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All 584 seats in theReichstag 293 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Registered | 44,374,085 ( 0.4%) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Turnout | 80.6% ( 3.5pp) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| This article is part of a series on the |
| Politics of Germany |
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Head of state |
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Federal elections were held inGermany on 6 November 1932.[1] TheNazi Party saw its vote share fall by four percentage points, while there were slight increases for theCommunist Party of Germany and the national conservativeGerman National People's Party. The results were a great disappointment for the Nazis, who lost 34 seats and again failed to form a coalition government in theReichstag. These elections were the last that were free and fair before the Nazis seized power the following year, although another relatively contested election would be held four months later.
TheNazi Party andCommunist Party (KPD) held over half of the seats in the Reichstag after theJuly 1932 election. This made it impossible to form a government composed of moderates. ChancellorFranz von Papen could only rely on the support of theGerman National People's Party (DNVP) andGerman People's Party (DVP), who only held a total of 44 seats. A vote of no confidence was put forward by the KPD and supported by 84% of the deputies. A new election was scheduled for November.[2]
Over 6 million people were unemployed in 1932, and 40% of organized labour was unemployed or working reduced hours in summer 1932.[2]
This was the first time since1928 that voter turnout decreased.[3]
The KPD regained its plurality of the popular vote in Berlin from the 1930 election, which was interrupted by the Nazis in the July election.[4]
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | Votes | % | +/– | Seats | +/– | |
| Nazi Party | 11,737,021 | 33.09 | −4.18 | 196 | −34 | |
| Social Democratic Party | 7,247,901 | 20.43 | −1.15 | 121 | −12 | |
| Communist Party of Germany | 5,980,239 | 16.86 | +2.54 | 100 | +11 | |
| Centre Party | 4,230,545 | 11.93 | −0.51 | 70 | −5 | |
| German National People's Party | 2,959,053 | 8.34 | +2.43 | 51 | +14 | |
| Bavarian People's Party | 1,094,597 | 3.09 | −0.14 | 20 | −2 | |
| German People's Party | 660,889 | 1.86 | +0.68 | 11 | +4 | |
| Christian Social People's Service | 403,666 | 1.14 | +0.15 | 5 | +2 | |
| German State Party | 336,447 | 0.95 | −0.06 | 2 | −2 | |
| German Farmers' Party | 149,026 | 0.42 | +0.05 | 3 | +1 | |
| Reich Party of the German Middle Class | 110,309 | 0.31 | −0.09 | 1 | −1 | |
| Agricultural League | 105,220 | 0.30 | +0.04 | 2 | 0 | |
| German-Hanoverian Party | 63,966 | 0.18 | +0.05 | 1 | +1 | |
| Radical Middle Class | 60,246 | 0.17 | +0.15 | 0 | 0 | |
| Thuringian Agricultural League | 60,062 | 0.17 | New | 1 | New | |
| Christian-National Peasants' and Farmers' Party | 46,382 | 0.13 | −0.12 | 0 | −1 | |
| Reich Party for Civil Rights and Deflation | 46,202 | 0.13 | +0.02 | 0 | −1 | |
| Socialist Workers' Party of Germany | 45,201 | 0.13 | −0.07 | 0 | 0 | |
| Poland List | 32,988 | 0.09 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
| For Hindenburg and Papen | 27,752 | 0.08 | New | 0 | New | |
| Kleinrentner, Inflationsgeschädigte und Vorkriegsgeldbesitzer | 15,727 | 0.04 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
| Free Economy Party of Germany | 11,002 | 0.03 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
| Schicksalsgemeinschaft deutscher Erwerbslosen, Kleinhandel und Gewerbe | 9,250 | 0.03 | New | 0 | New | |
| Social Republican Party of Germany | 8,395 | 0.02 | New | 0 | New | |
| Handwerker, Handels- und Gewerbetreibende | 5,189 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
| Radical Democratic Party | 3,789 | 0.01 | New | 0 | New | |
| Workers' and Farmers' Struggle Community | 3,308 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
| National Social Party of the Middle Class | 3,052 | 0.01 | New | 0 | New | |
| Enteigneter Mittelstand | 2,737 | 0.01 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
| National Freedom Party of Germany | 1,810 | 0.01 | +0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
| Schleswig Home | 1,694 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
| Greater German People's Party (Schmalix List) | 1,311 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
| Interessengemeinschaft der Kleinrentner und Inflationsgeschädigten | 1,086 | 0.00 | –0.01 | 0 | 0 | |
| Nationalist Party | 588 | 0.00 | New | 0 | New | |
| People's Socialists | 518 | 0.00 | New | 0 | New | |
| Haus- und Landwirtepartei | 461 | 0.00 | New | 0 | New | |
| National Communist Party of Germany | 381 | 0.00 | New | 0 | New | |
| German Social Monarchist Party | 355 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
| German Reform Party | 352 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
| German Workers Party | 308 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
| Unitarianist Union of Germany | 290 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
| Greater German Middle Class Party for Middle Class Dictatorship | 286 | 0.00 | New | 0 | New | |
| Gerechtigkeits-Bewegung-Meißner | 280 | 0.00 | New | 0 | New | |
| German National Citizen Bloc | 192 | 0.00 | New | 0 | New | |
| Party for the Unemployed for Work and Bread | 140 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
| National German Catholic Reich Party | 137 | 0.00 | New | 0 | New | |
| German Socialist Struggle Movement | 101 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | |
| German Reich against Interest Rate Movement | 97 | 0.00 | New | 0 | New | |
| Freiheitsbewegung Schwarz-Weiß-Rot | 92 | 0.00 | New | 0 | New | |
| Middle Class Party | 85 | 0.00 | New | 0 | New | |
| Kampfbund der Lohn- und Gehaltsabgebauten | 63 | 0.00 | New | 0 | New | |
| Total | 35,470,788 | 100.00 | – | 584 | –24 | |
| Valid votes | 35,470,788 | 99.20 | ||||
| Invalid/blank votes | 287,471 | 0.80 | ||||
| Total votes | 35,758,259 | 100.00 | ||||
| Registered voters/turnout | 44,374,085 | 80.58 | ||||
| Source:Gonschior.de | ||||||
After the election, von Papen urged Hindenburg to continue torule by decree, while at the same time attempting to form a coalition with the Nazis. Negotiations failed and Papen was dismissed by Hindenburg, who replaced him with Defence ministerKurt von Schleicher.[5]
In the subsequent two months, Schleicher held talks with a faction of the Nazi Party led byGregor Strasser in an attempt at aQuerfront strategy, attempting to uniteStrasserists, the SPD, the Centre Party and the trade unions.[6] The plans failed when Hitler disempowered Strasser and approached Papen for coalition talks; it is disputed if Schleicher was actually serious about his proposal.[7] Since Schleicher's ineffective rule was growing increasingly unpopular among German elites, Papen convinced Hindenburg to dismiss him andappoint Hitler as Chancellor on 30 January 1933, with a cabinet composed of NSDAP and DNVP politicians; the new government lacked a majority in the Reichstag, soa snap election was called and scheduled for March by Hindenburg.
On 27 February,the Reichstag was set on fire allegedly by Dutchcouncil communistMarinus van der Lubbe: in response, theReichstag Fire Decree was enacted, suspending basic liberties and allowing the Nazis to conduct mass arrests of KPD members and freely engage in paramilitary violence against their opponents.[8]
The elections were the last free and fair all-German election before the Nazi seizure of power, since the subsequent vote in March saw massive suppression against opposition politicians, especially SPD and KPD ones. The next free national elections were not held until1949 inWest Germany and1990 inEast Germany. The next free all-German elections took place inDecember 1990, afterreunification two months earlier.
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