| North American Leaders' Summit | |
|---|---|
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| Participants | |
TheNorth American Leaders' Summit (NALS), called theThree Amigos Summit in theEnglish languagepopular press,Cumbre de los tres amigos inSpanish andSommet des trois amigos inFrench,[1][2][3][4] is the trilateral summit between theprime minister of Canada, thepresident of Mexico, and thepresident of the United States.[5] The summits were initially held as part of theSecurity and Prosperity Partnership of North America (SPP), a continent-level dialogue between the three countries established in 2005, and continued after SPP became inactive in 2009.[6][7]
The most recent North American Leaders' Summit was hosted by Mexican presidentAndrés Manuel López Obrador on January 10, 2023 inMexico City.
Until 2009, the summits were held as part of the widerSecurity and Prosperity Partnership of North America. There are no fixed dates for the summits and in some years a summit has not been held for varying reasons.[8] In 2011, the summit was postponed out of respect for thebereavement of the Mexican government after the death of Mexican Interior MinisterFrancisco Blake Mora, and in 2015, Prime Minister of CanadaStephen Harper cancelled the Three Amigos summit as a political statement to protest U.S. PresidentBarack Obama's push against the Keystone XL oil pipeline.[9][10]
During thefirst administration of Donald Trump from 2017 to 2021, no official summits were held.[11] The leaders of the three countries continued to meet at other events, such as the signing of theUnited States–Mexico–Canada Agreement during the2018 G20 Buenos Aires summit.
During thesecond administration of Donald Trump, since 2025, there are no official summits planned to be held. The leaders of the three countries are involved with the2025 United States trade war with Canada and Mexico.
| No. | Year | Dates | Location | Host leader | Guest leaders |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2005 | March 23 |  Waco,Texas | George W. Bush |  Vicente Fox Paul Martin |
| 2 | 2006 | March 31 | Cancún,Quintana Roo | Vicente Fox | George W. BushStephen Harper |
| 3 | 2007 | August 20–21 | Montebello,Quebec | Stephen Harper | George W. BushFelipe Calderón |
| 4 | 2008 | April 21–22 | New Orleans,Louisiana | George W. Bush | Felipe CalderónStephen Harper |
| 5 | 2009 | August 8–11 | Guadalajara,Jalisco | Felipe Calderón | Stephen HarperBarack Obama |
| 6 | 2012 | April 2 | Washington, D.C. | Barack Obama | Felipe CalderónStephen Harper |
| 7 | 2014 | February 19 | Toluca,State of Mexico | Enrique Peña Nieto | Stephen HarperBarack Obama |
| 8 | 2016 | June 29 | Ottawa,Ontario | Justin Trudeau | Barack ObamaEnrique Peña Nieto |
| 9 | 2021 | November 18[12] | Washington, D.C. | Joe Biden | Justin TrudeauAndrés Manuel López Obrador |
| 10 | 2023 | January 10 | Mexico City | Andrés Manuel López Obrador | Justin TrudeauJoe Biden |
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"There is no fixed time of year for the three leaders to meet. Dates for the summit have been prone to change. The three countries rotated hosting duties between 2005 and 2009, but in 2010, Canada postponed a meeting that had been scheduled to be held in Wakefield, Que., and then did not host it at all... There was no summit in 2013.
Harper cancelled the 2015 summit amid mounting tension with the U.S. over the Keystone XL pipeline, which Obama ultimately rejected
The leaders started holding what is informally known as the Three Amigos summit in 2005 and met most years until 2016. The practice ended when U.S. President Donald Trump took office in January 2017.