| Nova Vulgata | |
|---|---|
 Nova Vulgata 1986 edition | |
| Other names | Neo-Vulgate, New Latin Vulgate, New Vulgate |
| Language | Latin |
| Complete Bible published | 1979 (2nd revised edition in 1986) |
| Textual basis | Vulgate |
| Religious affiliation | Catholic Church |
| Website | Nova Vulgata- Bibliorum Sacrorum Editio (vatican.va) |
In principio creavit Deus caelum et terram. Terra autem erat inanis et vacua, et tenebrae super faciem abyssi, et spiritus Dei ferebatur super aquas. Dixitque Deus: “Fiat lux”. Et facta est lux. Sic enim dilexit Deus mundum, ut Filium suum unigenitum daret, ut omnis, qui credit in eum, non pereat, sed habeat vitam aeternam. | |
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TheNova Vulgata (complete title:Nova Vulgata Bibliorum Sacrorum Editio,transl. The New Vulgate Edition of the Holy Bible;abr.NV), also called theNeo-Vulgate, is theCatholic Church's officialLatin translation of the original-language texts of theCatholic canon of theBible published by theHoly See. It was completed in 1979, and waspromulgated the same year byJohn Paul II inScripturarum thesaurus. A second, revised edition was published in 1986. It is the official Latin text of the Bible of the Catholic Church. TheNova Vulgata is also called theNew Latin Vulgate[1] or theNew Vulgate.[2]
Before theNova Vulgata, theClementine Vulgate was the standard Bible of the Catholic Church.[3] The Clementine version continues to be employed in liturgical celebrations using thepre–Vatican II liturgical books, including the1961 Roman Breviary.
TheSecond Vatican Council inSacrosanctum Concilium mandated a revision of theLatin Psalter, to bring it in line with modern textual and linguistic studies while preserving or refining its Christian Latin style. In 1965,Pope Paul VI appointed a commission to revise the rest of the Vulgate following the same principles. The Commission published its work in eight annotated sections and invited criticism from Catholic scholars as the sections were published. TheLatin Psalter was published in 1969, the New Testament was completed by 1971, and the entireNova Vulgata was published as a single-volume edition for the first time in 1979.[4]
The foundational text of most of the Old Testament isthe critical edition commissioned byPope Pius X and produced by the monks of theBenedictine Abbey of St. Jerome.[4] The foundational text of the Books of Tobit and Judith is from manuscripts of theVetus Latina, rather than the Vulgate. The New Testament was based on the 1969 edition of theStuttgart Vulgate, and hence on theOxford Vulgate. All of these base texts were revised to accord with the modern critical editions in Greek, Hebrew, and Aramaic.[5] A number of changes were also made where modern scholars felt that Jerome had failed to grasp the meaning of the original languages, or had rendered it obscurely.[6]
The NV was first published in differentfascicles between 1969 and 1977.[7]
In 1979, after decades of preparation, theNova Vulgata was published, and was made the official Latin version of the Bible of the Catholic Church in theapostolic constitutionScripturarum thesaurus,promulgated byPope John Paul II on April 25, 1979.[8][9] TheNV was published the same year.[7]
A second edition, published in 1986, added a Preface to the reader,[6] an Introduction to the principles used in producing theNova Vulgata,[5] and an appendix containing three historical documents from theCouncil of Trent and theClementine Vulgate.[10]
In 2001, theCongregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments released the instructionLiturgiam authenticam. This text stated theNova Vulgata was "the point of reference as regards thedelineation of the canonical text". Concerning the translation ofliturgical texts, the instruction states:
Furthermore, in the preparation of these translations for liturgical use, theNova VulgataEditio, promulgated by the Apostolic See, is normally to be consulted as an auxiliary tool, in a manner described elsewhere in this Instruction, in order to maintain the tradition of interpretation that is proper to the Latin Liturgy. [...] [I]t is advantageous to be guided by theNova Vulgata wherever there is a need to choose, from among various possibilities [of translation], that one which is most suited for expressing the manner in which a text has traditionally been read and received within theLatin liturgical tradition.[11]
This recommendation is qualified, however: the instruction specifies that translations should not be made from theNova Vulgata only, but rather "must be made directly from the original texts, namely the Latin, as regards thetexts of ecclesiastical composition, or the Hebrew, Aramaic, or Greek, as the case may be, as regards the texts ofSacred Scripture". The instruction does not recommend translation of the Bible, or of the liturgy, based solely upon the LatinNova Vulgata; theNV must instead simply be used as an "auxiliary tool".[12]
When translating theTetragrammaton,Liturgiam authenticam says that "[i]n accordance with immemorial tradition, which indeed is already evident in the above-mentionedSeptuagint version, the name of almighty God expressed by the Hebrew tetragrammaton and rendered inLatin by the wordDominus, is to be rendered into any given vernacular by a word equivalent in meaning."[13]
Most of the approximately 2,000 changes made by theNova Vulgata to theStuttgart Vulgate text of Jerome's version of the Gospels are minor and stylistic in nature.[14][15]
In addition, in theNew Testament theNova Vulgata introduced corrections to align the Latin with the Greek text in order to represent Jerome's text, as well as its Greek base, accurately. This alignment had not been achieved earlier, either in theedition of 1590 or in the1592 edition of the Vulgate.[15]
TheNV contains only theBiblical canon of the Catholic Church, and not otherpseudepigraphical books "often associated with the Vulgate tradition."[7]
William Griffin used theNova Vulgata for his Latin-to-English translation of the Books ofTobit,Judith,1 and2 Maccabees,Baruch,Wisdom,Sirach, and theadditions to Esther andto Daniel for the Catholic/Ecumenical Edition ofThe Message Bible.[1]
TheNova Vulgata provides the Latin text ofKurt andBarbara Aland's bilingualNovum Testamentum Graece et Latine;[14] the latter was first released in 1984.[16] Also, since the Alands' 1984 revision of theNovum Testamentum Latine, theNovum Testamentum Latine has also used theNova Vulgata as its reference text.[14]
Unlike the Clementine Vulgate, which was intended to be the version to which vernacular traditions adhered, the Nova Vulgata still serves only as a reference to translations.
Griffin said he used the Catholic-approved New Latin Vulgate as the basis for his translations. The Latin was no problem for him, he said, but finding English expressions that were both faithful to the Latin meaning and suitable for a contemporary audience was a challenge.
The standard Bible of the Roman Catholic Church until 1979 was the Clementine Vulgate, prepared for Pope Clement VIII in 1592.
There are approximately 2,000 differences between theNova Vulgata and the critical text of Jerome's revision of the Gospels in the Stuttgart Vulgate, most of which are very minor. Following the appearance of theNova Vulgata, Nestle'sNovum Testamentum Latine was revised by Kurt and Barbara Aland: the Clementine text was replaced with theNova Vulgata and anapparatus added showing differences from eleven other editions, including theStuttgart,Oxford,Sixtine, andClementine Vulgates; the first edition of 1984 was followed by a second edition in 1992. TheNova Vulgata is also the Latin text in the Alands' bilingual edition,Novum Testamentum Graece et Latine.
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