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| Novorossiya Governorate Новороссийская губерния | |
|---|---|
| Governorate of theRussian Empire | |
| 1764–1783 1796–1802 | |
 Coat of arms | |
 General-Governorate of New Russia in 1800 | |
| Capital | St Elizabeth Fort (1764–1765) Kremenchug (1765–1776) Yekaterinoslav (Novorossiysk) (1776–1783) |
| Demonym | New Russian |
| History | |
• Established | 22 March 1764 |
• First disestablishment | 26 March 1783 |
• Reestablished | 31 December 1796 |
• Disestablished | 1802 |
| Political subdivisions | provinces, uyezds |
| Today part of |  Ukraine |
Novorossiya Governorate[a] was an administrative-territorial unit (guberniya) of theRussian Empire, which existed in 1764–1783 and again in 1796–1802. It was created soon after the establishment of theUkrainian fortification line. The governorate was governed according to the "Plan for the Colonization of New Russia Governorate" issued by theRussian Senate.[1] It became the first region in Russia whereCatherine the Great allowed foreign Jews to settle.[1]
Most of its territories belonged to theZaporozhian Sich as well as thePoltava Regiment andMyrhorod Regiment of theCossack Hetmanate. Its establishment was strategically successful and advantageous for Russia, and after the conclusion of the Russian war against Turkey in 1774 it gave a way for Russia to access theBlack Sea and establish an area that became known asNovorossiya ("New Russia"). It was created based on theMilitary Frontier of theAustrian Empire against theOttoman Empire and involved many military units from the region that were resettled in Ukraine. The military units included mounted cossacks (orhussars) and mounted pikers (orlancers).
In 1796, the governorate was reestablished, but with the centre not inKremenchug but inYekaterinoslav, and in 1802 was split into three governorates: theYekaterinoslav Governorate, theTaurida Governorate, theNikolayev Governorate (known as the Kherson Governorate from 1803).
It was created on 2 April [O.S. 22 March] 1764 as a military district for the protection of the southern border of the empire and in preparation for the major military campaign of theRusso-Turkish War. The governorate united the territories ofNew Serbia,Slavo-Serbia, and the Slobidskyi regiment (today inKirovohrad Oblast) which were the northern regions of Buhohard Palatinate (Zaporizhian Sich). The governorate, centered in the fortress of Saint Elizabeth, initially was divided into three territories (polki) assigned to each regiment in the area: Elizabeth City Pikers Regiment, Black Hussars Regiment, and Yellow Hussars Regiment.
As of 22 June [O.S. 11 June] 1764 the governorate also included the so-calledUkrainian Line, a line of Russian built fortresses betweenDnieper andDonets) that was administrated by the Dnieper and Donets Pikers regiments (based on the Habsburg'sPandurs, the cossacks of Poltava, theMyrhorod regiments), theSlavo-Serbia with Luhansk Pikers Regiment, and the Raiko Preradovic and Ivan Sevic Hussars regiments (soon the later two were united into the Bakhmut Hussars Regiment) as well as the Samara Hussar Regiment (originally the Moldavian Hussars Regiment based in Kiev).
The first capital of the governorate was the city ofKremenchug (1765) with the fortress of Saint Elizabeth (todayKropyvnytskyi) serving that administrative function previously (1764).
In 1769–70 during the1768–74 Russian-Ottoman War there was an uprising among the Dnieper and Donets Pikers regiments.[2] The unrest started on territory of today'sPoltava Oblast and eventually spread across the lands of theZaporizhian Host.[2] It was mercilessly put down by Russian Imperial forces and its instigators were punished byknout or sent tokatorga.[2] The Donets Pikers Regiment eventually was forcefully sent to the war where it played a key role in forcingSyvash, taken of Perekop, Caffa (Feodosiya).[2]
In June 1775 theRussian Imperial Army razed the capital of theZaporizhian Sich, after which all its lands were annexed to the Novorossiysk Governorate. The following year,Bakhmut Province andYekaterinoslav Province were transferred to the newly establishedAzov Governorate.
The governorate was subdivided into 12 provinces (circuluses) and further into uyezdes (counties). The city of Yekaterinoslav (today –Novomoskovsk) was located in Azov Governorate. The city of Yekaterinoslav (today –Dnipro) was located in Novorossiya Governorate.
Following theliquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich, the territory of the Novorossiya Governorate expanded trifold, spanning from the rivers Bug (todaySouthern Bug) toDnieper all the way to theDnieper-Bug Estuary, including theKinburn peninsula.
List of provinces (circuluses):
On 31 December 1796,Paul I reestablished the Novorossiya Governorate, mostly with land from the formerYekaterinoslav Viceroyalty. In 1802, this province was divided into theNikolayev Governorate (known as the Kherson Governorate from 1803), theYekaterinoslav Governorate, and theTaurida Oblast.
A Decree of 12 December 1796 set up a serf system on the territory of South Ukraine and Caucasus by attaching peasants to the land.
The Novorossiysk and Bessarabian General Governorate was formed on May 23, 1822, with the center in Odessa. It consisted of the Kherson, Yekaterinoslav and Tauride provinces, as well as the Odessa, Taganrog, Feodosiya and Kerch-Yenikalsky city administrations. Nevertheless, Duke Richelieu, who was appointed to this position in 1805, was still considered the governor of the Novorossiysk Territory.
The Governate was abolished in 1873.
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