Northeastern Mandarin
东北话 Dōngběihuà
Native to	Jilin,Heilongjiang,Liaoning andInner Mongolia provinces of China; (Overseas,United States-New York City,Russia-primarily inPrimorsky Krai)
Region	Northeast China,Russian Far East (Taz)
Speakers	98.02 million (2012)[1]
Language family	Sino-Tibetan Sinitic Chinese Mandarin Northeastern Mandarin
Dialects	Taz Shenyang Harbin Changchun
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
ISO 639-6	dbiu
Linguist List	cmn-nem
Glottolog	nort3283
Linguasphere	79-AAA-bc
[image reference needed]

Northeastern Mandarin (simplified Chinese:东北话;traditional Chinese:東北話;pinyin:Dōngběihuà;lit. 'Northeast Speech' or东北官话/東北官話Dōngběiguānhuà "Northeast Mandarin") is the subgroup ofMandarin Chinese spoken inNortheast China with the exception of theLiaodong Peninsula and few enclaves alongAmur andUssuri rivers. The classification of Northeastern Mandarin as a separate dialect group fromBeijing Mandarin was first proposed byLi Rong, author of theLanguage Atlas of China, in 1989. However, many researchers do not accept the distinction.^[2]

Northeastern Mandarin varieties are spoken in the northeastern part of China, in the provinces ofLiaoning (except its southern part fromDalian toDandong whereJiaoliao Mandarin is spoken),Jilin andHeilongjiang, and in some northern parts ofInner Mongolia.^[3] The number of speakers was estimated in 1987 as 82 million,^[4] and 98 million in 2012. The latter text also estimates that there are 37 million speakers in Heilongjiang, 26 million in Jilin, 28 million in Liaoning, and 6 million in Inner Mongolia.^[1]

TheLanguage Atlas of China divided Northeastern Mandarin into three subgroups, following a classification be Hè Wēi based on the occurrence of nasal initials in words having a zero initial in Beijing:^[3][5][6]

• Ji–Shen (吉瀋) in the east, includingJilin dialect andShenyang dialect, has a zero initial in these words, as in Beijing.
• Ha–Fu (哈阜) in the west, includingHarbin dialect andChangchun dialect, have nasal initials in these words.
• Hei–Song (黑松) in the north, includingQiqihar dialect, have zero or nasal initials in random variation.

More distant varieties tend to be more similar to theBeijing dialect than closer ones, so that the speech of Harbin is closer to that of Beijing than that of Jilin and Changchun, which in turn are closer than that of Shenyang.^[7]

A form of Northeastern Mandarin (with some words fromUdege andNanai) has been spoken since approximately 1800 by theTaz people nearby in theRussian Far East, primarily inPrimorsky Krai.^[8]

Overseas, Northeastern Mandarin is spoken in increasingly larger communities inNew York City Chinatowns/Flushing in theUnited States.

Northeastern Mandarin shares similarities with theBeijing dialect, such as a similar distribution of the Middle Chineseentering tone across the other tone classes and the preservation of initial[w], where the dialects ofHebei province, which surroundsBeijing, have[v].^[7] However, in northeastern Chinese, final-ian or-üan is pronounced with an[æ] rather than with[ɛ] or[e] as in the standard.^[9] The[ʐ] initial of Beijing (spelledr- inpinyin) is generally elided in northeastern varieties.^[10][11]

Mandarin variants like Northeastern Mandarin often contribute to a strong regional identity. Because of its informal usage of words and tones, comedians often use Northeast dialects when performing. ComedianZhao Benshan is recognized nationwide for his performances which make humorous use of Northeastern dialect and NortheasternErrenzhuan folk dance and song traditions.^[12]

Works cited

ThisSino-Tibetan languages-related article is astub. You can help Wikipedia byexpanding it.

• v
• t
• e

• Mandarin Chinese
• Sino-Tibetan language stubs

• CS1 uses Chinese-language script (zh)
• CS1 Chinese-language sources (zh)
• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata
• Articles containing Chinese-language text
• Languages with ISO6 code
• Language articles with Linglist code
• Language articles with Linguasphere code
• All articles with unsourced statements
• Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022
• Dialects of languages with ISO 639-3 code
• Dialects with Linguist List code
• Languages without ISO 639-3 code but with Glottolog code
• Languages without ISO 639-3 code but with Linguasphere code
• Pages using infobox language with unknown parameters
• Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text
• Articles containing traditional Chinese-language text
• Pages with plain IPA
• All stub articles