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Oamaru Oamaru, Te Oha-a-Maru (Māori) | |
|---|---|
Town | |
.jpg) Oamaru's historic section of Tyne Street | |
 | |
| Coordinates:45°05′53″S170°58′16″E / 45.098°S 170.971°E /-45.098; 170.971 | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| Region | Otago |
| Territorial authority | Waitaki District |
| Ward | Oamaru Ward |
| Electorates |
|
| Government | |
| • Territorial authority | Waitaki District Council |
| • Regional council | Otago Regional Council |
| • Mayor of Waitaki | Melanie Tavendale[1] |
| • Waitaki MP | Miles Anderson |
| • Te Tai Tonga MP | Tākuta Ferris |
| Area | |
• Total | 20.21 km2 (7.80 sq mi) |
| Population (June 2025)[3] | |
• Total | 14,300 |
| • Density | 708/km2 (1,830/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Oamaruvian |
| Time zone | UTC+12 (NZST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+13 (NZDT) |
| Post code | 9400 |
| Area code | 03 |
| Localiwi | Ngāi Tahu |
Oamaru[a] is the largest town inNorth Otago, in theSouth Island of New Zealand, it is the main town in theWaitaki District. It is 80 kilometres (50 mi) south ofTimaru and 120 kilometres (75 mi) north ofDunedin on thePacific coast;State Highway 1 and the railwayMain South Line connect it to both cities. With a population of 14,300,[3] Oamaru is the28th largest urban area in New Zealand, and the third largest in Otago behindDunedin andQueenstown. The town is the seat of Waitaki District, which includes the surrounding towns ofKurow,Weston,Palmerston, andHampden, which combined have a total population of 23,200.[7]
Friendly Bay is a popular recreational area located at the edge of Oamaru Harbour, south of Oamaru's main centre. Just to the north of Oamaru is the substantial AllianceAbattoir atPukeuri, at a major junction withState Highway 83, the main route into theWaitaki Valley. This provides a road link to Kurow,Omarama,Otematata and via theLindis Pass to Queenstown and Wānaka. Oamaru serves as the eastern gateway to theMackenzie Basin, via the Waitaki Valley.
Oamaru has been built between the rolling hills of limestone and short stretch of flat land to the sea. This limestone rock is used for the construction of local "Oamaru stone", sometimes called "Whitestone" buildings.
Oamaru enjoys a protected location in the shelter ofCape Wanbrow. The town was laid out in 1858 by Otago's provincial surveyorJohn Turnbull Thomson, who named the early streets after British rivers, particularly rivers in the northwest and southeast of the country.
The nameOamaru derives from theMāori and can be translated as 'the place of Maru' (cf. Timaru).[8] The identity of Maru remains open to conjecture.
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There are some important archaeological sites around Oamaru. Those at theWaitaki River mouth and atAwamoa both date from the Archaic (moa-hunter) phase ofMāori culture, when New Zealand's human population clustered along the south-east coast from about AD 1100. The Waitaki River mouth had at least 1,200 ovens. Awamoa saw the first archaeological excavation in New Zealand when W.B.D. Mantell dug there at Christmas 1847 and in 1852. Smaller Archaic sites exist at Cape Wanbrow and at Beach Road in central Oamaru. The distinctive Archaic art of the Waitaki Valley rock shelters dates from this period — some of it presumably made by the occupants of these sites. The area also features Classic and Protohistoric sites, from after about AD 1500, at Tamahaerewhenua, Tekorotuaheka, Te Punamaru, Papakaio, andKakanui.[9]
Māori tradition tells of the ancient people Kahui Tipua building a canoe,Āraiteuru, which sailed from southern New Zealand to the ancestralPolynesian homeland,Hawaiki, to obtainkūmara. On its return it became waterlogged off the Waitaki River mouth, lost food baskets atMoeraki beach and ended up wrecked at Matakaea (Shag Point) where it turned into Danger Reef. After the wreck a crew member, Pahihiwitahi, seeking water, discovered the Waitaki River, but on returning south and failing to reach the wreck before dawn he was turned into a hill in the Shag Valley. Modern academics have suggested this tale is an allegorical explanation of the fact that kūmara will not grow south ofBanks Peninsula.
On 20 February 1770James Cook in theEndeavour reached a position very close to the Waitaki mouth and "about 3 Miles [5 km] from the shore", according to his journal. He said the land "here is very low and flat and continues so up to the skirts of the Hills which are at least 4 or 5 Miles [6–8 km] in land. The whole face of the Country appears barren, nor did we see any signs of inhabitants." He stayed on this part of the coast four days. Sydney Parkinson, the expedition's artist, described what seems to be Cape Wanbrow, in Oamaru. On 20 February he wrote "...we were near the land, which formed an agreeable view to the naked eye. The hills were of a moderate height, having flats that extended from them a long way, bordered by a perpendicular rocky cliff next to the sea."
Māori did live in the area, andsealers visited the coast in 1814. TheCreed manuscript, discovered in 2003, records:
Some of the [local] people [had been] absent on a feasting expedition to meet a great party from Taumutu, Akaroa, Orawenua [Arowhenua]. They were returning. The [sealers'] boat passed on to the Bluff 8 miles [13 km] north of Moeraki where they landed & arranged their boat – & lay down to sleep in their boat. At night Pukuheke, father of Te More, went to the boat, found them asleep & came back to the other Natives south of the Bluff. They went with 100 [men] killing 5 Europeans & eat them. Two of the seven escaped through the darkness of the night & fled as far as Goodwood, Bobby's Head, after being 2 days and nights on the way.
Pukuheke's party killed and ate these as well. The Pākehā, a party from theMatilda (Captain Fowler), under the first mate Robert Brown with two other Europeans and five lascars or Indian seamen, made eight in all, not seven as the manuscript says. They had been sent in an open boat from Stewart Island in search of a party of absconding lascars. Brown must have had some reason for searching for them on the North Otago coast.
AfterTe Rauparaha's sack of the largepā (fortified settlement) atKaiapoi near modernChristchurch in 1831, refugees came south and gained permission to settle at Kakaunui (Kakanui), and the territory between Pukeuri and Waianakarua, including the site of urban Oamaru, became their domain.[10]
Whalers sometimes visited this part of the coast in the 1830s. TheJason, for example, probably ofNew London in the United States, Captain Chester, was reported at "Otago Bluff" south of Kakanui, with 2,500 barrels (400 m3) of oil, on 1 December 1839.[11]
Edward Shortland visited the area in 1844, coming overland fromWaikouaiti. On 9 January he recorded "Our path to-day was sometimes along the edge of a low cliff, sometimes along the beach, till we approached Oamaru point, where it turned inland, and crossed a low range of hills, from which we looked over an extensive plain … Towards the afternoon, we ascended a range of hills called Pukeuri, separating this plain from another more extensive. The sky was so remarkably clear that, from the highest point of the pathway, Moeraki was distinctly in view..." He made a map and placed Oamaru on it. He was one of several Europeans who passed through the area on foot in the 1840s. James Saunders became the first European resident of the district some time before 1850 when he settled to trade among the Māori of the Waitaki River mouth.[12]
More European settlers arrived in the Oamaru area in the 1850s. Hugh Robison built and lived in a sod hut by Oamaru Creek in 1853 while establishing hissheep run. J.T. Thomson surveyed the place as a town in 1859, and theOtago Provincial government declared "hundreds" there on 30 November 1860. The town grew as a service-centre for the agricultural/pastoral hinterland between theKakanui Mountains and theWaitaki River, and rapidly became a major port. A boost was given by public works, including harbour development, and an export trade in wool and grain from the 1860s. Following the loss of a number of vessels off the coast, construction of a breakwater designed by engineer John McGregor started in 1871. The building of this breakwater was influential in the development ofnew forms of crane.[14]
For many years there was a commercial and fishing harbour underCape Wanbrow at Friendly Bay. With the development of pastoralism and the associated frozen-meat industry having its historical origins in New Zealand just south of the town at Totara, Oamaru flourished. Institutions such as the Athenaeum, Chief Post Office andWaitaki Boys' andWaitaki Girls' High Schools sprang up. The locally plentiful limestone (Oamaru stone) lent itself to carving and good designers, such as John Lemon (1828–1890), Thomas Forrester (1838–1907) and his son J.M. Forrester (1865–1965), and craftsmen utilised it. By the time of thedepression of the 1880s Oamaru was home to an impressive array of buildings and the "best built and most mortgaged town in Australasia".[15]
A major factor in the near bankruptcy of the town was the construction of the Oamaru Borough Water Race,[16][clarification needed] anaqueduct completed after three years' work in 1880. This major engineering feat replaced the previous poor water supply, (obtained from the local creek running through the town) with abundant pure water (and energy for industrial machinery driven bywater motors) from the Waitaki river and conducted water in an open channel for almost 50 km through hilly farmland from Kurow to the Oamaru reservoir at Ardgowan, until it was decommissioned and abandoned in 1983. Today much of the former infrastructure is still intact and can still be traced.
The district went "dry" in 1906, and stayed that way until 1960 – the last South Island district to resume alcohol sales.
Development slowed apart from a few years in the 1920s, and in the 1950s, but the population continued to grow until the 1970s. With the closure of the port the local economy began to stall, and New Zealand then went through radical economic restructuring in the mid 1980s – known as "Rogernomics". North Otago was then hit by two droughts from 1988 to 1989 and again from 1997 to 1999. Oamaru found itself hard hit. In response it started to re-invent itself, becoming one of the first New Zealand towns to realise that its built heritage was an asset.
A public art museum, theForrester Gallery (whose first curator in 1882 was Thomas Forrester), opened in 1983 inR.A. Lawson's neo-classicalBank of New South Wales building. Restoration of other buildings also took place. The Oamaru Whitestone Civic Trust was formed in 1987 with a vision of redeveloping the original commercial and business district of Oamaru's Harbour and Tyne Streets, and work began on restoring the historic precinct beside the port, perhaps the most atmospheric urban area in New Zealand. By the early 21st century, "heritage" had become a conspicuous industry and today[update], the number of buildings owned by the Oamaru Whitestone Civic Trust had grown from the original eight to 17.[17]
TheKöppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies the climate of Oamaru asoceanic (Cfb).[18]
| Climate data for Oamaru (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1966–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 33.8 (92.8) | 37.4 (99.3) | 32.0 (89.6) | 27.5 (81.5) | 25.8 (78.4) | 21.2 (70.2) | 20.2 (68.4) | 23.2 (73.8) | 26.1 (79.0) | 29.6 (85.3) | 31.3 (88.3) | 33.6 (92.5) | 37.4 (99.3) |
| Mean maximum °C (°F) | 29.4 (84.9) | 28.5 (83.3) | 27.4 (81.3) | 23.5 (74.3) | 21.0 (69.8) | 17.9 (64.2) | 17.8 (64.0) | 19.4 (66.9) | 22.3 (72.1) | 24.7 (76.5) | 26.9 (80.4) | 27.4 (81.3) | 31.2 (88.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.7 (67.5) | 19.3 (66.7) | 18.4 (65.1) | 16.1 (61.0) | 13.9 (57.0) | 11.6 (52.9) | 11.0 (51.8) | 11.6 (52.9) | 13.7 (56.7) | 15.4 (59.7) | 16.8 (62.2) | 18.2 (64.8) | 15.5 (59.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 15.2 (59.4) | 15.0 (59.0) | 13.8 (56.8) | 11.5 (52.7) | 9.3 (48.7) | 7.2 (45.0) | 6.5 (43.7) | 7.4 (45.3) | 9.2 (48.6) | 10.7 (51.3) | 12.1 (53.8) | 13.9 (57.0) | 11.0 (51.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 10.7 (51.3) | 10.6 (51.1) | 9.1 (48.4) | 6.9 (44.4) | 4.8 (40.6) | 2.7 (36.9) | 2.0 (35.6) | 3.1 (37.6) | 4.7 (40.5) | 6.0 (42.8) | 7.5 (45.5) | 9.6 (49.3) | 6.5 (43.7) |
| Mean minimum °C (°F) | 5.3 (41.5) | 5.6 (42.1) | 3.8 (38.8) | 1.9 (35.4) | 0.1 (32.2) | −1.4 (29.5) | −2.0 (28.4) | −1.1 (30.0) | −0.4 (31.3) | 0.8 (33.4) | 2.2 (36.0) | 4.5 (40.1) | −2.3 (27.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 0.6 (33.1) | 1.1 (34.0) | 0.6 (33.1) | −1.1 (30.0) | −4.2 (24.4) | −4.4 (24.1) | −5.4 (22.3) | −5.6 (21.9) | −1.6 (29.1) | −2.0 (28.4) | 0.2 (32.4) | 0.7 (33.3) | −5.6 (21.9) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 50.2 (1.98) | 51.5 (2.03) | 43.2 (1.70) | 68.5 (2.70) | 73.4 (2.89) | 43.6 (1.72) | 59.2 (2.33) | 46.0 (1.81) | 30.3 (1.19) | 55.5 (2.19) | 58.5 (2.30) | 58.7 (2.31) | 638.6 (25.15) |
| Source: NIWA[19][20] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Oamaru Airport (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1967–1985, 1999–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 33.4 (92.1) | 37.7 (99.9) | 30.5 (86.9) | 26.9 (80.4) | 26.1 (79.0) | 22.7 (72.9) | 20.0 (68.0) | 22.6 (72.7) | 26.4 (79.5) | 30.4 (86.7) | 30.9 (87.6) | 31.9 (89.4) | 37.7 (99.9) |
| Mean maximum °C (°F) | 29.0 (84.2) | 27.8 (82.0) | 26.2 (79.2) | 23.3 (73.9) | 20.5 (68.9) | 18.0 (64.4) | 17.2 (63.0) | 18.7 (65.7) | 21.8 (71.2) | 24.0 (75.2) | 26.1 (79.0) | 27.4 (81.3) | 30.9 (87.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 19.5 (67.1) | 19.2 (66.6) | 18.1 (64.6) | 15.6 (60.1) | 13.3 (55.9) | 11.1 (52.0) | 10.5 (50.9) | 11.5 (52.7) | 13.7 (56.7) | 15.2 (59.4) | 16.6 (61.9) | 18.3 (64.9) | 15.2 (59.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 15.1 (59.2) | 14.9 (58.8) | 13.5 (56.3) | 10.9 (51.6) | 8.5 (47.3) | 6.2 (43.2) | 5.5 (41.9) | 6.6 (43.9) | 8.6 (47.5) | 10.2 (50.4) | 11.9 (53.4) | 14.0 (57.2) | 10.5 (50.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 10.7 (51.3) | 10.5 (50.9) | 8.9 (48.0) | 6.2 (43.2) | 3.7 (38.7) | 1.3 (34.3) | 0.4 (32.7) | 1.7 (35.1) | 3.4 (38.1) | 5.3 (41.5) | 7.2 (45.0) | 9.6 (49.3) | 5.7 (42.3) |
| Mean minimum °C (°F) | 4.9 (40.8) | 5.0 (41.0) | 3.1 (37.6) | 0.9 (33.6) | −1.4 (29.5) | −3.1 (26.4) | −4.0 (24.8) | −3.0 (26.6) | −2.0 (28.4) | 0.1 (32.2) | 1.6 (34.9) | 4.5 (40.1) | −4.3 (24.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 1.8 (35.2) | 2.4 (36.3) | 0.8 (33.4) | −1.6 (29.1) | −4.0 (24.8) | −5.7 (21.7) | −6.3 (20.7) | −4.8 (23.4) | −5.0 (23.0) | −2.4 (27.7) | −0.8 (30.6) | 1.1 (34.0) | −6.3 (20.7) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 50.4 (1.98) | 47.6 (1.87) | 39.7 (1.56) | 44.0 (1.73) | 44.6 (1.76) | 42.8 (1.69) | 42.3 (1.67) | 45.8 (1.80) | 31.5 (1.24) | 39.5 (1.56) | 47.7 (1.88) | 53.3 (2.10) | 529.2 (20.84) |
| Source: NIWA[21] | |||||||||||||
Oamaru is described by Statistics New Zealand as a medium urban area, which covers 20.21 km2 (7.80 sq mi)[2] and had an estimated population of 14,300 as of June 2025,[3] with a population density of 708 people per km2.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 12,030 | — |
| 2013 | 12,306 | +0.32% |
| 2018 | 13,107 | +1.27% |
| Source:[22] | ||
Before the 2023 census, Oamaru had a larger boundary, covering 21.46 km2 (8.29 sq mi).[2] Using that boundary, Oamaru had a population of 13,107 at the2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 801 people (6.5%) since the2013 census, and an increase of 1,077 people (9.0%) since the2006 census. There were 5,463 households, comprising 6,267 males and 6,840 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.92 males per female, with 2,328 people (17.8%) aged under 15 years, 2,016 (15.4%) aged 15 to 29, 5,439 (41.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 3,324 (25.4%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 86.9% European/Pākehā, 8.1%Māori, 6.0%Pasifika, 4.7%Asian, and 1.6% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 15.7, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 45.4% had no religion, 43.6% wereChristian, 0.2% hadMāori religious beliefs, 0.6% wereHindu, 0.4% wereMuslim, 0.4% wereBuddhist and 1.6% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 1,242 (11.5%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 3,021 (28.0%) people had no formal qualifications. 1,017 people (9.4%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 4,668 (43.3%) people were employed full-time, 1,545 (14.3%) were part-time, and 312 (2.9%) were unemployed.[22]
| Name | Area (km2) | Population | Density (per km2) | Households | Median age | Median income |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glen Warren | 1.80 | 1,632 | 907 | 675 | 46.0 years | $24,500[23] |
| Holmes Hill | 2.62 | 1,332 | 508 | 603 | 54.1 years | $26,700[24] |
| Oamaru Central | 0.96 | 294 | 306 | 132 | 59.4 years | $21,500[25] |
| Oamaru Gardens | 1.42 | 1,179 | 830 | 522 | 47.3 years | $27,900[26] |
| Oamaru North Milner Park | 7.13 | 2,529 | 355 | 981 | 48.0 years | $24,400[27] |
| Oamaru North Orana Park | 2.76 | 2,907 | 1,053 | 1,158 | 42.3 years | $26,000[28] |
| South Hill | 1.45 | 2,184 | 1,506 | 981 | 46.1 years | $28,000[29] |
| Weston | 3.31 | 1,050 | 317 | 411 | 46.0 years | $34,900[30] |
| New Zealand | 37.4 years | $31,800 |
Themayor of Waitaki District is Melanie Tavendale
Oamaru is part of the parliamentary electorate ofWaitaki, and since 2023 has been represented byMiles Anderson of theNew Zealand National Party.
The beautifulOamaru Opera House on Thames Street, officially opened on 7 October 1907,[31] is home to much of Oamaru's live entertainment and performances. It was restored in 2009. The refurbishment won the Public Architecture category of the 2010 Southern Architecture Awards and the 2011 NZIA Heritage award for Heritage Conservation. Oamaru Opera House is one of the most significant heritage sites in Oamaru, important to the town and nationally to New Zealand.[32]
The Waitaki District Library has branches situated in Oamaru, Palmerston, Kurow, Hampden, Omarama, and Otematata (forming the Waitaki District Libraries syndicate).[33]
Oamaru Public Library began life as the Oamaru Athenaeum and Mechanics Institute in 1878, but by 1973, library services had outgrown the building. A new library building was proposed, situated next-door to the 'old' Athenaeum library, and the new library was officially opened by the Mayor, Mr R.D. Allen on 19 September 1975.
Oamaru Repertory Theatre[34] is located on Itchen Street and is the home of Oamaru's live theatre productions.
Oamaru has a comprehensive range of community sporting facilities for rugby, tennis, swimming, netball, cricket, golf, hockey, and bowls. Centennial Park is Oamaru's major sporting venue, and is the home ofNorth Otago Rugby Football Union andNorth Otago Cricket. The council also owns and operates the Oamaru Aquatic Centre.
Many of the early works ofJanet Frame, who grew up in the town, reflect Oamaru conditions and Oamaruvians. Other literary associations include those withOwen Marshall,Greg McGee andFiona Farrell Poole.
Other notable people born and educated in Oamaru includeDes Wilson, founder of the UK homelessness charity,Shelter; AustralianPrime MinisterChris Watson; New Zealand politiciansArnold Nordmeyer andWilliam Steward;CardinalThomas Stafford Williams; SirMalcolm Grant, former president and Provost ofUniversity College London and subsequently Chairman ofNHS England and Chancellor of theUniversity of York; and notably formerAll Blacksrugby union captainRichie McCaw.
Fred Allen, an All Black of the 1940s who went on to coach the All Blacks to 14 wins from his 14 tests in the 1960s, was born in Oamaru, though not educated there. Another notable sports person isGary Robertson, who won gold at the 1972 Olympic Games, Munich, Germany in the NZ Rowing 8. Robertson is the only Olympic gold medalist from Waitaki. He was born in Waimate but grew up in Oamaru and was educated at Waitaki Boys High School.
The world first learned of the death ofRobert Scott and the members of his team on their return from the ill-fatedexpedition to the South Pole by way of a cable sent from Oamaru, on 10 February 1913.
From 1906 to 1944Frank Milner (1875–1944) was the headteacher atWaitaki Boys' High School.
Notable students includeCharles Brasch (1909–1973) at Waitaki (1923–1926), a poet and patron of artists;Douglas Lilburn (1915–2001), "the elder statesman of New Zealand music";James Bertram (1910–1993), writer and academic;Denis Blundell, a futureGovernor-General of New Zealand; andIan Milner (1911–1991), the Rector's son, a Czech and English scholar falsely accused of spying for Communism. His father, known as "The Man", died suddenly on 2 December 1944 while speaking at the opening of a stone gateway to Milner Park, Oamaru.
E.A. Gifford (1819–1894), an artist andRoyal Academician, lived in Oamaru from 1877 to 1885 and from 1892 until his death. A genre, portrait and landscape painter he established a national reputation. HisAuckland from the Wharf of 1887 is probably the best-known image of 19th-century Auckland.
Emily Gillies, a 19th-century Oamaru artist, was the daughter of C.H. Street, maternal niece ofEdward Lear (1812–1888), the English watercolourist and writer of humorous verse. Lear's sister had virtually brought her brother up. When he died childless before her she inherited his collection. The internationally-significant group of works came to North Otago, where it remained intact until the early 1970s.
The artistColin McCahon (1919–1987) lived in Oamaru from 1930 to 1931, attending the Middle School. The place and the North Otago landscape made an impression on him. He revisited the area several times as an adult on painting trips. CartoonistJohn Kent, who authored theVaroomshkacomic strip forThe Guardian newspaper in England, hailed from Oamaru.
A community of living artists exists[update], and many dealer galleries have premises in the historic precinct. One of the town's principal living artists,Donna Demente, produces portraits and masks. At least partly through her work Oamaru hosts an annual mask festival each July, the "Midwinter Masquerade". Another annual celebration, a Victorian Heritage fête, takes place in November.
Other noted former Oamaruvians include broadcasterJim Mora and hockey playerScott Anderson.David Sewell played one test match for the New Zealand cricket team.
Video game designerDean Hall grew up in Oamaru and attended Waitaki Boys' High School.[35] His interest in mountaineering was fostered while on a geography field trip while studying there, ultimately culminating in him summitingMount Everest in May 2013.[36]
Oamaru contains over 70 buildings registered as Category 1 or 2 Historic Places in theHeritage New Zealand register.[37]
Many public buildings use as their construction material the local limestone (quarried especially near Weston) known asOamaru stone. The Victorian precinct in the southern part of Oamaru's main commercial district ranks as one of New Zealand's most impressive streetscapes[38][39] due to the many prominent 19th century buildings constructed from this material. Several key historic buildings in the area centred around Harbour Street and the lower Thames Street, Itchen Street, and Tyne Street area have been preserved by the Oamaru Whitestone Civic Trust[40] as part of a historic precinct. The greatpalladianSt Patrick's Basilica is also a fine example in white Oamaru stone.
TheVictorian theme has been embraced by local shops and galleries in this part of Oamaru in terms of shop fittings and décor. Further enhancing the "olden days" feel of the precinct are several arts and crafts shops, a transportation museum, an antique furniture shop, and traditional businesses such as book shops, antique clothing shops, and a book binder.[41] Many of the buildings in this area close to the harbour used to serve as commercial warehouses and stores and now provide large spaces for galleries such as the Forrester Gallery, the Grainstore Gallery,[42]The Libratory, andSteampunk HQ. Even the playgrounds in the harbour area continue the Victorian/industrial steam theme with a giantpenny-farthing structure supporting the swings, and severalsteampunk-styled playground features.[43]
In August 2016 Oamaru made it into theGuinness Book of World Records for the largest gathering of steampunks in the world: a term that was coined in the 1980s and is based on imagining inventions the Victorians might have created for the modern world.[44]
The main retail, services and commercial areas line Thames Street, Severn Street and State Highway 1 running through the town, whereas the historic grand commercial buildings dominate the area around lower Thames, Tees, and Tyne Streets.
A colony oflittle blue penguins lives in a disused quarry on the harbour not far from the historic precinct. The penguins established themselves in the early 1990s, once the rock quarry had been closed in the 1970s, and in 1992 a group of volunteers started to help make the area suitable as a breeding habitat for the penguins and provide guided tours. Apart from the success of the penguin colony, their efforts were rewarded with the colony receiving the Otago Regional Council's Environmental Award in 1995.[45] During the early 2000s, a visitors' centre and two grandstands were completed, and today the Oamaru Blue Penguin Colony is Oamaru's largest tourist attraction, receiving over 75,000 visitors annually. It is owned by the Waitaki District Council and carefully managed by the Waitaki Development Board, including monitoring and comparing of behaviour and numbers with a similar penguin colony nearby which is not open to visitors.[46]
A steam train operated by theOamaru Steam and Rail Restoration Society runs between a small railway station in the historic precinct and a terminus at the harbour close to the little blue penguin colony on Sundays and during school holidays.[47]
Further south just outside the town, a colony ofyellow-eyed penguins at Bushy Beach also attractsecotourists. Penguins sometimes live under buildings close to the beach, including the town's music club,The Penguin Club.
The North Otago Tree Planting Association, inaugurated by local Oamaru G.P. Dr. Eric Strawson Stubbs and North Otago farmer Mr. Syd Hurst in 1937, was a forerunner of the New Zealand Farm Forestry Association.
The historic Totara Estate is located 8 km south of Oamaru.[48]Heritage New Zealand restored and opened these buildings to the public on 15 February 1982, exactly 100 years after theDunedin's historic sailing, which began the New Zealand frozen meat industry. By 1902 frozen meat made up 20% of all New Zealand exports.[49]
Tourism Waitaki is the official tourism body for the whole of Waitaki District.[50]
TheOamaru Mail is a weekly newspaper published every Friday by Allied Press Ltd. It has a team of reporters, who also write for theOtago Daily Times, based in Oamaru. It has served the people of the Waitaki region since 1876.The Oamaru Telegram is published every Tuesday and is produced, printed and published in Oamaru.
The town is within the coverage area ofRadio Dunedin and within the circulation area of theOtago Daily Times, based in Dunedin. Oamaru has its owncommunity television station, "45 South Television", which transmits from Cape Wanbrow on UHF Digital channel 34, and an independent classic rock radio stationReal Classic Rock, which has studios based in Thames Street, and transmits from Cape Wanbrow. Oamaru also has a radio station called Oamaru FM 91.2 that also broadcasts from Cape Wanbrow.
From 1980 onwards, Oamaru was served by localRadio New Zealand stationRadio Waitaki, until it was rebranded as The Hits in 2014.Port FM in Timaru also formerly broadcast local station Whitestone FM, before it reverted to the Port FM network, later becoming aMore FM station.
Oamaru is onState Highway 1 (SH1), the main road route down the eastern coast of the South Island. There are regular coach and minibus services toChristchurch,Dunedin, and theMackenzie Country, leaving from Eden Street outside the Lagonda Tearooms, which provides booking facilities and other travel services.
Oamaru is the end point of theAlps to Ocean Cycle Trail fromAoraki / Mount Cook, a cycle trail constructed following approval in 2010 by theNew Zealand Cycle Trail project. The trail terminates at Friendly Bay, adjacent to Oamaru's Victorian Historic Precinct.
Oamaru Airport is 20 kilometres (12 mi) north of the town at Pukeuri. AfterAir New Zealand Link ceased operations in 2010, scheduled flights between Oamaru and Christchurch resumed in 2014 withMainland Air. However they were terminated after a few months.[51]
The main south line of theSouth Island Main Trunk Railway leads through Oamaru. A short side track connects Oamaru's historic precinct and a disused quarry at the harbour, with a tourist steam train running on Sundays. The 1900 railway station has been listedNZHPT Category II since 1983.[52] It is astandard class B station, of weatherboard and corrugated iron.[53]
There are three secondary schools in Oamaru, each catering for students in years 9 to 13.Waitaki Boys' High School is a secondary school for boys located in the northern part of Oamaru,[54] with day and boarding facilities. It was founded in 1883,[55] and has a roll of 429 students.Waitaki Girls' High School is a state high school for girls.[56] It was founded in 1887,[57] and has a roll of 400. It also has a boarding hostel which houses approximately 50 girls, including international students and tutors.[58]St Kevin's College, Oamaru is a coeducational state-integrated Catholic day and boarding high school[59] with a roll of 467. The school was founded in 1927.[60]
St Joseph's School was established by the Dominican Sisters and the Christian Brothers. It is the only Catholic primary school in North Otago.[61] It has a roll of 140 and it caters for students up to year 8.[62] There are no longer any Sisters or Brothers on the staff and the school is run and managed by lay people.
Oamaru Intermediate provides education for years 7 and 8.[63] It has a roll of 310.The other state primary schools in Oamaru, which cater for students up to year 6, are Fenwick School, with a roll of 285,[64] Pembroke School, with a roll of 241,[65] and Te Pākihi O Maru (previously called Oamaru North School), with a roll of 132.[66]
Schools in surrounding areas include Weston School, Ardgowan School, Totara School and Five Forks School.
Rolls are as of July 2025.[67]
Janet Frame fictionalised the Oamaru of her childhood as "Waimaru", her 'kingdom by the sea'. Some ofFiona Farrell's literary works also feature Oamaru.Peter F. Hamilton's novelThe Dreaming Void (London: Macmillan, 2007;ISBN 978-1-4050-8880-0) refers to "the backwater External World of Oamaru" (page 22). The same author's science-fiction novelGreat North Road mentions a remote camp called Oamaru, set up in the unexplored remote continent of Brogal on theSirius-system planet St Libra in the year 2143.[68]
Parts of Oamaru's Victorian precinct were used for the set of the Netflix filmsThe Royal Treatment[69] andThe Power of the Dog.[70] and in January 2025, the Netflix TV seriesEast of Eden.[71]
...Oamaru is Or-ah-ma-roo (not Om-ah-roo)...
Oamaru - oh-ar-ma-roo
Wukang was the first of the three projected forward camps, arranged almost like compass points, north-west, due north, and north-east from Sarvar, which was now being relegated to supply-base status. Varese, the camp due north, was already having its landing strip bulldozed; while Oamaru, away to the east, had just received its first successful Berlin landing yesterday. No more forward camps were scheduled — this was as far as the expedition was going to venture, as far as the budget would take them.
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