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| Northern Low Saxon | |
|---|---|
| North Low Saxon, North Saxon | |
| Native to | Germany, NortheasternNetherlands, southernDenmark |
| Region | Lower Saxony, Bremen, Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Groningen, Drenthe |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | nds |
| ISO 639-3 | nds (partial) |
| Glottolog | ostf1234 North Low Saxonnort2628 German Northern Low Saxon |
Northern Low Saxon (inStandard High German:Nordniedersächsisch, alsoNordniederdeutsch,[1] lit.North(ern)Low Saxon/German; inStandard Dutch:Noord-Nedersaksisch) is a subgroup ofLow Saxon dialects ofLow German. As such, it covers a great part of the West Low German-speaking areas ofnorthern Germany, with the exception of the border regions where South Low Saxon (Eastphalian andWestphalian) is spoken, andGronings dialect in theNetherlands.
Northern Low Saxon can be divided into Holsteinian (Holsteinisch), Schleswigian (Schleswigsch),East Frisian Low Saxon, Dithmarsch (Dithmarsisch), North Hanoveranian (Nordhannoversch), Emslandish (Emsländisch), and Oldenburgish (Oldenburgisch) in Germany,[3] with additional dialects in the Netherlands, such as Gronings.[4]
Holsteinisch is spoken inHolstein, the southern part ofSchleswig-Holstein inGermany, inDithmarschen, aroundNeumünster,Rendsburg,Kiel andLübeck.
Schleswigsch (German pronunciation:[ˈʃleːsvɪkʃ]) is spoken inSchleswig, which is divided betweenGermany andDenmark. It is mainly based on aSouth Jutlandicsubstrate. Therefore, it has some notable differences in pronunciation and grammar with its southern neighbour dialects. The dialects on the west coast of Schleswig (Nordfriesland district) and someislands show someNorth Frisian influences.[citation needed]
Oldenburgisch is spoken around the city ofOldenburg. It is limited to Germany. The main difference between it andEast Frisian Low Saxon, which is spoken in the Frisian parts ofLower Saxony, is the lack of anEast Frisian substrate.Oldenburgisch is spoken in the city ofBremen as"Bremian", which is the only capital whereOldenburgisch is spoken.
a)[5]
b)[6]
Emsländisch and Oldenburgisch are also grouped together asEmsländisch-Oldenburgisch, while Bremen and Hamburg lie in the area of Nordhannoversch (in a broader sense).[8][9]
The most obvious common character in grammar is the forming of the perfect participle. It is formed without a prefix, as in allNorth Germanic languages, as well asEnglish andFrisian, but unlikestandard German,Dutch and some dialects ofWestphalian andEastphalian Low Saxon:
Thediminutive (-je) (Dutch and East Frisian Low Saxon-tje, Eastphalian-ke, High German-chen, Alemannic-le,li) is hardly used. Some examples areBuscherumpje, a fisherman's shirt, orlüttje, a diminutive oflütt, little. Instead the adjectivelütt is used, e.g.dat lütte Huus,de lütte Deern,de lütte Jung.
There are a lot of special characteristics in the vocabulary, too, but they are shared partly with other languages and dialects, e.g.:
e.g., German North Saxon (DNS) and Dutch Westphalian (NWF)
