| XFT | |
|---|---|
 The XFT-1 | |
| General information | |
| Type | Fighter |
| Manufacturer | Northrop Corporation |
| Number built | 1 |
| History | |
| First flight | 18 December 1933 at Los Angeles[1] |
| Developed from | Northrop Delta |
| Developed into | Vought V-141 |
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TheNorthrop XFT was an American prototypefighter aircraft of the 1930s. A single engined low-wingedmonoplane, it was designed and built to meet aUnited States Navy order for an advanced carrier based fighter. It exhibited poor handling, and was rejected by the Navy, the single prototype being lost in a crash. A variant, theNorthrop 3A, also was unsuccessful.
In the early 1930s, theUnited States Navy was interested in investigating the use of modern,monoplanes as fighter aircraft to replace thebiplanes that equipped its fighter squadrons. In December 1932, it ordered theXF7B fromBoeing, and based on the impressive performance ofNorthrop'sGamma andDelta, bothstressed skin monoplanes, placed an order with Northrop on May 8, 1933 for a single prototype fighter, designatedXFT-1.[2][3]
The resulting aircraft, which was designed by a team led byEd Heinemann resembled a scaled-down Northrop Delta. It was a low-winged monoplane, of all-metal stressed skin construction. It had a fixedtailwheel undercarriage with its main gear fitted with streamlining trouser fairings. The pilot sat in an enclosed cockpit with a sliding canopy. It was powered by a singleWright R-1510radial engine.[3]
The XFT-1 first flew on January 16, 1934, being delivered toNAS Anacostia for evaluation by the Navy. While it was the fastest fighter yet tested by the U.S. Navy, its handling characteristics were poor. Although it was fitted with flaps to lower its landing speed, it was difficult to control at low speeds, and had poor forward visibility, major problems for an aircraft intended to operate offaircraft carriers. Its most serious problem, however, was its behavior when spinning, where the tail was subject to severe buffeting. In February 1934, test pilotVance Breese landed the prototype XFT-1 without authorization at Glendale California at a Curtiss Wright Technical Institute location, and pictures of the XFT-1 were leaked to Janes AWA.[4] It was fitted with a more powerful R-1510 engine in August 1934, but this did not improve performance, and it was returned to Northrop for more major modifications, being fitted with larger tail surfaces and aPratt & Whitney R-1535 Twin Wasp Juniorradial engine, being redesignatedXFT-2.[5]
The XFT-2 was redelivered to Anacostia in April 1936,[6] where it was found that while its performance had only slightly improved, its handling was even poorer than before, and it was rejected by the U.S. Navy as unairworthy.[2] It was ordered to be returned to Northrop, and ignoring instructions to ship the aircraft back to Northrop'sEl Segundo factory, a test pilot attempted to fly the XFT-2 back to California, the aircraft entering a spin and crashing when crossing theAllegheny Mountains on July 21, 1936.[6]
The design formed the basis of theNorthrop 3A, almost identical to the XFT except for a retractable undercarriage, which first flew in 1935. It was another failure, having a tendency for unintentional spins. After the 3A and itstest pilot,Lieutenant Frank Scare, disappeared without trace on a flight over thePacific Ocean offCalifornia on 30 July 1935, Northrop abandoned the 3A project and sold itsblueprints toChance Vought Aviation, where it became theVought V-141.[7][8]
Data from McDonnell Douglas Aircraft since 1920[9]
General characteristics
Performance
Armament
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
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