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Nyanzapithecus

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Extinct species of mammal

Nyanzapithecus Temporal range:Middle Miocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓

Skull ofN. pickfordi
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Suborder:	Haplorhini
Family:	†Dendropithecidae
Subfamily:	†Nyanzapithecinae
Genus:	†Nyanzapithecus Harrison 1986
Type species
Nyanzapithecus pickfordi Harrison 1986
Other species
†N. vancouveringorum(Andrews, 1974) †N. harrisoniKunimatsu, 1997 †N. alesiNengoet al., 2017

Nyanzapithecus is an extinct genus of primate from the Middle Miocene ofMaboko Island,Nyanza Province,Kenya.^[1] This genus is known from four species.^[2]^[3] It had an average body mass of around 10 kg (22 lb).^[1]^[4]

Taxonomy

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Fifteen cranio-dental specimens of this species were collected from the island between the years 1933-73.^[5]

During an expedition to Maboko Island in 1982–83, paleoanthropologistMartin Pickford recovered more than a hundred smallcatarrhine fossils. Among them,Harrison 1986 described the new genus and speciesNyanzapithecus pickfordi, characterized by several dental specializations, and also transferred theRangwapithecus speciesR. vancouveringi to the genus renaming itN. vancouveringorum.Nyanzapithecus was considered closely related toRangwapithecus andMabokopithecus based on dental similarities, and an early relative ofOreopithecus bambolii.Nyanzapithecus was originally included inOreopithecidae before being transferred to Proconsulidae.Kunimatsu 1997 described a new species,N. harrisoni, from Nachola, Kenya.^[6]

Benefit et al. 1998 consideredMabokopithecus clarkicongeneric and evenconspecific withN. pickfordi and thus renamed the latterMabokopithecus pickfordi/clarki and Kunimatsu's speciesM. harrisoni.^[7]

Dental morphology

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Nyanzapithecus pickfordi has a dental formula of 2:1:2:3 on both the upper and lower jaw. The upper premolars were long and had buccal and lingual cusps which resembled each other in size the lower molars had deep notches. Based upon dental morphology this was a folivorous species.^[1]^[4]

Notes

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Wikispecies has information related toNyanzapithecus pickfordi.

^^a ^b ^cFleagle 1988
^Kunimatsu 1997.
^Nengo, I.; Tafforeau, P.; Gilbert, C. C.; Fleagle, J. G.; Miller, E. R.; Feibel, C.; Fox, D. L.; Feinberg, J.; Pugh, K. D.; Berruyer, C.; Mana, S.; Engle, Z.; Spoor, F. (2017-08-09)."New infant cranium from the African Miocene sheds light on ape evolution".Nature.548 (7666):169–174.ISSN 1476-4687.
^^a ^b"Nyanzapithecus pickfordi". The Primata. Archived from the original on March 10, 2012.
^Harrison 1986
^Harrison 2002, p. 313
^Tuttle 2006, pp. 23–4

References

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Benefit, BR; Gitau, SN; McCrossin, ML; Palmer, AK (1998). "A mandible ofMabokopithecus clarki sheds new light on oreopithecid evolution".American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 26 (Suppl) (S26): 109.doi:10.1002/(SICI)1096-8644(1998)26+<100::AID-AJPA8>3.0.CO;2-7.
Fleagle, JG (1988).Primate Adaptation and Evolution. New York: Academic Press.ISBN 9780122603402.
Harrison, T (1986)."New fossil anthropoids from the Middle Miocene of East Africa and their bearing on the origin of the Oreopithecidae"(PDF).American Journal of Physical Anthropology.71 (3):265–84.doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330710303.PMID 3101504.
Harrison, T (2002)."Late Oligocene to middle Miocene catarrhines from Afro-Arabia"(PDF). InHartwig, W (ed.).The Primate Fossil Record. Cambridge University Press.ISBN 978-0-521-66315-1.
Kunimatsu, Y (1997)."New species of Nyanzapithecus from Nachola, northern Kenya".Anthropological Science.105 (2):117–41.doi:10.1537/ase.105.117.ISSN 0918-7960.
Tuttle, R (2006)."Seven Decades of East African Miocene Anthropoid Studies". In Ishida, H; Tuttle, R; Pickford, M; Ogihara, N; Nakatsukasa, M (eds.).Human origins and environmental backgrounds. Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects. Springer. p. 23.ISBN 978-0-387-29638-8.

Haplorhini

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Mammalia
Order:Primates

Haplorhini

†"Omomyidae"

Altanius? Altiatlasius? Bownomomys Kohatius
Microchoerinae	Indusomys Melaneremia Microchoerus Nannopithex Necrolemur Paraloris Pseudoloris Quercyloris Vectipithex
"Anaptomorphinae"	Absarokius Anaptomorphus Anemorhysis Arapahovius Aycrossia Chlororhysis Gazinius Pseudotetonius Sphacorhysis Strigorhysis Tatmanius Teilhardina Tetonius Tetonoides Trogolemur Walshina
"Omomyinae"	Ageitodendron Asiomomys Brontomomys Chipetaia Chumashius Diablomomys Dyseolemur Ekwiiyemakius Gunnelltarsius Hemiacodon Jemezius Loveina Macrotarsius Nesomomys Omomys Ourayia Rooneyia Shoshonius Steinius Stockia Uintanius Utahia Washakius Wyomomys Yaquius
Tarkadectinae	Tarka Tarkadectes Tarkops

Tarsiiformes

†Archicebus †Afrotarsiidae? †"Omomyidae"?
Tarsiidae	Carlito Cephalopachus †Hesperotarsius †Oligotarsius Tarsius †Xanthorhysis?

Simiiformes

- see below↓

Simiiformes

†Afrotarsiidae?

Afrasia
Afrotarsius

†Eosimiidae

†Amphipithecidae

†Parapithecoidea

Arsinoea Biretia
Proteopithecidae	Proteopithecus Serapia
Parapithecidae	Abuqatrania Apidium Parapithecus Qatrania Ucayalipithecus

Platyrrhini

†Parvimico †Perupithecus †Szalatavus †Canaanimico †Branisella †Lagonimico
Aotidae	Aotus †Tremacebus
Pitheciidae	†Antillothrix Cacajao Callicebus †Carlocebus †Cebupithecia Cheracebus Chiropotes †Homunculus †Insulacebus †Mazzonicebus †Miocallicebus †Nuciruptor Pithecia Plecturocebus †Proteropithecia †Soriacebus †Xenothrix
Atelidae	Alouatta Ateles Brachyteles †Caipora †Cartelles †Chilecebus Lagothrix †Mohanamico Oreonax †Paralouatta †Protopithecus †Solimoea †Stirtonia
Cebidae	†Acrecebus Cebus †Dolichocebus †Killikaike †Panamacebus †Patasola Saimiri Sapajus
Callitrichidae	Callimico Callithrix Cebuella Leontocebus Leontopithecus Mico †Micodon Saguinus

Catarrhini	see below↓

Catarrhini

†Micropithecus
†Saadanius

†Oligopithecidae

†Propliopithecidae

†Pliopithecoidea

Krishnapithecus Paidopithex †Kapi
Pliopithecidae	Epipliopithecus Pliopithecus
Dionysopithecidae	Dionysopithecus Platodontopithecus
Crouzeliidae	Anapithecus Barberapithecus Crouzelia Egarapithecus Fanchangia Laccopithecus Plesiopliopithecus Pliobates

Cercopithecoidea

†Alophe

†Victoriapithecidae

Colobinae

Cercopithecinae

Cercopithecini	Allenopithecus Allochrocebus Cercopithecus Chlorocebus Erythrocebus Miopithecus †Nanopithecus
Papionini	Cercocebus †Dinopithecus †Gorgopithecus Lophocebus Macaca Mandrillus Papio †Paradolichopithecus †Parapapio †Pliopapio †Procercocebus †Procynocephalus Rungwecebus †Soromandrillus Theropithecus

Hominoidea	see below↓

Hominoidea

†Afropithecus †Ekembo †Equatorius †Griphopithecus †Kamoyapithecus? †Kenyapithecus †Morotopithecus †Nacholapithecus †Otavipithecus †Proconsul †Samburupithecus
†Dendropithecidae	Dendropithecus Micropithecus? Nyanzapithecus Oreopithecus? Rangwapithecus Rukwapithecus Simiolus Turkanapithecus
Hylobatidae	†Bunopithecus Hoolock Hylobates †Junzi Nomascus Symphalangus †Yuanmoupithecus

Hominidae

†Buronius †Graecopithecus †Nakalipithecus †Ouranopithecus
Ponginae	†Ankarapithecus †Gigantopithecus †Indopithecus †Khoratpithecus †Lufengpithecus †Meganthropus Pongo †Sivapithecus

Pan
Hominina	†Ardipithecus? †Australopithecus †Graecopithecus? Homo †Kenyanthropus †Orrorin? †Sahelanthropus? †Paranthropus

Taxon identifiers
Nyanzapithecus pickfordi	Wikidata:Q7070903 Wikispecies:Nyanzapithecus pickfordi GBIF:9553194 Paleobiology Database:385126
Nyanzapithecus	Wikidata:Q107564377 Wikispecies:Nyanzapithecus GBIF:4827079 IRMNG:1036007 Open Tree of Life:4941661 Paleobiology Database:133711

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