Northeast Vietnamese:Đông Bắc Bộ | |
|---|---|
 Location of the Đông Bắc (Northeast) region in Vietnam | |
| Country |  Vietnam |
| Area | |
• Total | 50,826.38 km2 (19,624.18 sq mi) |
| Population (2022)[1] | |
• Total | 9,474,710 |
| • Density | 186.413/km2 (482.808/sq mi) |
| GDP | |
| • Total | VND 348 trillion US$ 15.3 billion (2021) |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (UTC +7) |
| HDI (2022) | 0.685[3] high ·4th |
Đông Bắc (literally "Northeast" fromChinese:東北;pinyin:Dōngběi) is theregion to the north of theRed River Delta inVietnam, borderingChina. It is calledNortheast to distinguish it from theTây Bắc (Chinese:西北;pinyin:Xīběi) or "Northwest", but it is actually in the north and northeast of Hanoi, wider thanViệt Bắc (Chinese:越北联区;pinyin:Yuè Běi Lián Qū) or "Northern Vietnam". The Northeast is one of three sub-regions ofNorthern Vietnam (the other two sub-regions are theNorthwest and the Red River Delta). Sometimes the Northeast includes theRed River Delta.
The Northeast region encompasses the provinces northeast ofHanoi, near the border with China. It has a population of about ten million.
Geographical boundaries to the west of the Northeast are not clear, mainly due to the lack of consensus about the geography of Vietnam on the boundary between the Northwest and Northeast to be theRed River or theHoàng Liên Sơn. The Northeast is limited to the north and east by the Vietnam-China border, while the Southeast overlooks theGulf of Tonkin. The southern limit is composed of theTam Đảo mountain range and theRed River Delta.
It is also mountainous in the midlands, the mountainous includemassifs, andlimestone mountains.
The western side, is limited by the Red River valley and theChảy River's source, above, is composed ofgranite,slate and limestone plateau. In essence, this is the edge of theYunnan Plateau. The high mountains of the Northeast are concentrated here, asTây Côn Lĩnh,Kiêu Liêu Ti.
The northern part junction with Vietnam-China border are theplateau (highland) turns from west to east are:Bắc Hà,Quản Bạ,Đồng Văn. Two first plateau has an average elevation of 1000-1200m.Đồng Văn Plateau is 1600m. Rivers and streams flowing through the plateau created long and deepcanyons. There are also some small plains, likeThất Khê,Lạng Sơn,Lộc Bình, andCao Bằng.
To the east, from theGâm River's middle into thesea, which is lower than many mountains arc turned eastward turn from east to west is theGâm River's anticline,Ngân Sơn-Yên Lạc Bow,Bắc Sơn Massif,Đông Triều Mountain range. Mountains rising above the sea form the famous scenery ofHạ Long. The arc of these mountains are mostly covered tail atTam Đảo.
Southwest, fromPhú Thọ, southernTuyên Quang, southernYên Bái andThái Nguyên, lower toward the plain. It is called as the "midlands". The height of this section is about 100–150 m.
The Northeast has many rivers flow through, including the major river of theRed,Chảy,Lô,Gâm (theRed rivers system),Cầu,Thương,Lục Nam (inThái Bình river system),Bằng,Bắc Giang,Kỳ Cùng...
Northeast's sea region has many large and small islands, nearly 2/3 the number of Vietnam'ssea islands (including theHoàng Sa andTrường Sa).
During the multiple eras ofVietnam under Chinese rule, this region was often controlled byChinese dynasties for almost a thousand years, beginning from theHan dynasty when they hadconquered Nanyue. It left a legacy whereby this region is the most heavily sinicized in Vietnam. Even today, many cross-border changes occur with the contemporaryPeople's Republic of China (PRC). Many of the individuals who live here have partial Chinese ancestry, and it is not uncommon for Chinese languages to be heard in this region, such as in cities likeLạng Sơn (谅山) andMóng Cái (芒街).
| Province- Level Division | Capital | Population (2024)[1] | Area (in km2)[1][2] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bắc Giang | Bắc Giang | 1,962,600 | 3,895.89 |
| Bắc Kạn | Bắc Kạn | 329,300 | 4,859.96 |
| Cao Bằng | Cao Bằng | 558,500 | 6,700.39 |
| Hà Giang | Hà Giang | 899,860 | 7,927.55 |
| Lạng Sơn | Lạng Sơn | 814,000 | 8,310.18 |
| Phú Thọ | Việt Trì | 1,530,770 | 3,534.56 |
| Quảng Ninh | Hạ Long | 1,396,500 | 6,207.93 |
| Thái Nguyên | Thái Nguyên | 1,365,200 | 3,521.97 |
| Tuyên Quang | Tuyên Quang | 812,220 | 5,867.95 |
| Bắc Giang province | | |
|---|---|---|
| Bắc Kạn province | ||
| Cao Bằng province | ||
| Hà Giang province | ||
| Lạng Sơn province | ||
| Phú Thọ province | ||
| Quảng Ninh province | ||
| Thái Nguyên province | ||
| Tuyên Quang province | ||
※ denotes provincial seat. | ||
21°42′05″N106°13′17″E / 21.70139°N 106.22139°E /21.70139; 106.22139