.svg) | |
| Area | 21,780,142 km2 (8,409,360 sq mi) |
|---|---|
| Population | 375,278,947 (2021 est.) |
| Population density | 16.5/km2 (42.7/sq mi) |
| GDP (nominal) | $27.5 trillion (2022)[1] |
| Demonym | Northern American |
| Countries | 2
|
| Dependencies | |
| Languages | English,French,Spanish,Danish,Greenlandic, and various recognizedregional languages |
| Time zones | UTC−10:00 (westAleutians) toUTC+00:00 (Danmarkshavn,Greenland) |
| Largest cities | |
| UN M49 code | 021 – Northern America003 –North America019 –Americas001 –World |
Northern America is thenorthernmostsubregion ofNorth America, as well as the northernmostregion in theAmericas. The boundaries may be drawn significantly differently depending on the source of the definition. In one definition, it lies directly north ofMiddle America.[2] Northern America's land frontier with the rest of North America then coincides with theMexico–United States border.Geopolitically, according to theUnited Nations' scheme of geographicalregions andsubregions, Northern America consists ofBermuda,Canada,Greenland,Saint Pierre and Miquelon and theUnited States (thecontiguous United States andAlaska only, excludingHawaii,Navassa Island,Puerto Rico, theUnited States Virgin Islands, and otherminor U.S. Pacific territories).[3][4]
Maps using the termNorthern America date back to 1755, when the region was occupied byFrance,Great Britain, andSpain.[5] TheSolemn Act of the Declaration of Independence of Northern America in 1813 applied to Mexico.Today, Northern America includes theCanada–USdyad,developed countries that exhibit very highHuman Development Indexes and intenseeconomic integration while sharing many socioeconomic characteristics.[6]
TheWorld Geographical Scheme for Recording Plant Distributions has "Northern America" as the seventh of its nine "botanical continents". Its definition differs from the usual political one: Mexico is included, Bermuda is excluded (being placed in the Caribbean region), Hawaii is excluded (being placed in the Pacific botanical continent) and all of theAleutian Islands, Russian as well as American, are included.[7]
| Country /Territory | Population[8][9] | Area (km2)[10] | Density (people per km2) | Capital |
|---|---|---|---|---|
 Bermuda | 64,185 | 53.2 | 1,206.48 | Hamilton |
 Canada | 38,155,012 | 9,984,670 | 3.82 | Ottawa |
 Greenland | 56,243 | 2,166,086 | 0.03 | Nuuk |
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon | 5,883 | 242 | 24.31 | Saint-Pierre |
 United States[11] | 336,997,624 | 9,826,675 | 34.29 | Washington, D.C. |
* indicates"Demographics of country or territory" links.
| Year | Population[12] | % change | Canada | % | United States | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 172,603,000 | — | 13,733,000 | 8.0% | 158,804,000 | 92.0% |
| 1960 | 204,649,000 | +18.6% | 17,847,000 | 8.7% | 186,721,000 | 91.2% |
| 1970 | 230,992,000 | +12.9% | 21,374,000 | 9.3% | 209,513,000 | 90.7% |
| 1980 | 254,007,000 | +10.0% | 24,417,000 | 9.6% | 229,476,000 | 90.3% |
| 1990 | 279,785,000 | +10.1% | 27,541,000 | 9.8% | 252,120,000 | 90.1% |
| 2000 | 312,427,000 | +11.7% | 30,588,000 | 9.8% | 281,711,000 | 90.2% |
| 2010 | 343,287,000 | +9.9% | 34,148,000 | 9.9% | 309,011,000 | 90.0% |
| 2020 | 368,870,000 | +7.5% | 37,742,000 | 10.2% | 331,003,000 | 89.7% |
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