| Northern viscacha | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Rodentia |
| Family: | Chinchillidae |
| Genus: | Lagidium |
| Species: | L. peruanum |
| Binomial name | |
| Lagidium peruanum Meyen, 1833 | |
Thenorthern viscacha (Lagidium peruanum) is a species ofviscacha, arodent in the familyChinchillidae.[2] It is known fromPeru andChile, at elevations from 300 to 5000 m, and may also be present inBolivia.[1]
The northern viscacha grows to a head and body length of some 300 to 450 mm (12 to 18 in) with a bushy tail nearly as long which can be curled in a coil. The adult weight is between 900 and 1,600 g (32 and 56 oz). Its long ears are furry and its body fur is dense and soft, but the tail has coarser hairs. The dorsal (upper) surface ranges from dark grey at lower altitudes to brown at higher elevations. The ventral (under) surface is cream or pale grey and the tip of the tail is reddish-brown or black.[3] The northern viscacha has been observed leaping over six feet and can swim when necessary.[4]
The northern viscacha is native to central and southern Peru and northern Chile, and may also be present in the area aroundLake Titicaca in Peru and Bolivia. Its altitude range extends from 300 to 5,000 m (980 to 16,400 ft) above sea level. It makes its home in crevices in the rock and is found in various habitats where suitable rocky outcrops are found.[1] Most populations occur between thetree line and thesnow line, but the distribution is patchy with the animal being common in some localities and absent in others even though the habitat seems equally suitable.[3]
The northern viscacha is a herbivore and feeds on a variety of plant material, including grasses, roots, and seeds.[5] Breeding usually takes place during October and November. A litter usually consists of a single pup born after agestation period around 140 days. The young is weaned when about 8 weeks old.[1]
It ispreyed on by theAndean mountain cat (Leopardus jacobitus), thecolocolo (Leopardus colocolo), and theculpeo (Lycalopex culpaeus) in high-altitude desert regions.[6] The northern viscacha is more often found on larger, steeper portions of cliffs. This preference is probably driven by a need to avoid predators, as land-based carnivores are more easily evaded on a steep slope. It rarely ventures far from rocks, as these provide a means of escaping from both aerial and terrestrial predators.[7] The northern viscacha rarely has more than 50 yards of open ground between its colony and water.[4]
Northern viscachas are gregarious and communicate using warning whistles.Vicuna will search for threats upon hearing the northern viscacha's whistle. Thebolivian big-eared mouse will sun and feed alongside northern viscachas on occasion.[4]
The northern viscacha is common within suitable habitat in its range. The population size is relatively stable, and although it is hunted locally for food, no other significant threats have been identified, so theIUCN lists the species as being ofLeast Concern in itsRed List of Threatened Species.[1]
