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Nakhichevan-on-Don (Russian:Нахичевань-на-Дону,Naxičevan’-na-Donu), also known asNew Nakhichevan (Armenian:Նոր Նախիջևան,Nor Naxiĵevan; as opposed to the "old"Nakhichevan), was anArmenian-populated town nearRostov-on-Don, in southern Russia founded in 1779 byArmenians from Crimea. It retained the status of a city until 1928 when it was merged with Rostov.
In the summer of 1778, after theCrimean Khanate was made a Russianvassal state, some 12,600Armenians of the Crimean peninsula wereresettled by GeneralAlexander Suvorov in the Don region. The Russian Empire sought to strengthenNovorossiya, which was vital in completely absorbing the Crimea.[1] EmpressCatherine the Great granted some 86,000 ha of land to the Armenians by a November 14, 1779 decree. The project of resettlement was promoted and financed by CountHovhannes Lazarian.[2]
A third of the Armenians perished en route and during the first winter. The settlement of New Nakhichevan was founded by the survivors. It "rapidly grew into an important town with its own cathedral and seminary."[3] In 1894 the Armenian community erected theAlexander Column in Nakhichevan-on-Don to celebrate the EmperorAlexander II of Russia.
Around the turn of the twentieth century it was part of theDon Host Oblast. In 1896 it had an estimated population of 32,174, of which 14,618 (45.4%) were native residents and 17,556 (54.6%) were nonresidents. TheArmenian Apostolic population was estimated at 18,895 (58.7%),Orthodox at 10,965 (34.1%), others (Jews,Old Believers, Muslims, Catholics, Protestants) at 2,314 (7.1%).[4] According to the1897 Russian Imperial census the city had a population of 28,427.East Slavic-speakers (Russians, Ukrainians and Belarusians) made up around two-thirds of the population (19,224), whileArmenians (8,277) comprised a significant minority (29.1%).[5]
By the late 19th century it was "engulfed by the growth of Rostov."[3] As early as 1897, the entry in theBrockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary said about the city: "Currently, Nakhichevan-on-Don has merged with Rostov so that the boundaries of the two cities can only be determined by a plan approved 11 May 1811."[4] On 28 December 1928, Nor Nakhichevan was officially made part of Rostov.[6] In 1929, the area was redesignated as the Proletarskyraion (Пролетарский район), Rostov's largest district.[7] As of 2001, it amounted to a "kind of Armenian quarter within the city."[3] According to the 2010 Russian census, of the 41,553 Armenians in the city of Rostov-on-Don, 10,008 or almost 25% of all Armenians live in the Proletarsky district, where they make up more than 8% of the population, well above the city's total percentage of Armenians (at 3.8%).[8]
47°13′53″N39°45′25″E / 47.23139°N 39.75694°E /47.23139; 39.75694