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Norman Reilly Raine | |
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 Norman Reilly Raine (left) andMichael Curtiz (right) on the set ofThe Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex (1939) | |
| Born | (1894-06-23)June 23, 1894 |
| Died | July 19, 1971(1971-07-19) (aged 77) |
| Years active | 1933–1955 |
| Spouse(s) | Joyce Roberta Pett (divorced) Elizabeth Prudhomme (1958–1971, his death) |
Norman Reilly Raine (23 June 1894 – 19 July 1971) was an American screenwriter, creator of "Tugboat Annie" and winner of an Oscar for the screenplay ofThe Life of Emile Zola (1937).[1]
Raine was born inWilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. He began writing in 1912, when he was 17, with a job as a reporter onThe Buffalo Morning Express. He stayed two years and left for service with theCanadian Expeditionary Force during World War I. He was discharged as a captain in the Royal Air Force. After the war he joined MacLean's Magazine in Toronto and became assistant editor. In 1924, in one of his articles, he commented at aboutrum-running, saying "It is openly asserted by the rum runners that Canadian banks finance or help to carry, by credit and other methods, some of the larger deals put over by the trade" whichThe Montreal Gazette called an "outstanding statement".[2] He died in Woodland Hills, California.
Raine tried the Broadway stage in 1933. With Frank Butler as collaborator, he wroteHangman's Whip, a jungle melodrama in which two well-known Hollywood actors,Montagu Love andBarton MacLane, played leading roles. It later became the 1933 filmWhite Woman withCarole Lombard andCharles Laughton.
Raine wrote a series of Tugboat Annie stories forThe Saturday Evening Post. In a 1940 news article, it was said he based Tugboat Annie on a female tugboat owner he knew and wanted to write a story about her; however the woman was gentle and Tugboat Annie was not. He also based Tugboat Annie onMarie Dressler after he watchedAnna Christie.[3] In 1933 he wrote the screenplay for thefilm, in whichMarie Dressler played Annie andWallace Beery portrayed Terry, her hard-drinking husband, with whom she traded choice insults.
A 1934 news article said Raine always worked wearing aknit cap and, when he once misplaced it, wore his wife's as a substitute.[4] In 1950, he had been collaborating with writerGuy Gilpatric before he killed himself and his wife after she was diagnosed withbreast cancer.[5] In a 1957 article, Raine mentioned that he once wrote a story about theBattle of the Little Bighorn but was rejected by a Hollywood magnate seven times to which Raine said "I'm ready to quit, it's the best I can do. What is there about it that displeases you?" and the magnate responded "I'll tell you, I hate Indians!".[6] He also once wrote for television, three episodes in the seriesSchlitz Playhouse of Stars.[7]
Subsequently, Raine wrote many other screenplays, among themThe Perfect Specimen,God's Country and the Woman,[8]The Adventures of Robin Hood,[9]Each Dawn I Die,[10]The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex,[11]Mountain Justice,[12]The Fighting 69th,[13]Men Are Such Fools,[14]Eagle Squadron,[15]Ladies Courageous,We've Never Been Licked,Nob Hill,A Bell for Adano,Captain Kidd andCaptains of the Clouds.[16]
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