sin has seared the breast,
Or sorrow waked the tear,
Rise to thy throne of changeless rest,
In yon celestial sphere!
Twain's character of "Emmeline Grangerford", appearing inThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, was inspired by the genre, and in large measure by Moore's verse.[10] Twain's was by no means the onlyparody the genre inspired.Max Adeler mocked the obituary poets in his 1874Out of the Hurly Burly, andEugene Field producedThe Little Peach:[11]
The obituary poets were, in the popular stereotype, either women or clergymen.[12] Obituary poetry may be the source of some of themurder ballads and other traditionalnarrative verse of the United States, and the sentimental tales told by the obituary poets showed their abiding vitality a hundred years later in the genre ofteenage tragedy songs.[13]