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North China

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Region of China

For other uses, seeNorth China (disambiguation).

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Statistical region in People's Republic of China

North China
Statistical region
North People's Republic ofChina region
Country	People's Republic of China
Largest city	Beijing
Area
• Total	2,185,105 km² (843,674 sq mi)
Population ^[1]
• Total	164,823,136
• Density	75.43030/km² (195.3636/sq mi)
GDP(nominal, 2024)
• Total	CN¥16.72trillion (US$2.59trillion)^[2]

Northern China (a much broader area named Beifang)

North China (Chinese:华北) is ageographical region of thePeople's Republic of China, consisting of fiveprovincial-level administrative divisions, namely thedirect-administered municipalities Beijing andTianjin, theprovinces Hebei andShanxi, and theautonomous region Inner Mongolia (although the fourprefectures east of theGreater Khingan Range are sometimes regarded as parts ofNortheast China).

Part of the larger region ofNorthern China (Beifang), it lies north of theQinling–Huaihe Line,^[3] with its heartland in theNorth China Plain. Most inhabitants here speak variants of Northern Chinese languages such asMandarin, which includes theBeijing dialect and its cousin variants. The Beijing dialect is largely the basis ofStandard Chinese (or Standard Mandarin), the official language of the People's Republic of China.Jin Chinese andMongolian are also widely spoken due to the political and cultural history of the area.

History

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This sectionneeds expansion. You can help byadding to it.(December 2016)

In prehistory, the region was home to theYangshao andLongshan cultures.Peking Man was found near modern-day Beijing.

North Central China in theRepublic of China

The main agricultural lands of China lay in the area known as theCentral Plain, an area bordered by theYangtze River to its south and theYellow River to its north. Further north of the Yellow River lies theGobi Desert and steppe lands that extend west acrossEurasia. This region has long, harsh winters. It has relatively little in the way of water resources.^[4]^: 132

Despite these challenges, some forms of agriculture have been successful in this region, especiallyanimal husbandry, certainly of horse and camel, and possibly other types of animals. The cropsPanicum Miliaceum andSetaria Italica, both types ofmillet grain, are believed to be indigenous to northern China.Panicum Miliaceum is known from theCishan culture inHebei province, recovered asPhytoliths from pits instratigraphic sections.Sediments from the pits have radiocarbon dates from 8500 to 7500 BCE. Archaeological evidence of charred grains found in earlyHolocene layers in Hebei province atNanzhuangtou and Cishan has led scholars to revise the earliest dates associated with millet by about two millennia. Millet sites are concentrated along the boundaries of theLoess andMongolian Plateau, separated by a mountain chain from theHuabei Plain and theDongbei Plain, North China's mainalluvial plains, located to the west. Millet cultivation was similarly situated relative to theQinling Mountains at Dadiwan, and theYitai Mountains atYuezhuang. Macrofossil evidence (charred grains of foxtail and broomcorn millet) has been recovered fromXinglonggou inInner Mongolia,Xinle inLiaoning, Cishan in Hebei, andDadiwan inGansu, among other sites in Eastern and Central China.^[5]

Administrative divisions in the PRC

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GB^[6]	ISO No.^[7]	Province	Chinese Name	Capital	Population¹	Density²	Area³	Abbreviation/Symbol
Jīng	11	Beijing Municipality	北京市 Běijīng Shì	Beijing	19,612,368	1,167.40	16,800	BJ	京
Jīn	12	Tianjin Municipality	天津市 Tiānjīn Shì	Tianjin	12,938,224	1,144.46	11,305	TJ	津
Jì	13	Hebei Province	河北省 Héběi Shěng	Shijiazhuang	71,854,202	382.81	187,700	HE	冀
Jìn	14	Shanxi Province	山西省 Shānxī Shěng	Taiyuan	35,712,111	228.48	156,300	SX	晋
Měng (Nèi Měnggǔ)	15	Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Nei Mongol Autonomous Region	內蒙古自治区 Nèi Měnggǔ Zìzhìqū	Hohhot	24,706,321	20.88	1,183,000	NM	蒙(內蒙古)

Cities with urban area over one million in population

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Provincial capitals inbold.

#	City	Urban area^[8]	District area^[8]	City proper^[8]	Prov.	Census date
1	Beijing	16,446,857	18,827,262	19,612,368	BJ	2010-11-01
2	Tianjin	9,562,255	11,090,783	12,938,693	TJ	2010-11-01
3	Taiyuan	3,154,157	3,426,519	4,201,592	SX	2010-11-01
4	Shijiazhuang	2,770,344	2,834,942	10,163,788	HE	2010-11-01
5	Tangshan	2,128,191	3,187,171	7,577,289	HE	2010-11-01
6	Baotou	1,900,373	2,096,851	2,650,364	NM	2010-11-01
7	Hohhot	1,497,110	1,980,774	2,866,615	NM	2010-11-01
8	Datong	1,362,314	1,737,514	3,318,054	SX	2010-11-01
9	Handan	1,316,674	1,445,338	9,174,683	HE	2010-11-01
10	Baoding	1,038,195	1,138,521	11,194,382	HE	2010-11-01

References

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^"Main Data of the Seventh National Population Census".National Bureau of Statistics of China. Archived fromthe original on May 11, 2021.
^see China national data"regional - quarterly by province - national accounts - gross regional product" (Press release). China NBS. RetrievedFebruary 25, 2025.
^Li, Shuangshuang; Yang, Saini; LIU, Xianfeng (10 September 2015)."Spatiotemporal variability of extreme precipitation in north and south of the Qinling-Huaihe region and influencing factors during 1960-2013".The Chinese Journal of Geography.34 (3):354–363. Retrieved25 May 2017.
^Hu, Richard (2023).Reinventing the Chinese City. New York:Columbia University Press.ISBN 978-0-231-21101-7.
^The Cambridge World History Volume II A World With Agriculture 12,000 BCE-500CE. Cambridge University Press. 2015. pp. 316–320.
^GB/T 2260 codes for the provinces of China
^ISO 3166-2:CN (ISO 3166-2 codes for the provinces of China)
^^a ^b ^c国务院人口普查办公室; 国家统计局人口和社会科技统计司, eds. (2012).中国2010年人口普查分县资料. Beijing: China Statistics Press.ISBN 978-7-5037-6659-6.

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