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 | |
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name Nonane[1] | |
| Identifiers | |
| |
3D model (JSmol) | |
| 1696917 | |
| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider |
|
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.003.558 |
| EC Number |
|
| 240576 | |
| MeSH | nonane |
| RTECS number |
|
| UNII | |
| UN number | 1920 |
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| C9H20 | |
| Molar mass | 128.259 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Gasoline-like |
| Density | 0.718 g/mL |
| Melting point | −54.1 to −53.1 °C; −65.5 to −63.7 °F; 219.0 to 220.0 K |
| Boiling point | 150.4 to 151.0 °C; 302.6 to 303.7 °F; 423.5 to 424.1 K |
| logP | 5.293 |
| Vapor pressure | 0.59 kPa (at 25.0 °C) |
Henry's law constant (kH) | 1.7 nmol Pa−1 kg−1 |
| −108.13·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Refractive index (nD) | 1.405 |
| Thermochemistry | |
| 284.34 J K−1 mol−1 | |
Std molar entropy(S⦵298) | 393.67 J K−1 mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of formation(ΔfH⦵298) | −275.7 – −273.7 kJ mol−1 |
Std enthalpy of combustion(ΔcH⦵298) | −6125.75 – −6124.67 kJ mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling: | |
   | |
| Danger | |
| H226,H304,H315,H319,H332,H336 | |
| P261,P301+P310,P305+P351+P338,P331 | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | 31.0 °C (87.8 °F; 304.1 K) |
| 205.0 °C (401.0 °F; 478.1 K) | |
| Explosive limits | 0.87–2.9% |
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible) | none[2] |
REL (Recommended) | TWA 200 ppm (1050 mg/m3)[2] |
IDLH (Immediate danger) | N.D.[2] |
| Related compounds | |
Related alkanes | |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
Nonane is a linearalkanehydrocarbon with thechemical formula C9H20. It is a colorless, flammable liquid, occurring primarily in the component of thepetroleum distillate fraction commonly calledkerosene, which is used as a heating,tractor, andjet fuel.[4] Nonane is also used as asolvent, distillation chaser,fuel additive, and a component inbiodegradabledetergents.[5] It is also a minor component ofdiesel fuel.[6]
Nonane has 35structural isomers.
Itssubstituent form isnonyl. Itscycloalkane counterpart iscyclononane, (C9H18).
Unlike most alkanes, the numeric prefix in its name is fromLatin, notGreek. (A name using a Greek prefix would beenneane.)
Nonane undergoescombustion reactions that are similar to otheralkanes. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, nonane burns to formwater andcarbon dioxide.
When insufficient oxygen is available for complete combustion, the burning products includecarbon monoxide.
