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North Shore (New Zealand electorate)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Electoral district in Auckland, New Zealand

This article is about the New Zealand electorate. For the New South Wales state electorate, seeElectoral district of North Shore.
North Shore
Single-member general constituency for theNew ZealandHouse of Representatives
Formation1946
RegionAuckland
CharacterSuburban
Term3 years
Member for North Shore

Simon Watts[1]
since17 October 2020
PartyNational
Previous MPMaggie Barry (National)
Party vote distribution




North Shore is a parliamentaryelectorate that returns one Member of Parliament to theNew Zealand House of Representatives. The current MP for North Shore isSimon Watts of theNational Party,[2] who at the 2020 election was elected to succeed the retiringMaggie Barry, also of National.[3]

Population centres

[edit]

The1941 New Zealand census had been postponed due to World War II, so the 1946 electoral redistribution had to take ten years of population growth and movements into account. TheNorth Island gained a further two electorates from theSouth Island due to faster population growth. The abolition of thecountry quota through theElectoral Amendment Act, 1945 reduced the number and increased the size of rural electorates. None of the existing electorates remained unchanged, 27 electorates were abolished, eight former electorates were re-established, and 19 electorates were created for the first time, including North Shore.[4]

The boundaries of the North Shore electorate were last adjusted for the first election held using themixed-member proportional (MMP) voting system in1996, when the number of general electorates decreased from 95 (1993) to 60 (1996), and the electorate expanded to the north into an area previously belonging toEast Coast Bays. No boundary adjustments were undertaken in the subsequent redistributions in 2002, 2007,[5] and 2013/14.[6] The 2025 Boundary Review saw the electorate gainWindsor Park fromEast Coast Bays.[7]

North Shore stretches up the eastern coast ofNorth Shore City inAuckland, starting in the south atDevonport and moving northwards to take inStanley Point,Narrow Neck,Bayswater,Belmont,Hauraki,Takapuna,Lake Pupuke,Milford,Castor Bay,Campbells Bay,Sunnynook andMairangi Bay.[8] North Shore is predominantlyEuropean andAsian, and has an average income high above the national average, boasting some of the most expensive real estate in the country.

History

[edit]

The seat has been contested at every election in New Zealand since1946, and except for a single victory by future Labour Attorney-GeneralMartyn Finlay in its first contest, has been safely held by the National Party ever since.

Wayne Mapp held the electorate from1996 until his retirement in 2011.[9] He was succeeded byMaggie Barry, who won the2011 and2014 elections.[10][11]

Members of Parliament

[edit]

Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and started at general elections.

Key

  Labour  National  United NZ  NZ First  Mauri Pacific  ACT

ElectionWinner
1946 electionMartyn Finlay
1949 electionDean Eyre
1951 election
1954 election
1957 election
1960 election
1963 election
1966 electionGeorge Gair
1969 election
1972 election
1975 election
1978 election
1981 election
1984 election
1987 election
1990 electionBruce Cliffe
1993 election
1996 electionWayne Mapp
1999 election
2002 election
2005 election
2008 election
2011 electionMaggie Barry
2014 election
2017 election
2020 electionSimon Watts
2023 election

List MPs

[edit]

Members of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the North Shore electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.

ElectionWinner
1996 electionAnn Batten
Derek Quigley
1999 electionHelen Duncan
2002 election
Deborah Coddington
Barbara Stewart
2008 electionJohn Boscawen
Phil Twyford
2011 electionAndrew Williams

Election results

[edit]

2023 election

[edit]
2023 general election: North Shore[12]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
AGreen tickY orRed XN denotes status of anyincumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
NationalGreen tickYSimon Watts24,89260.76+14.5721,05050.79+16.74
LabourGeorge Hampton8,56220.907,31817.65-23.70
GreenPat Baskett3,6638.944,85111.70+3.36
ACTAnna Yallop2,0615.034,54010.95+1.09
OpportunitiesAbe Gray1,2293.001,6043.87+1.97
NZ First 1,0552.54+0.64
Te Pāti Māori 2090.50+0.25
NZ Loyal 2070.49
NewZeal 1330.32+0.24
Legalise Cannabis 1110.26+0.10
Freedoms NZ 530.12
New Conservatives 530.12-1.09
Animal Justice 480.11
Women's Rights 420.10
DemocracyNZ 350.08
New Nation 240.05
Leighton Baker Party 70.01
Informal votes559100
Total valid votes40,96641,440
NationalholdMajority16,33039.86

2020 election

[edit]
2020 general election: North Shore[13]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
AGreen tickY orRed XN denotes status of anyincumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
NationalSimon Watts19,20246.19-13.5514,41134.05-23.65
LabourRomy Udanga15,46837.21+9.7117,49841.35+15.33
GreenLiz Rawlings2,5956.243,5308.34+1.73
ACTNick Kearney1,5963.84+2.274,1729.86+8.92
OpportunitiesShai Navot1,4933.59-0.568061.90-0.49
New ConservativeMike Brewer7911.905111.21+0.99
Advance NZMegan Elspeth Osborn2010.482300.54+0.50
OutdoorsSue Dick1380.33260.06+0.02
Sustainable NZMari Huusko870.21380.09
NZ First 8021.90−3.35
Māori Party 1040.25−0.01
TEA 800.19
Legalise Cannabis 660.16−0.02
ONE 320.08
Vision NZ 70.02
Social Credit 50.01−0.02
Heartland 10.00
Informal votes663178
Total valid votes41,57142,319
Turnout42,61783.01[14]+2.50
NationalholdMajority3,7348.98−23.26

2017 election

[edit]
2017 general election: North Shore[15]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
AGreen tickY orRed XN denotes status of anyincumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
NationalGreen tickYMaggie Barry23,56459.74-2.7323,00957.70-3.88
LabourRomy Udanga10,84827.50+8.3810,37526.02+11.84
NZ FirstJosh Hubbard2,1085.342,0975.25−0.57
OpportunitiesMatt Isbister1,6394.159532.39
ACTNick Kearney6211.57+0.063720.94−0.47
Logic PartyMiriam Clements1660.43
Green 2,6386.61−4.06
Māori Party 1030.26−0.19
Conservative 860.22−4.12
Legalise Cannabis 690.18−0.09
United Future 220.06−0.19
Outdoors 140.04
People's Party 130.04
Ban 1080 110.03±0.00
Democrats 100.03−0.06
Internet 90.03−0.62
Mana 70.02−0.63
Informal votes49383
Total valid votes39,43939,871
Turnout40,13680.51[16]+1.46
NationalholdMajority12,71632.24−11.10

2014 election

[edit]
2014 general election: North Shore[11]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
AGreen tickY orRed XN denotes status of anyincumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
NationalGreen tickYMaggie Barry23,78362.47+0.0323,76261.58-0.58
LabourClaire Szabó7,28019.12-1.455,47314.18-2.05
GreenBrett Stansfield3,7289.79+2.094,11810.67-0.18
ConservativeMelissa Perkin2,1995.78+3.291,6734.34+2.11
ACTNick Kearney5751.51-2.055451.41-0.51
DemocratsTim Leitch970.25+0.25340.09+0.06
NZ First 2,2465.82+0.96
Internet Mana 2500.65+0.48[a]
Maori Party 1740.45-0.15
Legalise Cannabis 1030.27-0.06
United Future 980.25-0.23
Ban 1080 130.03+0.03
Civilian 120.03+0.03
Independent Coalition 40.01+0.01
Focus 20.01+0.01
Informal votes41278
Total valid votes38,07438,585
Turnout38,58578.49+3.00
NationalholdMajority16,50343.34+1.47

2011 election

[edit]
2011 general election: North Shore[10]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
AGreen tickY orRed XN denotes status of anyincumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
NationalMaggie Barry22,70962.44+0.5923,11362.16+4.10
LabourBen Clark7,48120.57-3.446,03616.23-5.17
GreenPieter Watson2,8027.70+1.504,03510.85+4.24
ACTDon Brash1,2933.56-0.417141.92-5.55
ConservativeCraig Jensen9042.49+2.498292.23+2.23
NZ FirstAndrew Williams9002.47+0.891,8064.86+1.92
United FutureDamian Light1730.48-0.201790.48-0.46
LibertarianzMichael Murphy1080.30+0.05410.11+0.03
Maori Party 2230.60+0.002
Legalise Cannabis 1230.33+0.07
Mana 620.17+0.17
Democrats 120.03+0.01
Alliance 80.02-0.04
Informal votes592174
Total valid votes36,37036,962
NationalholdMajority15,22841.87+4.03

Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 48,963[17]

2008 election

[edit]
2008 general election: North Shore[18]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
AGreen tickY orRed XN denotes status of anyincumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
NationalGreen tickYWayne Mapp23,82461.8522,73858.06
LabourPhil Twyford9,25024.018,38121.40
GreenPieter Watson2,3896.202,5906.61
ACTJohn Boscawen1,5283.972,9277.47
NZ FirstJoe Gregory6121.591,1492.93
Family PartyLouise Cleary5141.331760.45
United FutureDamian Light2610.683700.94
LibertarianzMichael Murphy940.24330.08
RAMStephen Cooper470.12130.03
Maori Party 2340.60
Progressive 1650.42
Bill and Ben 1390.35
Legalise Cannabis 1040.27
Kiwi 830.21
Alliance 240.06
Pacific 130.03
Workers Party 100.03
Democrats 90.02
RONZ 40.01
Informal votes268102
Total valid votes38,51939,162
NationalholdMajority14,57437.84


2005 election

[edit]
2005 general election: North Shore[19]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
AGreen tickY orRed XN denotes status of anyincumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
NationalGreen tickYWayne Mapp21,97559.56+15.5820,12553.49+26.06
LabourPhil Twyford12,27433.26+4.1611,25229.91-1.36
United FutureRoss Tizard8652.34-1.548072.14-4.81
ACTNick Kearney8352.26-6.551,1443.04-11.09
ProgressivePaula Gillon5441.47+0.612610.69-0.36
Maori PartyRaewyn Harrison2650.721060.28
LibertarianzMichael Murphy1400.38210.06
Green 1,9405.16-1.28
NZ First 1,6834.47-5.70
Destiny 1200.32
Legalise Cannabis 550.15-0.17
Christian Heritage 530.14-0.70
One NZ 130.03-0.02
99 MP 110.03
Alliance 100.03-0.78
Direct Democracy 100.03
Family Rights 60.02
Democrats 50.01
RONZ 10.003
Informal votes43090
Total valid votes36,89837,623
NationalholdMajority9,70126.30+11.42

2002 election

[edit]
2002 general election: North Shore[20]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
AGreen tickY orRed XN denotes status of anyincumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
NationalGreen tickYWayne Mapp15,06043.359,50727.37
LabourHelen Duncan9.97028.7010,84131.21
United FutureRoss Tizard1,3293.832,4086.93
ACTDeborah Coddington3,0188.694,89714.04
Jim Anderton's Progressive CoalitionLyndsay Brock2960.083630.10
GreenRichard A. Green1,9135.512,2346.43
NZ FirstBabara Stewart2,0135.803,52510.14
Christian HeritageMark Munroe3700.122920.08
Alliance{{{candidate}}}2870.082820.08
Legalise Cannabis 1120.03
Informal votes29575
Total valid votes34,55934,739
NationalholdMajority5,098

1999 election

[edit]

Refer toCandidates in the New Zealand general election 1999 by electorate#North Shore for a list of candidates.

1996 election

[edit]
1996 general election: North Shore[21][22][23]
Notes:

Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
Pink background denotes a candidate elected from their party list.
Yellow background denotes an electorate win by a list member, or other incumbent.
AGreen tickY orRed XN denotes status of anyincumbent, win or lose respectively.

PartyCandidateVotes%±%Party votes%±%
NationalWayne Mapp15,76343.4815,61242.89
ACTDerek Quigley5,41514.945,01513.78
AllianceJoel Cayford4,89713.51-10.862,1255.84
LabourPerry Cameron4,37512.077,51820.65
NZ FirstAnn Batten4,16511.493,5479.74
Christian CoalitionJulie Belding7802.151,1813.24
Progressive GreenCassandra Doherty3130.861030.28
McGillicuddy SeriousFelix Clark2630.73870.24
Green SocietyBradley Heising1090.30500.14
Superannuitants & YouthTrevor Gilligan880.24410.11
Natural LawGail Pianta840.23430.12
United NZ 4761.31
Legalise Cannabis 4561.25
Ethnic Minority Party710.20
Animals First 500.14
Conservatives 110.03
Libertarianz 110.03
Asia Pacific United40.01
Mana Māori 30.01
Advance New Zealand00.00
Te Tawharau00.00
Informal votes22573
Total valid votes36,25236,404
Nationalgain fromUnited NZMajority10,34828.54

1993 election

[edit]
1993 general election: North Shore[24]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
NationalBruce Cliffe10,16845.50−8.74
AllianceJoel Cayford5,44524.37
LabourCarl Harding4,13218.49
NZ FirstRichard Stevens1,8518.28
Christian HeritageMary-Anne Gladwell3411.52
McGillicuddy SeriousBarry Bryant2881.28
Natural LawGail Pianta1180.52
Majority4,72321.13−6.95
Turnout22,34386.67+0.06
Registered electors25,778

1990 election

[edit]
1990 general election: North Shore[25]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
NationalBruce Cliffe11,94454.24
LabourGraeme Ransom5,76126.16−19.22
GreenTony Dunlop2,94313.36
NewLabourBarry Kirker8824.00
DemocratsSandra Ann Ewan-Willis1970.89
McGillicuddy SeriousSimon Holroyd1680.76
IndependentBlanche Victoria Holloway1240.56
Majority6,18328.08
Turnout22,01986.61−0.88
Registered electors25,422

1987 election

[edit]
1987 general election: North Shore[26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
NationalGeorge Gair10,58948.62+1.71
LabourGraeme Ransom9,88345.38
DemocratsF Holmes8613.95
NZ PartyStephen Greenfield4452.04
Majority9204.22−11.55
Turnout21,77887.49−4.55
Registered electors24,891

1984 election

[edit]
1984 general election: North Shore[26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
NationalGeorge Gair11,03446.91−1.21
LabourPeter Harris7,32431.13
NZ PartyReg Davies3,73715.88
Social CreditDick Ryan1,3715.82−16.28
IndependentMalcolm Moses540.22
Majority3,71015.77−2.58
Turnout23,52092.04+2.42
Registered electors25,553

1981 election

[edit]
1981 general election: North Shore[26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
NationalGeorge Gair10,40748.12−2.76
LabourPeter Chambers6,43829.77
Social CreditDick Ryan4,77922.10
Majority3,96918.35−4.51
Turnout21,62489.62+23.84
Registered electors24,128

1978 election

[edit]
1978 general election: North Shore[26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
NationalGeorge Gair10,35150.88−5.37
LabourGene Anthony Thomas Leckey5,70128.02
Social CreditIan Fraser3,48517.13
ValuesVirginia Horrocks8033.94
Majority4,65022.86−3.48
Turnout20,34065.78−15.27
Registered electors30,921

1975 election

[edit]
1975 general election: North Shore[26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
NationalGeorge Gair11,20256.25+4.69
LabourWyn Hoadley5,95529.90
ValuesDon Donnelly1,5817.93
Social CreditRon Barnett1,1535.79−1.39
Socialist UnityMorris Mennell220.11
Majority5,24726.34+14.18
Turnout19,91381.05−8.72
Registered electors24,568

1972 election

[edit]
1972 general election: North Shore[26]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
NationalGeorge Gair9,66551.56−5.69
LabourColin Chiles6,84436.51
Social CreditRon Barnett1,3467.18+1.25
ValuesS A W Brydon8164.35
New DemocraticP B Smith740.39
Majority2,28112.16−9.26
Turnout18,74589.77−0.29
Registered electors20,880

1969 election

[edit]
1969 general election: North Shore[27]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
NationalGeorge Gair10,59557.25+8.18
LabourDonald Frederick Dugdale6,63135.83
Social CreditRon Barnett1,0985.93
IndependentOdette Vivienne Leather1800.97
Majority3,96421.42+14.83
Turnout18,50490.06+3.94
Registered electors20,545

1966 election

[edit]
1966 general election: North Shore[27]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
NationalGeorge Gair8,24049.07
LabourMichael Bassett7,13242.47
Social CreditEva Hill1,4188.44+3.96
Majority1,1086.59
Turnout16,79086.12−4.89
Registered electors19,494

1963 election

[edit]
1963 general election: North Shore[27]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
NationalDean Eyre9,30155.25+1.27
LabourReginald Keeling6,54438.87
Social CreditEva Hill7554.48
LiberalJ E Pasley2341.39
Majority2,75716.37+5.13
Turnout16,83491.01+0.09
Registered electors18,495

1960 election

[edit]
1960 general election: North Shore[27]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
NationalDean Eyre8,72753.98+4.66
LabourPeter Lawrence Smith6,91042.74−3.78
Social CreditArthur Richards4312.66−0.64
IndependentBlanche Victoria Holloway970.60−0.25
Majority1,81711.24+8.44
Turnout16,16590.92−3.52
Registered electors17,778

1957 election

[edit]
1957 general election: North Shore[27]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
NationalDean Eyre8,12249.32−3.09
LabourPeter Lawrence Smith7,66046.52
Social CreditArthur Richards5443.30
IndependentBlanche Victoria Holloway1400.85
Majority4622.80−6.99
Turnout16,46694.44+3.90
Registered electors17,434

1954 election

[edit]
1954 general election: North Shore[27]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
NationalDean Eyre7,46352.41−5.02
LabourArthur Faulkner6,06842.61
Social CreditFrank Procter7074.96
Majority1,3959.79−5.07
Turnout14,23890.54−0.53
Registered electors15,725

1951 election

[edit]
1951 general election: North Shore[28]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
NationalDean Eyre8,32857.43+2.74
LabourRichard Wrathall6,17342.56
Majority2,15514.86+5.48
Turnout14,50191.07−4.00
Registered electors15,922

1949 election

[edit]
1949 general election: North Shore[29]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
NationalDean Eyre7,83554.69
LabourMartyn Finlay6,49145.31−5.56
Majority1,3449.38
Turnout14,32695.07+0.86
Registered electors15,068

1946 election

[edit]
1946 general election: North Shore[30]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
LabourMartyn Finlay7,01550.87
NationalHenry Thorne Morton6,77649.13
Majority2391.73
Turnout13,79195.93
Registered electors14,375

Table footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^2014 Internet Mana swing is relative to the votes forMana in 2011; it shared a party list withInternet in the 2014 election.

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^"North Shore - Official Result".Electoral Commission. Retrieved27 February 2025.
  2. ^"Simon Watts".New Zealand Parliament. Retrieved19 October 2020.
  3. ^"National MP Maggie Barry announces retirement at 2020 election".Stuff. 5 November 2019. Retrieved20 July 2020.
  4. ^McRobie 1989, pp. 91–96.
  5. ^Report of the Representation Commission 2007(PDF). Representation Commission. 14 September 2007. p. 8.ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 23 January 2019. Retrieved4 October 2014.
  6. ^Report of the Representation Commission 2014(PDF). Representation Commission. 4 April 2014. p. 8.ISBN 978-0-477-10414-2. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 6 October 2014. Retrieved4 October 2014.
  7. ^Report of the Representation Commission 2025(PDF). Representation Commission. 8 August 2025. p. 18.ISBN 978-0-473-75233-0. Retrieved3 September 2025.
  8. ^"North Shore - Electorate Profile". Parliamentary Library. 27 April 2021. Retrieved23 September 2025.
  9. ^Willis, Liz (15 December 2010)."National MP Wayne Mapp to retire".Stuff.co.nz. Retrieved4 October 2014.
  10. ^ab"Official Count Results – North Shore (2011)".Electoral Commission. 10 December 2011. Retrieved4 October 2014.
  11. ^ab"Official Count Results – North Shore (2014)".Electoral Commission. 10 December 2011. Retrieved14 April 2016.
  12. ^"North Shore - Official Result".Electoral Commission. Retrieved10 June 2024.
  13. ^"North Shore – Official Results". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved26 November 2021.
  14. ^"Electorate Candidate Votes and Turnout by Electorate".Electoral Commission. Retrieved26 November 2021.
  15. ^"Official Count Results – North Shore". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved21 December 2017.
  16. ^"Party Votes and Turnout by Electorate".Electoral Commission. Retrieved6 April 2018.
  17. ^"Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Archived fromthe original on 10 November 2011. Retrieved14 December 2011.
  18. ^2008 election results
  19. ^2005 election results
  20. ^[1]
  21. ^"Electorate Candidate and Party Votes Recorded at Each Polling Place – North Shore, 1996"(PDF). Retrieved26 July 2013.
  22. ^"Part III – Party Lists of Successful Registered Parties"(PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved22 June 2013.
  23. ^"Part III – Party Lists of unsuccessful Registered Parties"(PDF). Electoral Commission. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 8 February 2013. Retrieved22 June 2013.
  24. ^Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993. p. 71.
  25. ^Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990. p. 75.
  26. ^abcdefNorton 1988, p. 292.
  27. ^abcdefNorton 1988, p. 291.
  28. ^"The New Zealand Official Year-Book, 1951–52".Statistics New Zealand. Archived fromthe original on 23 June 2012. Retrieved19 November 2012.
  29. ^"The General Election, 1949".National Library. 1950. pp. 1–5, 8. Retrieved3 January 2014.
  30. ^"The General Election, 1946".National Library. 1947. pp. 1–11, 14. Retrieved1 January 2014.

References

[edit]
  • McRobie, Alan (1989).Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books.ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
  • Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First published in 1913].New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer.OCLC 154283103.
  • Norton, Clifford (1988).New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington.ISBN 0-475-11200-8.

External links

[edit]
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